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OLD SERIES, ) CONTINUATION OF THE f New SERIEs, Vor. XVI jf BULLETIN OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLuB. | Voc. VIII
‘The Auk
A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology
EDITOR Te, MAme Acie by BN)
ASSOCIATE EDITOR €) P BAT CHEE DER
PUBLISHED FOR The American Ornithologists’ Union
NEW . YORK oS. LOS hr 18gt
ye * ‘ “ ' : ‘ ‘ . ‘ r ’ sy
pe
CONTENTS OF VOLUME. VIII.
NUMBER I.
PAGE
A Srupy oF FLoripA GALLINULES, WITH SOME NoTESON A NEST FOUND AT CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. By William Brewster
A List oF Brrps FROM NorRTHEAST BORNEO, WITH FIELD NOTES BY Mr. C.F. Apams. By D, G. Eilsot
Tue Hasirs oF THE GOLDEN PLovER (Char adrius dominicus) IN Mas- SACHUSETTS. By George H. Mackay : : ’ y ,
A List oF BIRDS OBSERVED AT SANTAREM, BRAZIL. By Clarence B. Riker. With Annotations by Frank M. Acie
Some Birp Soncs. By Simeon Pease Cheney
ON THE WEsT INDIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS Cer thiola OR Gar Spe By Charles B. Cory ,
Notes on West INDIAN BIRDS. 3y Char ie Gey, Gory. y
A COLLECTION OF BIRDS TAKEN BY Cyrus S. WINCH IN THE Ist ANDS oF ANGUILLA, ANTIGUA, AND ST. EuSTATIUS, WEST INDIES, DUR- ING ApRIL, MAY, JUNE, AND A PART OF JULY, 1890. By Charles B. Cory ; : : : ; ’ : F : . : :
A Lis¥ OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED IN THE ISLANDS OF ST. CROIX AND ST. KiTTs, WESTINDIES, DURING MARCH AND APRIL, AND IN GUADELOUPE DURING AUGUST, SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, nee By Charles B. Cory . :
A FurtHer REVIEW OF THE Avian FAUNA OF " CHESTER County, SoutTH CAROLINA. By Leverett M. Loomis . A
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF CYPSELID‘® OF THE GENnus Chetura, WITH A NOTE ONTHE DIABLOTIN. By ues N. Law- rence . .
DESCRIPTION OF A New SPECIES OF > Rhamphoc elus FROM Costa Rica. By George K. Cherrie. :
Tue Birps oF ANDROs ISLAND, BAHAMAS. By Sohn Lf, ‘Northrop.
Er1GHTH CONGRESS OF THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION
THIRD SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS S : ; 3
RECENT LITERATURE.
Sharpe’s Catalogue aa the Sturniformes, 90; Hargitt’s Catalogue of the Woopeckers, 92; Merriam’s ‘Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Wioaatain Region and Desert of the Little Col- orado, Arizona,’95; Seebohm’s Birds of the Japanese Empire, 99: Warren's Revised Report on the Birds of Pennsylvania, 101; Beld- ing’s ‘Land Birds of the Pacific District,’ 104 ; A Catalogue of the
lv Contents of Volume V/7/T.
birds of New Jersey, 104; Rives’s Catalogue of the Birds of the Virginias, 105; Minor Ornithological Publications, 106; Publica- tions Received, 110.
GENERAL NOTES.
Anas crecca in Connecticut, 112; Barrow’s Golden-eye ( Glauctonetta tslandica) near W ashington. D. C., 112; Second Occurrence of the White-faced Glossy Ibis (Plegad?’s guarauna) in Kansas, 112; Phalaropes at Sw Dtoe Mass., 112; Golden Eagle at Shelter Island, New York, 113; Malco dominicensis Gmel. versus Falco sparveriotdes Vizg., 113; Stréx pratincola again near Troy,N. Y., 114; American Barn Owl (S¢riw pratincola) on Long Island, N. Y., 1143 Coccyzus americanus breeding at Ottawa, 114; A New Name Necessary for Se/asphorus forest?’ Gould, 114; Note on the Alleged Occurrence of Trochilus heloisa (Less. & De Latt.) within North Américan Limits, 1 15; Scenopaectes dentirostrts, 1153 Am- modramus caudacutus nelsont and A. c. subvirgatus in Connecti- cut, 115; Note on FYunco hyemalis thurberé Anthony, 115; Black- throated Bunting ( Spiza americana) on Long Island, N. Y., 116; Breeding, of De Riebicn macitlosa in Western Pennsy Ivania, 116; Correction, 116; The Mockingbird at Springfield, Mass., 117; Note on Cofsychus adamsi—Correction, 117; Further Cape Cod Notes, 117; Uncommon Birds for Nantucket Island. Mass., 120.
NOTES AND NEWS
Obituary, Dr. Ferdinand Krauss, 120; Henry Davis Minot, 121; Photographs at the A. O. U. Meeting, 121; Address of the Retir- ing President, 121; Amendments to the By- Laws of the A. O.1Us, 121; Dr. Merriam’s Explorations, 122; Proposed Studies of the Falco sparvertus Group and of Gallinago delicata, 1233; An In- auras of the Genus Colaptes, 123; Ornithologists at the A Ne, 1242 Nr DSH. Lalbots Collections, 124s Muses Weebe D. Scott in sence 124; Change of Address of the Treasurer of
«ie vats ORNUE Ter
NUMBER II.
NOTES ON THE Birps OF THE LOWER SUWANEE River. By Welliam
Brewster and Frank M. Chapman : ; : : s Rls DESCRIPTION OF SEVEN SuPPOSED NEw NortH AMERICAN BIRDS
By William Brewster. ; » 130 Novres ON BACHMAN’s WARBLER (He Iminthophila bachmant). By Wul-
liam Brewster ; : - 149 A List oF Birps OBSERVED AT Saccr antane. BrRaziL. By Clarenee V5 5
Riker. With Annotations by Frank M. Chapman. , Anes) SuMMER BirpDsS OF THE BRAS D'OR REGION OF CAPE BRETON ISLAND,
Nova Scoria. By Francis H. Allen 5 : : . 164. A FurTHER REVIEW OF THE AVIAN FAUNA OF Cur STER . County,
SoutnH CAROLINA. By Leverett M. Loomés : : > LOY THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE IvORY-BILLED WOODPECKE (© 177 4--
philus princtpalis). By Edwin M. Hasbrouck c : 3 ay Higt
Contents of Volume VIII.
NotTES ON SOME SPECIES OF BIRDS OF THE ISLAND OF CuBA. By Dr.
Fohn Gundlach : : : , 5 : : : ; DESCRIPTION OF A Supposep New Myrmeciza. By George K. Cherrte . : : :
Birp WAVES AND THEIR GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION. By Witmer
Stone
Tue Laprapor Duck:—A Lisr OF THE EXTANT SPECIMENS IN
Nortu AMERICA, WITH Some HisroricaL Nores. By William Dutcher
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF Mimocichla, YROM TIlE ISLAND
or Dominica, West INpies. By F A. Allen
Some BIRD SKELETONS FROM GUADELOUPE ISLAND. By Frederic A. Lucas.
RECENT LITERATURE.
The Ornithology of ‘The Century Dictionary, 222; Chapman oh a Collection of Birds from British Columbia, 2243 Ifagerup and Chamberlain’s Birds of Greenland; 226; Nicholson’s Translation of Sundevall’s ‘Tentamen,’ 227; Goss’s ‘History of the Birds of Kansas,’ 228; A Forgotten Volume, 230; Publications Received, 230.
GENERAL NOTES.
A Breeding Place of Pelecanus fuscus, 2315 The Whistling Swan in Massachusetts, 232; The Green Heron (Ardea virescens ) Winter- ing in South Carolina, 232; Some Rookeries on the Gulf Coast of Florida, 233; Migration of the Red Phalarope ( Cryvmophilus fulicartus) , 2333 Breeding of Totanus solitarius and Otocoris al- pestris praticola in Western Pennsylvania, 236; Falco tslandtcus L. in Labrador, 236; Protective Coloration in the Genus Hgva- lités, 236; A Peculiar Character Referable to the Base of the Skull in Pandion, 236; Megascops asto macfarlanet—a Correc- tion, 237; Scott’s Oriole (Icterus partsorum) in Central New Mex- ico, 237; Scott’s Oriole in California, 238; Nesting of the Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, 238; Marian’s Marsh Wren(Cistothorus mariane) on the Coast of South Carolina, 239; The Bluebird Wintering near Boston, 239; Notes on the Occurrence of Uncommon Species at Beaver, Pa., 240; Crstothorus ma riane, Buteo lineatus allent, and Syruzum nebulosum allent in South Carolina, 240.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Camera Notes for Ornithologists, 240; Work of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club during 1590, 244-
NOTES AND NEWS.
Obituary, Colonel N. 5. Goss, 2453 New Ornithological Journals, 247; Call for further Material for an Investigation of the Sparrow Hawks, 248; A Proposed Investigation of the Bronzed, Purple, and Florida Grackles, 248.
vi Contents of Volume VITT.
NUMBER III.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BirDS OF JAMAICA. I. NOTES ON THE HABiITs OF THE YELLOW-BILLED TROPIC BIRD (Phatiae gee ostrts). By W. E. D. Scott .
YELLOW-BELLIED W OODPECKERS “AND THEIR UNINVITED Guests By Frank Bolles :
A PRELIMINARY List OF THE . BIRDS OF > SAN José, Costa Rica. By George K. Cherrie .
Tur ScoTERS (O¢demia americana, Wo) deglandi, and O. perspicillata) IN NEw ENGLAND. By George H. Mackay .
Funco carolinensts SHOWN TO BE A SUBSPECIES. By Fonathan Di wight,
1 a . . . . . . . .
List oF Birrps TAKEN AND OBSERVED IN CuBa AND THE BAHAMA ISLANDS, DURING MARCH AND APRIL, 1891. By Charles B. Cory.
List oF BrIRDS COLLECTED BY C. S. WINCH, IN THE Caicos ISLANDS AND INAGUA, BAHAMAS, DURING JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, AND IN ABACO IN Marcu, 1891. By Charles B. Cory
RECENT LITERATURE.
Giitke’s ‘Die Vogelwarte Helgoland,’ 299; Cory’s ‘Birds of the Bahama Islands,’ 300; Grant’s ‘Our Common Birds,’ 301; Thompson’s ‘Birds of Manitoba,’ 301; Canadian Bird Notes, 302; Stone’s List of ‘Birds collected in Yucatan and Southern Mexico.’ 303; The Owls in the Collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 303 ; Stone on the Genus Pszlorhinus, 3045 Professor Thompson on the Systematic Position of Hesferornis, 304; Townsend on the Birds of the Coast and Islands of Upper and Lower California, 305; Palmer on Birds observed during the Cruise of the ‘Gram- pus,’ 305; Lucas on the Anatomy and History of the Great Auk, 306; Publications Received, 306.
GENERAL NOTES.
3riinnich’s Murre in Connecticut, 307; The Sandhill Crane (Gras mextcana) in South Carolina, 308; Capture of a Fourth Specimen of Ardetta neoxena, 309; Notes on the Nest and Habits of Cory’s Bittern (Botaurus neoxenus), 309; Phalaropus lobatus off Scituate, Mass., 310; The Wild Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), 310; The Breeding Range of the Sparrow Hawk (falco sparvertus) in Texas, 312; Great Gray Owl in Worcester County, Mass., 313; Acadian Owl (Wyctala acadica) at Washington, D. C., 313; Oc- currence of the Groove-billed Ani at Jupiter Inlet, Florida, Sats Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulctrostris) in Arizona, 313; The First Plumage of Ofocorés alpestris strigata Hensh., 314; European Goldfinch (Carduelts carduelts) Breeding in Worcester County, Mass., 314; Description of the Nests and Eggs of Den- drotca gracte and Contopus pertinax, 314; A Female Piranga rubra ‘Assuming the Plumage of the Male, 315; Capture of Geothlyprs poltoc ephala palpebr al’vs in Cameron County, Texas, 316; Bachman’s Warbler (Helminthophila bachmanz) at Raleigh,
Contents of Volume VIII.
N. C., 316; Note on Mimocichla verrillorum, 317; The Robin Wintering at Godbout, Canada, 317; On Two Birds New to Lou- isiana, 318.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Florida Heron Rookeries, 318; Birds of Greenland,’ 319.
NOTES AND NEWS.
Colored Plates in ‘The Auk’, 320; Obituary, John C. Cahoon, 320; Texan Ornithology, 321; Ornithological Exploration, 3213; In- vestigation of Colaptes, 322; The Audubon Monument Fund, 322.
NUMBER IV.
JuNeE BirpDs OF CAESAR’S PE AE SouTH CAROLINA. By Leverett M. Loomis List oF BirpDs COLLECTED ON THE Baw AMA ISLANDS BY THE Nate URALISTS OF THE FISH COMMISSION STEAMER ‘‘ALBATROSS.” By Robert kidg way. ; ‘FIRE-LIGHTING.’ By Geor “Le 5 JHE Mackay A REVISION OF THE SPECIES or Molothrus ALLIED TO ‘M. Ronen (Gn.). By Witmer Stone : DESCRIPTION OF NEW BIRDS FROM THE BAHAMA ‘ISLANDS, WITH Rr- MARKS ON THE SPECIES OF Sfeotyto WHICH OCCUR IN THE WEST Inpvies. By Charles B. Cory . E : 4 F f : List oF BIRDS OBTAINED BY Mr. C. S. WINCH ON THE ISLANDS OF GREAT BAHAMA AND ABACO, BAHAMA ISLANDS, DURING JUNE, AND ON ELEUTHERA IN JULY, 1891. By Charles B. Cory : List oF BIRDS COLLECTED ON THE ISLAND OF INaGuA, BAHAMA Is- LANDS, FROM May 1 TO Jury 10, 1891. By Charles B. Cory ONA CoLLECTION oF BIRDS MADE ON THE ISLANDS OF ANGUILLA AND Cay SAL or SALT Cay, BaHAMA ISLANDS, BY Mr. Cyrus 58. WINCH, DURING May, 1891. By Charles B. Cory : : . OBSERVATIONS ON THE Birps oF JAMAICA, West INpreEs. II. A List OF THE BIRDS RECORDED FROM THE Bg he WITH ANNOTATIONS. By W. EB. D. Scott : , : : 5 Tertiary Fossits or NorTH AMERICAN Birps. ‘By R.W. Shufeldt, IMDS. ; : 6 THe CAROLINA P. \ROQUET “(Conur us Ca) olinensis). By Edwin M. Has- brouck : : ; : é :
RECENT LITERATURE.
Sharpe’s Review of Recent Attempts to Classify Birds ; 379, Hornaday’s Handbook of Taxidermy and Zodlogical Collecting, 381; Butler’s Birds of Indiana, 383; Colburn and Morris's ‘Birds of the Con- necticut Valley in Massachusetts,’ 384; Merriam’s List of Birds observed in Idaho, 385; Wieynantts| ‘Contributions to Science’, 385; Minor Ornithological Publications, 387; Publications Re- ceived, 392).
Vil
344
. 348
Vili Contents of Volume VTITT.
GENERAL NOTES.
The Yellowlegs (Totanus flavifes) Breeding in Ontario County, N. Y., 394; The Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) in Ontario County, N. Y., 394; An Abnormal Specimen of Coceyzus may- nardt, 394: Further Notes on Ofocorés alpestris praticola, 395; The English Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Nassau, N. P., 395; Former Occurrence of SAcza americana in Northern New Jersey, 395; An Abnormal Specimen of the Nonpareil (Passerina crris), 3953 The Cedar Waxwing and American Dipper in Costa Rica, 395; Another Massachusetts Record for the Mockingbird, 395; Geothlypis philadelphia Breeding in Western New York, 396; Breeding of the Mourning Warbler in Ontario County, N. Y., 396; Yellow Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea), 396; Bird Notes from Clatrop County, Oregon, 396; Notes on the Mniotiltide of Western Pennsylvania, 397; Note regarding the Islands of Maraguana and Samana, Bahamas, 399.
NOTES AND NEWS.
The Frontispiece, 400; Obituary John I. Northrop, yoo: August von Pelzeln. 400; Ninth Congress of the A. O. U., 400; Second Inter- national Ornithological Congress, 4or; A New Manual of North American Birds, 401: Ornithological Explorations, 4o2; A Query from the Treasurer of the A. O. U., 402.
INDEX : : : ; : : : ; : ; yn hee ERRATA 5 : § : ; : 5 : so aM CONTENTS oF VOL. VIII . . : , : : F ee LUL OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES Or THe A. O. U . ; ; 5 US
MEMBERS OF THE A. O. U.
OFFICERS AND STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION. 18go-91.
Expiration of Term
ISieienouns los (Go JEVEAV se OO CIDE ONO OOO BOUIN A OOo November, 1891.
RipGway, ROBERT,
Vice-Prestdents ~...+.++.+0. OG 18901. BREWSTER, WILLIAM. { 9 SYNE, ORIN 186 5 CyAe/ 4274747470 oO G0OD Dod OODUOb0u OOOUr ue 1891. DUTCHERR. WILE DAMA LE QSF CF «ros. oi o/c.eoelcies\2 siete) 6.6 6 GL 1891.
ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL.
A\ILILIBIN S/o, UNS Odo GDOGOA OOREOR Oc ae OL oO OAse te poauoT +++» November, 1891. COR CHARTE SI Beeriste.ce cot en oreieinree. wisisio sicvefele’os sigte cele Gt 18gl. FANE INS EAC MulsLIECINDIRIVE. Vin btu ene char tu ateceie eo. 6-5 oe oral eé.eie bh alee uC 1891. (COURS EEE IO MI acre che cl\s)-e1<)e) s(6 46 Sy olekebavapehelfera cietelciscete stele Ot 1891. GOSSSMING Otearstetetettele crite sielststepartarcicccayo Sea ate se wana cialis o.cte ot 1891. IVI este Ala Ge LUA IRE att as cv eyaltarafavare kcveve ei stats: aa, o.0e'e) 6 arenere sever sf 1891. SRETINEG ER alee ONDA Dacia: eislleleds'=\elele\<) stele «i eVelelaic1s) 6/6215 “6 18gr.
EDITORIAL STAFF OF ‘THE AUK.’
ATALIDINS |la e4 JOU eons cane doco sbooogUuCO DaUEOO UOC November, 1891.
BALCHEEDER,) Co Ey ASSOCZa le LEG IL0P oe. «oso nes ee ve oe “ 1891. COMMITTEES.
Committee on Publications.
Ex.tiot, D. G., Chatrman. BREWSTER, WILLIAM. SAGE, JOHN H., Secretary. Cours, ELLIoTT. ALLEN, J. A. RipGway, ROBERT.
Committee of Arrangements for the Meeting of 1891.
Exxiot, D. G., Chazrman. ALLEN, J. A. SAGE, JOHN H., Secretary. CHAPMAN, FRANK M. SENNETT, GEORGE B.
x Active Members. MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLGISTS UNION. DECEMBER, 1890. ACTIVE MEMBERS.
[Omission of date indicates a Founder. ]
Date of Election. Axtpricu, Hon. CHARLES, Webster City, Iowa........--.--..-+-.-. = ALLEN, Dr. J. A., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 77th St. and 8th Ave., New York. City .i22 ose cicisere atein wie ease oir nies =e elie ee rire = BaILey, H. B., Newport News, Va.-------.+---es cece ee reece ee ees a *BaIRD, Prof. ‘SPENCER F., Washington, D. C.................---- ee Barrows, Prof. W. B., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C..... 1883 BATCHELDER, CHARLES F., Cambridge, Mass...-.......2..02+----- == BELDING. PLUNMLANE “Stockton s Galas veretatis eteteteleletetrtelekersie eter tepenreirete 1883 BENDIRE, Capt. CHARLES E., U. S. A., Smiths. Inst., Washington, 1D ed Oa eer ee eer Serine io An cis oobod Hoo ooo obs _ BICKNELL, EUGENE P., P. O. Box 2958, New York City.........-.-- — +BREWSTER, WILLIAM, Cambridge, Mass......-...2.22..+00se00e- = Brown, NATHAN C., care of Melville, Fickus & Co., 75, Lombard Stz2- Toon dome siecs ce-c0 sis larsoe Gis che ape) e) 6 eeyepaneneveevaeyeielers lertote ers oreree — Binanacae, WNNeriae Ide, Sein Waimunetiee, (Cp conssosa cass oacegaccnes 1888 CHADBOURNE, Dr. ARTHUR P., care of Baring Bros., London...... 1889 CHAMBERLAIN, MONTAGUE, Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass.-... — CHAPMAN, FRANK M., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 77th St. and 8th Ave., New York City 5. 5 lem ie 'W torwie a lere! etavaieiase eleletaltey oye tate nelove rave relate ai remereae 1888 CookEs Prof.) We W., urlinieton,,| Vitserekeletetekittn tele iiete ert 1884 {Corvy CHARLES B., So Arlineton (St. boston me Masceetree ieee =o {Cours, Dr ErLiorr, smiths) Inst.) Washin'stoms Is) Gert erie <= DEANE, RUTHVEN, 2 Wabash Ave., (©hicagose Uline cee cieeereer 1883 DutTcHeEer, WILLIAM, 525 Manhattan Ave., New York City....---... 1886 DwiGuT, JONATHAN, Jr., 2 East 34th st., New York City............ 1886 Evtior, DanieL G., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 77th St. and 8th Ave., News sMonk® (Ci biyjs ers nreretore) oleleteiollotel stolel tele alg teeieeenteiet etait tenet = FisHer, Dr. ALBERT K., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.... — HGRBES, Prot. 9. A. Chamipaiom, Tiller arelels sieleiekotelseteiertierei ieee 1883 FOSTER, LYMAN 5S,, 35. Pine Street, New York/City-.eemee =. lseree 1888 GILL, Prof. THEoporRE N., Smiths. Inst., Washington, D. C........ 1883 +Goss, Col) N.S. Dopeka- Kans... 2 -j-(0t = clelele cel eee eae eel eit 1883 GRINNELL, Dr. GEorGE B., ‘Forest and Stream’ Office, New York (C518 #50 cone DOO ODO OHO AReUoab ecg dod Go ncaadnoocn ccas hobo osoon. 1883
HeNsuHAw, Henry W., Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C. -\.. 1882 HOLDERS OT J. bs) New Work (City). rel tees ite ee eee —
* Deceased. + Life Member,
flonorary Members. xi
JEFFRIES, Dr. J. AMory, 3 Exeter St., Boston, Mass.......-........ 1883 DANGoON, Dr... Wi, 65 West-7th St., (Cimeinnati, O.....-..0..0.-s 1887 LAwreENCE, NEwsocp T., 51 Liberty St., New York City.......... 1883 MelItwrairn, THomas, Hamilton, Ontario, Can................... = MEARNS, Dr. EpGar A.; U: S. A., Fort Snelling, Minn............. _— MERRIAM, Dr. C. Hart, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C... — FUER. Dr jAMEs G., (UL Sa Ae Hort ieenowlade: Werr: «ell oe . 1883 NEHRLING, H., 815 North Ave., Milwaukee, Wis........0.-s«y0--e- 1883 INEESON. oH. We. WallacesNew Mexicotccscecdoce de sacee ccce ce camicee 1883 PRENTISS, Dr. D. W., 110f 14th St., N: W., Washington, D. C...... _ BURDIE sre Avs, West Newtons Wlassiis-csisreises 210 9 cieecleine eeicic.e ciclecie oe = RipGway, ROBERT, Smiths. Inst., Washington, D. C....... ......% — Roserts, Dr. THoMaAs S., 24 South 4th St., Minneapolis, Minn.......- 1883 SAGE ys OHNE ontlalmndh a Comes oiela) © c)jailajelelevere) cits ol ctesatcteiolel etelsials)e/a1cte 1883 SAUNDERS, Wo. E., 188 Dundas St., London, Ontario, Can.......... 1883 Scott, W.E. D., care Deming & Logan, 58 William St., New York
(Ciijvoows bc couse HéuoupocwUlcoUDD CooUpDoOUDDO dU Goan datoudoCoC 1886 tSENNeETT, GEoRGE B., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 77th St. and 8th Ave.,
ING Yaoi (Ciliiyoods Saou edoouures Gago gnc OcoGunaUnoosedKdoce. 1883 SHUFELDT, Dr. Rosperr W., U. S. A., Smiths. Inst., Washington,
HIDES Gparntet Warorstatetcreis oeisi ae testers cre ors sieh she aya yeisieisra,Pitidve-s a e,ie core BES Gre = STEJNEGER, Dr. LEONHARD, Smiths. Inst., Washington, D. C....... 1884 tTRUMBULL, GURDON, 970 Asylum Ave., Hartford, Conn............ 1888 AV RIYATHONT, ID Yes |b Wiles (Collpianlois (Olmos aonos oopoooob0nS ObooHoodod = WinDivnANiNin Om T Os Olldi@relrands NUOre cist «cle eieehs «cle ele alee <ie\e/< ielels siecle 1884
HONORARY MEMBERS.
BERLEPSCH, Count Hans von, Miinden, Germany....-............ 1890 BocaGeE, Prof. J. V. BARBOzZA bu, Royal Museum, Lisbon, Portugal. 1883 BuURMEISTER, Dr. HERMANN von, Director National Museum, Buenos
INVES O0000000 Codb'UOcOo dodeUD DOU U0 OOO CuDU DUOO No JdGo0Gdor 1884 CaBanis, Prof. Dr. Jean, Alte Jacobstrasse, 103 a, Berlin.......-.... 1883 Dresser, Henry E., Topclyffe Grange, Farnborough, Beckenham,
Kermit, BrotalkeinGls coocbodcccons bape ducu vce dcoebb oUpUNOOULOGE 1883 FinscuH, Dr. Orro, Delminhorst, near Bremen,......- Hol wisjiein salaies ices 1883 GATEE, HEiNRICH, Heligoland, via Bremen <.= 0.226600. cceacese ss 1884 GIGLioLi, Dr. HENry HILLYER, Royal Superior Institute, Florence, . 1883 GuNDLACH, Dr. Juan, Ingenio Fermina, Bemba, Cuba........... -- 1883 *GURNEY, JOHN Henry, Northrepps Hall, Norwich, England...... 1883 ISUNRING Mois, Dies (Guiciennie Jinn gocnboubouc | SbeoUbnoUUCoEECUaTee 1883 gis, ALA) OleEweusis tsphinei, Ibnehizlaccs oaconaoe aoenoeoododa Coos 1883 Huxtey, Prof. THomas H., 4 Marlborough Place, Abbey Road, Lon-
COM, IW WWe SbnoodsGpocasdD.o0co hbo gbadoo bond OpbebuaGHoNOOee 1883
*Deceased. ftLife Member.
xii Corresponding Members.
*Krauss, Dr. FERDINAND, Stuttgart. .---+eeee cece cece cere ee eeeees 1883 Lawrence, GEORGE N., 45 East 21st Street, New York City........ 1890 MILNE-Epwarps, Prof. ALPHONSE, Rue Cuvier, 57, Paris........--- 1883 Newton, Prof. ALFRED, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Eng..1883 *PARKER, Prof. WILLIAM KITCHEN, London...--.+++-++++++++e+e eee 1883 PeLzeLn, Dr. AuGust von, Oberdébling, Vienna..----++--.+++++ + 1883 Satvaport, Prof. Count Tommaso, Zo6]l. Museum, Turin, Italy. --1883 SaLvIN, OsBerT, Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Haslemere, England.....-. 1883 SauNDERS, Howarpb., 7 Radnor Place, Hyde Park, London, W...... 1884 *SCHLEGEL, Prof. HERMANN, Leyden, Holland......----+-----+++- 1883 ScLaTer, Dr. Poirier LurLey, 3 Hanover Sq., London, W.......-- 1883 SreeBouM, Henry, 6 Tenterden St., Hanover Sq., London, W...... 1884 SHARPE, RicHARD Bowpter, British Museum, South Kensington, TOnGOms Sal Wrsielovoletelototelaleleleteleotol=lavlole te atratalolesolvei-Ueletsi-lollstelelel eke 1883 *T ACZANOWSKI, Dr. L., Warsaw, Russia. o-s+-0s---ces sees svceecenss 1884 WaLLace, Prof. ALFRED RussEL, Nutwood Cottage, Frith Hill, Godalming, England....------e+esseeeee cece cess ce eece cere 1883
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
ALFaro, ANASTASIO, Director National Museum, San José, Costa
Raat chelevetielereleteterocietetcictcleteleielsicleRekehele(sloietetetol-t-telelotolelelet-tet-lietetet-lePerate 1888 Atrum, Dr. C. A., Eberswalde, Germany..--.....-----+----.---- 1884. ANDERSON, Dr. JoHN, India Museum, Calcutta....-..----+++-++++-- 1884. BaLpAmus, Dr. Epuarp, Moritzzwinger, No. 7, Halle, Germany--.1584 BLAKISTON, Capt. THomas W., London, Ohio......---+-+-..-.+++++- 1883 BLANFORD, W. T., Arts Club, London............-2+2+-eceecececes 1884 BuLAsius, Dr. RUDOLPH, Brunswick, Germany..-...---------+---+--+- 1884 BLAsius, Dr. WILHELM, Brunswick, Germany.....--.-...---- 4+. 1884 *BOGDANOW, Prof. Dr. Moprst N., Moscow..............--...s0:- 1884 Brooks, W. E., Milton, Ontario, Canada........---.2+ee-+eeeeceees 1886 BuLLER, Sir WALTER LAwry, I5 Victoria St., Westminster, Lon-
don, S. W..-- aise. ieiintepialtevetellene! chakereuel sie late: lej's ta oiteyeketoteqetelera\oveheeveninte tere 1883 BuREAU, Dr. Louis, Ecole de Médicine, Nantes, France............. 1854. Butter, Lieut.-Col. E. A., Herringfleet Hall, Lowestoft, England..1884 BurriKoFER, Dr. J., Leyden, Holland...........+-seeee eee eeeeeeee 1886 CLARKE, Wm. EAGLE, Science and Art Museum, Edinburgh....... 1889 CoLiett, Prof. Ropert, Zodlogical Museum, Christiania, Norway.1883 Cooper, Dr. J. G., Haywards, Californias occis ¢ cyst witcte eeeteletistesereterershere 1884 CorbDEAUX, JouNn, Great Cotes, Ulceby, Lincolnshire, England..-.. 1884 DALGLEISH, JOHN J., 8 Atholl Crescent, Edinburgh........--...... 1883 Davip, L’Abbé ARMAND, Rue de Sevres, 95, Paris..----------.-.-- 1883 Dorr, SANFORD B., Honolulu, Hawaiian Ids... ces. s ee. cos wee 1888 Dusots, Dr. ALPHONSE, Museum Nat. History, Brussels........... 1884
* Deceased,
Corresponding Members. xiii
Ducis, Prof. ALFREDO, Colegio del Estado, Guanajuato, Mexico...-1884
Ecut, ApoLPH BACHOFEN von, Nussdorf, near Willen ice ctocralrsicie. #0 1884 Fatro, Dr. Vicror, Geneva, Switzerland....--+e-eeeeeee esse recess 1884 FreLpen, Lieut.-Col. H. W., West House, Wells, Norfolk, Eng- ahi Meee emi Hod Do ddb op Roads UoOU.DOb00 OCC Dr noon Grr nor 1884. FeRRARI-PEREZ, Prof. FERNANDO, Naturalist Mexican Geol. Expl. Commission, Pueblo, MexicO..+.-+ esse cece ee reece eee ee cece 1885 FreKE, Percy Evans, Rosemount, Dundrum, County Dublin, Ire- [atin ninerctok te lioteiniy chelelete cto sicreyarefistsysisie BIA on Hoterercielarsiclehevsialevsie 1883 Gapow, Dr. Hans, Zoélogical Museum, Cambridge, England...-. 1884 GIRTANNER, Dr. A., St. Galle, Switzerland...-...-2.eeeeee eee eeees 1884.
Gopman, F. Du Cane, 10 Chandos Street, Cavendish Sq., London. .1883 Gopwin-Austen, Lieut-Col. H. H., Shalford House, Guilford, Eng-
Tere eee rear era ctovetal cssvalccebetaiels eleilele, s.elsy sia: e) steVeolle.oxets|oiets 1884 GRANDIDIER, ALFRED, 6 Rond-Point des Champs Elysées, Paris.--- -1883 Gurney, Joun Henry, Keswick Hall, Norwich, England....------+ 1883 * Haast, Dr. Jutius von, Christchurch, New Zealand...-++++-+++++- 1884 Harcirr, Epwarp, Broadwater Lodge, Broadwater, Worthing,
Sussex, England.....-----+ssecece certs cee c eect es ce cecccece 1884. Hartinc, JAMes Epmunp, Linnean Society, Burlington House, Pic- cadilly, London...+- +++. ++seeceecreeceseeece cess Sat orate eral 1883 Harvie-BrRown, JOHN A., Dunipace House, Larbert, Stirlingshire, SaiilaiGloascao ooo 0000 0 pUO DO UDO nOUb COD OOO Od HOODOmO moO CKO 1883 HAYEK, Dr. GUSTAV VON, Vienna..---.- see ee erect ee eee ee ttre eces 1884 Ilenson, Harry V., Yokohama.....+-+++++++-+-++- Biota ah ale tava\ Sheela rsteley sts 1888 Hous, Dr. EMIL, Vienna...-+ eee cece ee ee cent tees eee te cece cece 1884 * Homeyer, Dr. E. F. von, Stolp, Germany..---++++++- Paferetersvstasiciecs 1884 KNUDSON, VALDEMAR, Kauai, Hawaiian Ids...-----++++eeeeeecerees 1888 KRUKENBERG, Dr. E. F. W., Wiirzburg, Germany..----++++-+++e+++>- 1884 Kriiper, Dr. THeowaLp J , University Museum, Athens, Greece..--1854 Layarp, E. L., H. B. M. Consul, Noumea, New Caledonia...-.---- 1884 LyrrLeton, Tuomas, Lord Litrorp, Lilford Hall, Oundle, Eng- lehn@loseces Ree TaD REE OO Ot CITC AERO IO Ben Be pee a are 1889 McFartane, RoBert, Winnipeg, Manitoba.-.... eiSfapahsteisiafe lai’ sistoislie-aiere 1886 MaparAsz, Dr. Juttus von, National Museum, Budapest, Hungary. 1884 Matnoeoren, Dr. A. J., University, Helsingfors, Finland ..-.--- oo 1804 *MARSCHALL, Graf. A. F., Vienna..-..-seeeee rece cree secre ec eeeee 1884 Menzsier, Dr. M., Moscow. .------ Apatotercteyercieieis's Bye sie siaic, ercvaevevsiereisiste|s 1884 Meyer, Dr. A. B., K6nigl. Zool. Museum, IDyraselamecastoasosausboud 1884 Muppenporr, Dr. A. von, Dorpat, Russia..+++-.++esseeeee ese eeeees 1884 Moyjsisovics, Dr. A. von, Gratz, Austria........ Byertspenavs ovata sekeoouleent NamtyeE, M., Tokio...---- Fae ae eI PBA tao SYevelsts| shana ats oa. viciasiLOoo NICHOLSON, FRANK, 62 Fountain St., Manchester, England.......--- 1884 Oates, E. W., 6 Tenterden St., Hanover Sq., London......+---+--- 1884
OustaLer, Dr. Emite, Jardin des Plantes, 55 Rue de Buffon, Paris. 1883
* Deceased
Xiv Associate Members.
Patmén, Prof. J. A., Helsingfors, Finland's: si. ssi sa eee eee 1883 Puiviprr, Dr. R. A., Santiago, Chili--..0--.0- eee cece eee eee eens 1884 *PRJEVALSKI, General N. M., St. Petersburg... --...--s025- cece eee 1884 *PRYER, HARRY, Yokohama....---seeee cece eet cece ee cent eee eens 1884 RappeE, Dr. GustAv FERDINAND, ‘litlis, Russia....-.----++e2-+ +e 1884 Ramsey, E. P., Sydney, New South Wales. .------ +--+ 2+++++eeeeeees 1884 ReicHENow, Dr. ANTON, KG6nigl, Mus. fiir Naturkunde, Invaliden Str., 43, Berlin. ...-.eeee cece cece ee eee cece eee eee ee cee cees 1884 RINGER, FrRepDERIC, Nagasaki, Japan..-----+-++eeee eee ee cece eee oe 1888 ScHRENCK, Dr. LEopoLp VON, St. Petersburg.-----.--+---+-+++--+eees 1884 Sertys-Loncscuamps, Baron EpMonpD DE, Liége, Belgium........--. 1884 *SEVERTZOW, Dr. N., MOSCOW..«-- +. cece ree cece cece cee cece ete e sees 1884 SHALOw, Dr. HERMAN, 31 Paul Str., N. W., Berlin .....-...-----+-:- 1884 SHELLEY, Capt. G. E., 6 Tenterden St., Hanover Sq., London.....-- 1884 * SrEVENSON, HEeNRy, Norwich, England......--..--+2+++++++-e- 1884 THEEL, Dr. HjALMAR, University of Upsala, Upsala, Sweden..------ 1884 TrisTRAM, Rev. Canon H. B., The College, Durham, England....-.. 1884 Tscuus1 zu SCHMIDHOFFEN, Count Vicror RITTER VoN, near Hal- lein, Salzburg, Austro-Hungary.--- +--+ -+ee eee cece cece ee eens 1884 WATERHOUSE, F. H., 3 Hanover Square, London, W.....-...---+--- 1889 WuarTon, Henry T., 39 St. George’s Road, Kilburn, London, N. W. 1884 ZELEDON, Don José C., San José, Costa Rica----+++eeee eee eeeeees 1884
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.
ADAMS, ©: Ps, Champaton,, DWF crete rtete rele ie oes am sole lol tel tee ey = 18g0 Avney, E. T., 42 East 20th St., New York City.................. 1885 ALLEN, Dr. CHARLES S., 21 East 28th St., New York City..... - TSS ALLEN, Francis H., West Roxbury, Mass..-------+--+--+-+.+-0--- 1888 AMERY, CHARLES F., ‘Forest and Stream’ Pub. Co., 318 Broadway, New York City.-..-.... secs e cece cece cece ce eee cece eee eeeee 1886 Antuony, A. W., Los Angeles, Gala. ct wie eles 0 re ches ere rete eee 1885 ArcHER, W. C., 252 7th St., Jersey City, N. J..--- +--+ --s20..00200- 1888 ATKINS, Dr. H. A: Wocke, Inghami@or) Mich. --)- 1-1 eeu reer 1883 ATKINS, J. W., Key West, Florida.... 1... 0.2. .se++2 020+ ceceeecreee 1887 AVERILL, C. K., Jr., Bridgeport, Conn..--..-..-- 2522 0.02 eee eerie 1885 Avery, Dr: Wm. C., Greensboro. Alase-<=.---- «so oe eee 1887 AYER, Ep. E., 234 South Water Sty 1Chicaro Mller -ptemreeniertte 1889 BACON, CARRINGTON C., Bell, Christian Co., Ky..-------.-....... 1890 BAGG, EGBERT, 187 Genesee St.) Utica, Nee Nie. mete eietaerea terri 1883 BAILEY, VERNON, Blk Ritvier, sMiimmn se tect sictcinrcicieieisetoretencieeiete iarer iain 1887 Baiuy, Cras. E., Winchendon), Missi. eiectericierstenstetreteterereleit aetertre 1890 Batty, Wm. L., Wynnewood Sta., Philadelphia, Pa................. 1885 BANGS; Ee A) 31 Pemberton Sq: Boston, Masce-nee-e-rtoee eee 1884 BANGS, OUTRAM, 31 Pemberton Sq:, Boston, Masse sccm: sities 1884
* Deceased.
Assoctate Members. XV
EU TSSS 9 eGo atl Cel Une et er helio ce Sette. O cia tee a a ae 1887 BARNARD, JOB, 500 5th St., N. W., Wiasbiinictoms Dei Caec << 5 ac cre. 1886 ee sy won. Macaca s Diltss « «ener Aawtoretayersiersiel & sisrarsrale ove 1889 BHAT obi... L.. Wunenibumore Mass acnyaceny er eiceerctecice atsie croit/aieie 6 «fey 1887 BEARD, DANIEL C., 110 Fifth Ave., New York (ChivetocproeooeD page 1887 BEARD, J. CARTER, 3474 Quincy!St.; BrooklynviN. Vises. 208 5... o:50% 1889 BeeireAM. Cs. W.5. Bardsto waity Woy -.s,. -ljeiclttel «toatl cra! o ld, sin'silye 0 2% 1883 PAE Tes PANUE Sie sane Gainesvalllessilaeccitee eecieceeicte tre Gecitics sol den css 1889 BELLows, Ep. D., 2154 4th St., ers LOnin 7g INS I-60 succes dooSonDOuOr 1889 BENNER, FRANKLIN, 517 Nicollet Ave., Minneapolis, Minn......... 1883 BeNNERS, Geo. B., 2048 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.......+....+.+-- 1889 BENSON pe Leuitmdes Ce, Up osrA.ciWiest, Polite, News merci aistetscrteiee cele 1886 Nay CRE AUIRG © oo atm tore, NaS Soave; <ey oreva io Slencicvo e olererarerel lo atevele Sieialeve’s 1889 BERGHOLD. Sine Ee SOnA liens Sits. Biiraillon Ni Nise ae« islet ele ela ae 1889 BERIER,, DELAGNEL, Bay Ridge, Kings Con, N. Y..02..-.222s-ses 1885 Bini C MARIE Sms nimetelides (Nia SSixc<\s\/<)<i6 cf-%e7.c1 vier leie a © coin 6 she 2-5 ¢ 1889 BISHOP Dr weOuIs bs box225. eNews Haven, Con: «1... -= =< cele 1885 BOMRIDVIAINGT Ga Ase Gallanisas Miaiimetel. <i dats mete s Sieie.c 4 3 alchats tape aleve w aievevavagtes 1883 SOG HRS elon ie byline Queens Cory IN) Vie oeiserss stereo 4) «1clotsiaicleial « 1889 BOEERS hE danvand Collese, (Gambridae, Mass...--- --<<.2s 2 -- 1889 BOND RANK. ©Meve nile: Why Oli ised clejei\e)s\s)alele «cles its) c a= 1887 Bombo inlAminsy Ibs, Snopes (Giliy, llOnelon do oncaoobondooDDoO deo oaodaur ck 1890 BRON WOUeIal, 134 She) IMIS. INE NG@idooend panodccen cba pabacrod coGunaOOnC 1890 BRAORO RIDE Meee lae leanONGe i Ces bem [spaate ola leis ala) =!-00) slclelclss1 le) s = s)<4siehe 1889 IS RVAINID EEL, we ERUACNIRGE LIN y SINS | SIMS s UN Io) Nejelailais's «sellel= ciel ale lols elec! s/o) + «10s 1886 BRASHER, REGINALD I., 10 East 33d St., New York City............ 1889 JBinsinciag Mis Iles lesihis shout e(Coy, IN asco gomoce po oocd sooobDne 1888 PRUNE RO te Sumy ale le NGC rare = ca'a'alaye cir ata lele ais\e clelele « tcnlasas'sie (eval 1888 BROCKUNIER, SAML. H., Wheeling, West Virginia................. 1889 DROW, IMREe, Wiveonuy Jit ouklonpcoode op coco CODoOD Deo0 KeOeme 1885 BROWN, HUBERT He, 445) Yonge St., Doronto, Can...-....--.-..-.. 1889 Brown, JOHN CLIFFoRD, 85 Vaughan St., Portland, Maine......... 1888 BROWNE. PVANRH Gr Eynatminehia mis; Mass. ess jaes win meee «scree oe se 1883 Bien, Rae) iAlo, (Canton, Olovi@s > cnscacccioooconoouoDo co OUEe 1889 EULER AMOSm Wer soo kyiililesmlim Getetarrerstecctstsucuslolelele| = elelee! soi ofelovel-tave 1885 CAIRNS, JOHN S., Weaverville, N. C....--.---+2---ee ee cece ee ew eene 1889 CAMPBELL, ELARRY (©: Lansineburs, Rens: Co: N- Y¥. -....-.-... 1890 CANTWELL, GEoRGE G., Colorado Springs, Col.........-.......... 1889 (Cin, (GshGe lho, 0 Siete Sin, Mnchisomy, WiSsocceo0 cope Gs boUbboG . 1890 CHAMBERLAIN, C. W., 51 Lincoln St., Boston, Mass......-.--...... 1885 CuHuRCHILL, Geo. B., 47 Wellington St., Worcester, Mass........... 1890 Ci Ant, Eka IDR I Nanlovendsing AWIAISIS ob on ocodGUGo dbo mod edGeonD Oboe 1886 Cxark, J. N., Saybrook, Conn...----- 2-22 sees cece cette cece eens 1885 CLARKE, Prof. S. F., Williamstown, Mass........--+--+++-- see. 1890 CLute, WILLARD N., 11 Jarvis St., Binghamton, N. Y...+..-....... 1889
* Deceased.
Xvi Associate Members.
COALE; HK 131 Wabash Aves, Ghicaco; elillit-c-rrectsecrisii niece 1883 =Con;. W. Wes Portland, Connsace« scciescsicris ee hero eee eee 1883 COLBURN, W. W.,, spring tield) Mass. t-retere + /e1e1- wlafeleletaielae atetapncetateteis 1889 Corsy, Epwarp A., 4130 Drexel Boulevard, Chicago, IIl........... 1886 COLEMAN, GEo. A., South Auburn, Nemaha Co., Neb......-----s- 1888 CoLrins, Capt. J. W., Smiths. Inst., Washinston, DEG xae eter 1888 Coron, Wim IN:, Biddeford: Mies svc «tone rare tarsi clots clelelete rete tereretctetoietetetote te 1859 Comeau, Nap. A., Godbout, P. .Q., Can... --.-c+02+scccenscescccs 1885 CONKLIN, Dr. Wm. A., Director of Menagerie, Central Park, New Ndi (Gili ooomaoabor ODD oOFO BUD oO soso Mob conGDod CaDKoo0dC 1885 Cook, Prof. Cuas. B., Agricultural College P. O., Ingham Co., MiIGh:S ois. 635 ois. 5 did 10 Sree ere sid, se te als ener DE ee ele oe EE ELE 1890 Coomes, PRAWK 1... PattersonssWarca- meson eee eee 1890 Corr; ALBAN, Germantown) [Bass -cretises coer eee oe eee eee 1885 Coprrannp, Aq M., Sprinctield, lass sere cryaclellelsi atelier rite 1889 Cougs, ELLiotT Bairpb, care of Dr. E. Coues, Smiths. Inst., Wash- iieh cree B Ea Of nricromor OO OOOO PIGAEA CII Oc.cGio ons ho4 6s Our ood 1886 Cours, WM. PEARCE, 14 Ash St., Cambridge, Mass................- 1888 Cox; DG: 367 OntariolSt.. Loronto, Canse-cee ee ei ee eee eee 1888 Cox, Purp; Newcastle, New Brunswick: ici lie ieee ee 1887 CuLyeErR, Col. JoHN Y., Room 150, Potter Building, New York City. 1890 CuRTIS; PRED W.., Waliwatosaty Wisse stoleletisietevciecicicielsitaicieeiercree erianee 1889 DAENZER, CARL, 13) North 3d"St-; -St-- Wauisy Moses sl ceeerieecrers 1888 DAGGERT. MRANK19-. J ilmths slime tere a ote terete ete com eecreioere ceeteinieteie: 1889 IDIAINAY ECOYA VWabnents| OT Orarcterecieieleierteleleonetetoleietelslote ee einee eet eerie 1889 DAviE. OLIVER, Columbus; Ohio ac..cc sei een caren 1889 Davis, F. J., 4 Noyes St:, Utica, Ne Wostorwie sec erro ete cee etter 1890 Davis: GEO: As, Mexico, Ni, Wise cisions itereraievepevenee ice = Sere ee iemterioe 1890 DAVISON, )- 2s, Lockport Niasaral ©onumNe eter retiree tleete eer eee 1885 DELARIELD,.)/ OSE PENIS a7 nus tin Avie -nmN Gwe Xone Gilt velieryeteteteiotetenere yer: 1888 DENNE, Davip, 104 St. Francois St., Montreal, Canada............. 1890 DENStOW, H.C. 6 Edmond st. RochestemmNeevian-caeie elicits 1889 DickINSON, DWAIN, Springitield Masseetel-tetetelteriatte lteter tenet tleieeta ay 1885 DOUGLAS, BERT H., Burline ton), Wansaseeeets- cies cter ete reer 1890 DREW, DRANK M.-, Blooming tom) | Linders lelel-) lalate ele olei-here ten ieree ieee 1885 DURFEE, OWEN, 56 Maple St., Hall) River Massime-- seein ieee 1887 DurtcuHer, BAsit Hicks, 525 Manhattan Ave., New York City....... 1886 DycHe, Prof.L. L:, Lawrence, Kansas«ccete eneiectierinieenenr reir 1886 HAMES, Epwin H., 228 Court St., Cincinnati) Ofer e ee cotenetene 1888 BATON, ALVAH Aq, Dunlap, Callay ries iqelesionticte r MeborstoreOele lac tenn 1890 Eppy, N. A.; 615 North Grant St., Bay City, Michigan’... .-.5..2).0.. 1885 EDSon, JOHN M.2) Sehome, Washi etomberererieteteateteteletetets(eletialitettee rs 1886 *ELLIOTT; 5S. LOWELL; South Brooklyn; Ne Y¥omemesemoes stitebier cites 1888 Emerson, W. Orro, Haywards, Cala), icieccseroptereveri-eie serie oie ets 1885 EVANS, EVAN Mo, lnglewood; IN]: «> + ccirtetiei-itetecteisa tannin 1888
* Deceased,
Assoctate Members. XVil
EVANS, SAMUBLWC., Jr, Riversides Galat ‘te dese sects ss sie de ons 1889 EMERINUANIN bof. (ba Wi anbenie tlaten Umdh stave cilete afer ¢ ¢s.0« «cles «ete 1883 FAIRBANKS, Hon. PRANKLIN, St. Johwsburyy Viti ees esses ees aes 1885 FANNIN, JOHN, Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C...-.......-..+.-- 18S8S BERINAED aNOBERD EC iOEOnOw Meuse iteeie terres teneeerstelee oo vieietercieteln che 1890 RIGGINS, 1D... 429°P’ Sti INeAV.; ‘Washington: DiC... estes os os etcans 1889 FrsHeR, WM. HuBBeLL, 12 Wiggins Block, Cincinnati, Ohio........ 1883 Print; H. W., Yale National Bank, New Haven, Conn............. 1888 MIGUNGGS WIN wk. Mi tde rag nesnot! Go.) Callan.c sc eciceism etic sense cece ce 1890 PORBUSH; (pw. H., 424, Main)St., Worcester, Mass. -02< <2 vetoes os 1887 Fox, Dr. Wn. H., 1826 Jefferson Place, Washington, D. C...........- 1883 FREEMAN, Wo. H., 216 Reid Ave., BRO hyn INE NAc Sina0s obo ooonEs 1889 FurNess, WALTER ROGERS, Wallingford, Delaware Co., Pa......... 1888 GALE, Denis, Gold Hill, Boulder Co., ‘Colorado...s:.-2.-. +2. eee. 1S86 GAUL EBay ie rospect hark. Dupage (Con. Millis. cies emesis ete claciiee 1885 (GESNE Reever cee baer SNOT SINS SINI5 X02 10 o's 1s crores iors wiei one aaronen Mle yee ere 1885 GILBERT, CARLETON, 323 West Main St., Jackson, Mich............. 1889 GoopALeE, Jos. L., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.......... 1885 Goss] Be Be, Pewaukee, Waukesha Col, Wis..-- 0 sf. 2 theese coco ee cvs 1883 GouLD, JosEPH E., 2813 North High St., Columbus, Ohio........... 1889 (GieANn NOa ba LOS HO NAMEl SEs INC Ws YOnK G@i ty. ecclesia) see stared este 1890 GRANT. Wr S:,)200) West roth) St., Minneapolis,, Miimimze)5 <i ses cree 1885 GREEN, MORRIS M.; 410 Graves St., Synacuse, N.Y.--...-..---- .+-- 1886 GREGG, Or WM. EH. 143 West'21st St, New York City vei.20. os. 1883 FVAG OH RUPE Ae (Greenland) pa Vilbore, WD emmlatkeecl. cl. o/c siete atelaiclee eters 1888 JSUNIEFaS, lalinagiR ven, IKE KEM OLaYl IN in |[hooono oe Sooo douednuooacKn oNem er 18g0 HUAN MERE GG) Burnside “Cont: cess nurses sorcieukeethe’s Gevcribere slooed 1888 EPARIDYAU MUISS ANNIE ia bbe wel Wailme «i... < scccms sae s see ce celtics 1886 FAR YGUNLAN TE Yah ESE Wilts, VIALE sole. sticl siorehe: oxoss sie yoUel siete aide c stepsed glove oe 1883 Harte, Cuas. R., Columbia College, New York City..-............ 1890 HAsBROUCK, EDWIN M., 1303 Corcoran St., Washington, D.C...... 1887 HAVE wEoOuls ,OIMcibertye Stay News YCOLK: Cit yi rcjei- ele!) afel-jcrcse/aelelsio 1888 IHL At riLiT, AN abs Wihnellainel nis |iscdo6 coponncy opopapsautducducdsoauce 1886 LAZARD heey Grit 2 GR eACer DD Ules PRR i Mtre ees, charts a's lal vernies apel ayer sceleie« srosifen ec 1885 IBIS DRE Ts Dt iln s-, 04) DivIStOMmo tes aMinoiya; Nip Xicerriascielcials/ >) eheratee 1888 Hiri, ARTHUR be. Millers) Places Suttolk Co. Niwa. «60-0 1888 Henpricxson, W. F., 860 Broadway, New York City ............... 1885 Hicks, Haney, Westbury Station, Queens Co.) NY. >.-.. 226... .5. 1888 HireKS; sOHNED) Old Westbury, Queen's! Core Nay Yisecin et «= et- «2 ),)-) 010 1888 Hiceins, ALGERNON S., 1227 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y......-..... 1888 Hiné, Mrs. JANE L.. Sedan, Ind... 2. --- eee e cence eens cence ee tees 1890 HoLteroox, Judge S. T., Norwich, Conn. - --- 22%). abi). oie sini eles wes os 1885 LLOMMANGLCATP Edo. VORECESLCIs) MUS Seriereetercre cial ole aAlclsiapls artic wos es %ho 18go Hotes, E. S., 103 Ottawa St., Grand Rapids, Mich,.............-.- 1885 jLionanamEoma, (Gah) Iie, Ibe Aneelles,) (Crile og dots Soe pacisuedinup unger 1883
HoLziInG_er, JOHN M., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.1887 Hoopes, Jostan, West Chester, Pa...-..--.+eeceeeee sce wreeseneees 1889
XVill Assoctate Members.
HORNADAY, W. T:, Butlalo, Noo. « ocr cece cuoeh ee eee eae eee 1888 HOuUGH. ROMBEYN,B.. Gowville, Ni Ysa reieieusse cis eleiate eeiereneiereene ieeteaers 1883 Howect, ARTHUR H., 212 Madison St., Brooklyn, N.Wo52-----.-..- 1889 * HOWLAND, SNOWDON, Newport, Re Woeetemie en -cteruecjepeteyelerie rae 1883 Hows Dir Pe Rig RaAcimes Wisi eevee) tote) one ofelleroter~: cys etells] ome reraae cere ena 1883 Hoyre, CHARLES EB...) Millburry, Mass... 111. ow ~ clots) eto ctl oteas iter ieie 1889 Hown., WANs E.. stamford: (Commence wiejere chee iolel te ore svete Hee eee ola’ 1888 HGEn, WATER B.., Milwaukee, Wisi tee ecaerst eters) crs eierervarern atin te crate 1889 Murp. EHEO: D., Riverside. Calan icscic.« orsevcoshe ore oe romtahnar enti telat 1890 HURTER, fuLIUS, 2346 South roth St... St. Louis, Nose =. seis eset 1888 Fivosrer, Dr. J. C.,; Lanesboro, Minnie = erie i116 ome CAS Gate oa 1885 INGALES, CHARLEes E., Bast Templeton, Massiac .cclre nicer eae 1885 INGERSOLL, ALBERT, M:, Box 7n2; San Dieso: iCalam. 2 =e circa 1885 [INGRAEC ANE, ID: Ps. i linaizas Niko arscrs.cussehe e. anete Susystele ey relcierbe erence rer iene 1889 I eisSonin Asoiss Iulog WES (Clnesitem, 124s ood nus coos a sonenoomscousodeos 1888 Jacoss, J. WARREN, Wen aneSoiiners, IPisaoncoooaagneooogdccnsaceound sc 18S9 JAMES, How AR DEI. ubCockivallllle> © Onis erarerestote) 21) on-\aysey nel pete deteal ar terete 1888 JARDINE, CHAS. S.,.318 East 39th St.,, New York Citys (mae. sao eeee 1888 Jerrries, Wo. A., 78 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass........./..2..... 1883 JENKS, Profi EW. ik, 31 George St, Providence, Redleaece-sseerer 1888 JENNINGS, ATTEN H:, 2101 Oak Ave., Baltimore, Mido... sce saci 1886 JESURUN, MorDIMER,, Dowgslas, Wiy.O mile ereeir. cnc -ielns ile erereteleiteisiets 18go JOHNSON, AT BERG. bly. de wiles) Witz yee alate l-)elolelNelnieteye relate tee tetera 1885 JouNson, FRANK E., Parkville, Kings Co., N.Y..... BN See ecss eet. 1888 Jounson, Frep. O., Oakland Cala..... Bade Lees SxS SS JouNnson, Prof. ©. Bo, Seattle, Washincton)..-r clei steer ieee 1885 Jonms; Lynps, Grinnell, Towels «= aise cieyerwitrse pepe teehee aielelers aires 1888 JOISESh WU Aet ofS 1855 Sralhe ee (Cnty, Wirieccouccscsudsoscsccocéasecc 1890 JORDAN AG HE BS, Willsborough, HssexiConmNes Niece tole re ISss }ORBOVNISG TEIN Do Shon, les Koxoromitnredtiornl; Winol Sass 5 waco cocuonsccacdsoneas 1885 OWA IES sg SVen tov Minisiies Mieavslootorentoyng ID (Cocsco sosonceossosacosue 1883 KSELER, CHAREES Aq, Berkeley. Alameda, Cor @alape-ciepetiste seer 1889 KELTOGG, VERNON L:, JlaiwireinGes iat arveyls,ctexsnesere abene ce tecneaeteree rene eee 1888 KENDALL, W. C., U. S. Fish Commission, Washington, D. C....... 1886 KInG, GrorGEe | GoRDON Newport, Re Weve) eis) ilete reeeisieee eee 1888 KNOWLTON, F. Hi.) U.eS. Nat. Mus:, Washington, D. @.2 e-em 1883 Koun, GUSTAVE, 14 Carondelet St., New Orleans, La.........-.... 1886 KUuMEIEN, Lupwic,; Summer, Wis. .--5-6 soca eee nee eee 1888 {KUMLIEN, “CT RURE, “Milwaukee, Wi18..«< «ces it.-ts cc eicremiateretee ciee cleereiae 1883 AnH, OAM en B:, Wess ‘Chester, Pa.,-2<-.a.< acon entice ee EOE nee 1889 Vamp, CHARLES R., Cambridge, Mass. 3«s0.0ceosieie eet ere eenee 1885 IANO, ALBERT. Madisoné, Minn. j.s.s<1e0«.e soniene eee Conon 1890 IGANG Zs enOte Ost Miamhattans (Kansas else eee mene 1885 LAWRENCE, FRANK M., Moriches P. O., Suffolk Co., N. Y...-...... 1888 LAWRENCE, Rost. B., Mills Building, New York City.............. 1883
* Deceased.
Assoctate Members. xix
LAWRENCE, RoBertT Hor, Humptulips, Washington....---+-+++++- 1890 LAWRENCE, Hon. Wo. M., 51 Liberty St., New York City..-.....-. 1888 Wem wise Ba (Gs, Hartford COMM cre. ie clelote eleleleielelelaletieloralasae: «1s! ajalis la! cele eke 1888 We WISS) VV Me dbl. sea Will Ge tap leo ls talsts eltateye ele oe) atetoverelicrotare ralavolie's) Sis) ¥)oFet in te 1890 Lewis, Joun B., Eubanks, Pulaski Co., Ky.----+--+- eee eee eee eee 1890 *LINDEN, Prof. CHARLES, Buffalo, N. Y.---- eee see eee cece eee eens 1885 UO MD. WILLDAM - Miartass Dh exalSisic ic sc efels lolslere)eallsilorpiact sl alleella sveceta che: \elie)« 1885 Lockwoop, Dr. SAm’L, Freehold, N. J... +--+ ees eee cece ee ee cece ees 1890 GONG: ts Bus loake Witew:, INGaSSe, si cse 2-0 «or oseilelote lonatere, oipvetbnatehete = a yasallee fo «(als 1889 Loomis, JoHN A., Paint Rock, Concho Co., Texas...++.-+++0+e++0+4 1887 oomis, Lnvernier M.. Ghester SiGe. ois. 5. cciereciei be 30 ecrets oieioiel 1883 Lorine, J. ALDEN, Owego, N. Y.-- +222 ee ee cee cece eee teri eeeees 1889 Lucas, Freperic A., U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C....-..---- 1888 Lucas, Wo. H., Bridgeport, Conn... ..-..--. cess eee e nec e ce eeees 1889 *MABBETT, GIDEON, Rodney, Jefferson Co., Miss.--+.-.++++++2+-+4: 1888 MACGILLIVRAY, ALEeEx. D., Cornell Univ., Ithdca,{N: Y.-°:. 0 ..0...: 18go Mackay, Prof. A. H., Halifax Academy, Nova Scotia...-...+++.-+--- 1885 WiNGKAW. (Grow He Namtucket, NiaSSs 1.6 <)e)c5 0/0) 0 wfeltd aha chapels ores wiblels)wlese 1890 Macoun, Prof. J., Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Ottawa, Can......-.- 1883 McGreeoor, R. C., 2841 Champa St., Denver, Col.....--.....--..-. 1889 MCLENNAN, CHaAs. A., Truro, Nova Scotia... eon 0.2%. cist seein cose 1889 MAITLAND, RosertT L., 70 Broad St., New York City....+-+--.+++-+- 1889 Matt, CHarces M., 329 Broadway, New York City. ..--+..---+++-05- 1889 MARSHALL, ALFRED, 115 Liberty St., New York City.....-. Bos ehalei te 1886 Mason, Epwarp C., Arlington, Mass...---+-++ee.e ee eee creer eee 1888 MATHER, SIDNEY G., Morristown, N. J.-----++22 sees cece eee eee ee 1890 MERRIAM, Miss FLORENCE A., Locust Grove, Lewis Co., N. Y. .----1885 Merrit, Harry, Bangor, Maine:s..-------ee este eee e eee ee cece 1883 METCALFE, W™. C., 21 Cortlandt St., New York City........-...-. 1886 Miteer, G. S., Jr., Peterboro, N.Y... 2. e eee e teen tee cece eee eee 1886 Miccer, Mrs. Orive THORNE, 244 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y..----- 1887 *MrNoT, H. D>; Sts Paull, ~ Mimi. << cio cic wc 5 5c ceicte oe) dhe wretese wie ole ore one's 1883 Moore, J. Percy, 1931 Judson Place, Philadelphia, Pa...------+++-- 1886 Morcom, G. Fream. 870 North Park Ave., Chicago, 1 acre ein ice 1386 Morris, Geo. SPENCER, Olney, Philadelphia, Pa.-...-.+-++.++++--- 1887 Morris, Rost. O., Springfield, Mass...--+-+.-see sete eee tee eect eens 1888 MortTiMer. BENJAMIN, 348 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.....-.-- 1888 Murvocu, JOHN, Smiths. Inst., Washington, D Cus. .l eee eee ee eee 1883 NicHotas,: Dr. -GeorGE LAWRENCE, 1627 Madison Ave., New York City... - cece cece ce cence ce rece ce te qancleer ad eeeleeilses 1888 NIcHo is, J. M., Middletown, Conn...-.+-++eee+ eee eee cree cere ress 1890 Norris, J. PARKER, 723 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.........--.---: 1886 Norrnrop, Dr. JNo. I., Columbia College, New York City-...----- 1890 Norton, ARTHUR H., Saccarappa, Me.- +--+ eee e te eee eee ee eee es 1890
Norton, RicHarbD, Cambridge, Mass...---+-222+seeee cree cee eeeeee 1888
* Deceased.
xx Assoctate Members.
OBERHOLSER” HIARRY C©., Wooster, Ohi ire ose cle siecle chetseletehsielelereterciat= 1888 OxtpricuT, CHAS. D., Austin, Texas..-..eeeeeeceeeeeeccecees OnOGe 1890 Onc, PLummer L., Milan, Sullivan Co.,.Mo.......2s000 00+ s000000. 1888 Paine, Aucustus G., Jr., Willsborough, N. Vibes bagetnccnaatetetieterererere 1886 Parmer, T. S., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. Cisicwietevese staiere 1888 PALMER, Wmo., U. S. Nat. Mus.. Washington, D.C.................: 1888 PANNEPACKER, D. E., 2513 North 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa......-. 1888 Park, AusTIN F., 31 Boardman Building, Troy, N. Y...---+++------ 1885 PARK) mbes Wainer, TPO ti oo w ereid-kcd sore 'ob, st tie elehote ee oie siete soloist erode 1890 PeaBopy, W. RopMAN, Cambridge, Mass.-----++-e+eeee eer ee eeeees 1Sg0 Peacock, W. F., Marysville, Cala........sseeecee ce eeer cece ee eeees 1888 Peck, E. B., Brockport, N. Y.---- sees cece cece eee eee cece cece eee eees 1890 PEeNNock, C. J., Kennett Sq., Chester Co., Pa..-+-+seseeeeeeeee eens 1888 PERKINS, CHAS. E., Hartford, Conn...'....--.+-2+2s+ee-ee esses cence 1888 Perry, Troup ID., 22 Bull St., Savannah, Ga..-.-.-.- 22+ seeee oes 1889 PETERSON, J. P., Luck, Wis..-------- cece cece ec cee cece ce eeececees 1885 Pettit, A. E., 15 Cortlandt St., New York City---...--.--.-2-+---. 1889 Prnpar, L. O., Cynthiana, Ky..-----2--s-2e- secs ese ecw nc cew en cca ce 1886 PLEASANTS, J. H., Jr., 606 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md........----- 1888 PLUMMER, GORDON, 242 Purchase St., Boston, Mass......--..-..--- 1890 PORENOE erof. b Ace Nlambiattaimian aimbot s eteltelagslevoredeleieyclelstelenelteteteretet= 1886 Posson, Nr Fi, Medias Ni. Yossi a cict che clerecepovaectetsve speraralpicien elewonsreyetets 1890 RADE AV ee leake! TOE sity Dllleta sere © aialtests -Netouetonsteteyatehen tener ierekiekaist etter 1890 PrRiLL, Dr. A. G., Sweet Home, Linn Co., Oregon........5......6. 1890 PRIME, Rev. WENDELL, D.D., 38 Park Row, New York City.......-- 1889 RADCLIFFE, CARLETON R., 132 West 58th St., New York City......- 1888 RAGSDARE.)| G. Ee. Gainesville. Mexasie eirevcl peta nleiste teehee tenelcterat Nel leveneters 1885 RAINE, WALTER, Hayden St., Toronto, Can......-..-+-...--...--s- 1889 WATE Die Vi, Ios 260) Count Sits, Witicase Nic \eesis siete tote treiertersitetaeate 1888 RAUB; Dr. Mi. W:. Lancaster, Pace 2:0:css 2: xo: c1 coteystolavevelarel suslerateieperctensrensts 1890 RATHBUN, FRANK R., 40 Franklin St., Auburn, N. Y...........--.. 1883 MAWSON (GALVIN Ic., Norwich,iConin-c-it-iie -ceieiete aeieeeieeee elie 1885 REDDINGTON, ALBERT P., 25 Second St., San Francisco, Cala....... 1890 REED, CHAS. K:, Worcester; Masses «ister cic mieceve crecietcaternstektoneeietereeiete 1890 REED, J). HIARRUS, Chester, Pari) % <1 -jeiel= 66 sin ielts /erei felt reltertel= 1890 RESSELE. CYRUS B:, Excildoun,, Chester Cos,. Baverccctessterisenia ee 1888 RHOADS, SAMUEL Ni, Eladdomfielas No Jet re ales) raelalejeratel-telaleheteletsteteciet= 1885 RICH WHRANK Ic.. Hvanston, Cooki@o., Tlic <icicisr-istste siti arr eats 1886 RICHARDS, JOHN Bron, 8 Barnaby St., Fall River, Mass..........--. 1888 RICHARDSON, JENNESS, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City........ 1888 RicuMonD, Cuas. W., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C..1888 RipGway, JNo. L., U. 8. Geol. Surv., Washington, D.C..........0.. 1890 RIECKER, ERNST, goo South 4th St.. St. Louis, Mo... a> sce sistent 1888 RIKER, C. Bs, south Orange, N.. J. +210. s:sjenesreis 2 oe 6 leone 1885 RILEy, Prof. C. V., U.S. Entomologist, Washington, D. C........ 1885
* Deceased.
Assoctate Members. XXi
FRSTNEES Says gee S WWLIVEin, Org) ING WIP ONL sw RG iillere ofeletttatters clekerelele stoi sfule/s ic clas vis sie eves 1885 RoBBINS, Wm. A., 528 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cala......1888 ROBERTS, We E5503) Bot Ne Wie, Washing tom WeG.- cies. 5 = 1888 ROOSEVELT, THEODORE, Oyster Bay, Queens Co., N. Y...........-- 1888 ROWLAND, THOS., 182 6thyAve., New York Citys osesccsesceete nes 1890 Row ey, J., Jr., Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York Citys. 222s ese eee. 18S9 MUSSEIt 1p GHO. (eal aa Wiest 7th St.) EM lems ly Ueeretete elevate chatetersieleiers 5 1888 SAGE ENR Y, M5 YaleiUiniv., New Eavenk ©onmsss-\ sie es at = 1885 SAUNDHORS Om AM TONn Alineds Genter wNi-) Vac ssleleisteuctstenete! sisiers) slcllsie etait 1889 SICK CHAS) ©. mea USLEUGIEY., Nix [a> ovpoiunis esariniein Gre ole iets ain lole merece ate 1889 SCHENGHE, Miss MATILDE, 034) 16th Sti. Buttalos Ne Yaris <fers cleisl=l «1-1 1889 SCHURR. THEO. A., 66 Grand St., Waterbury, Conn.........--....+. 1888 Soom, Wo Wie, cloSyomielss Suly MOienwrns (Chinigoudacodoatcn coco gnc code 1883 SEE ABRAM) Wisc AGMMOLOM AWN. Jiieicie!o visistiere ete bie Walele sega netic cain e\elayas 1888 Swi, SURI e 1els, IM bie leony Wao oucum Oodode coUOrCOOCOdGKn oocode 1890 Soros Jelendes Ion (lontiehooxeyeds AN) ooosooOeoEoopoperoocodsobcobar 1888 SHARPS VAISS: CAT DAG uve, a Glad brooks slOW=al cre «lei /everelelclcleteleisiese e eleiererefer= 1889 SHELTON GEO: Ay, SEY MOUN, COMM. «vo 0 0ele «eles vide elie) oo visi aielalQisieiels 1888 SHORES, Dr. E. I., Soldiers’ Home, Hampton, Va.......--..-.------ 1883 SISSENERE, Oscar, Foreign Dept. Mutual Life Ins. Co., New York Gilly geveraveke sr etasetorsrerstsyetosato ol a1 ereta(e) olevel aie ies tole el ere] sIviel) =e let siccsia) eveher< 1889 SLADE, JOHN A., 1134 Herkimer St., Brooklyn, N. Y.--.--.......-.. 1888 ‘SMALL, EDGAR A., Hagerstown, Md)... --...5 22000040 clecees cewscins 1883 SMITH, CLARENCE A., care F. M. Chapman, 77th St. & Sth Ave., ISS yy at be apenas yaa crer aie falbe eye's eisiee nlolal Secale! evel sic gfefolcne ace 188g SMITH, HORACE G., Jr., 2918 Lafayette St., Denver, Col.......-.... 1888 SmitH, Dr. HuGH M., 1248 New Jersey St., Washington, D. C......- 1886 SMITH, JAMES E., East Killingly, Conn..........-..---2.+eseeee eee 1889 SmiTH, Puito W., Jr., Mona House, St. Louis. Mo.......--..-+.---+ 1890 SMITH, S. SIDNEY. 59 Wall St., New York City...........-+--22.-4-- 1888 SMYTH, CLIFFORD, 435 East 116th St., New York City.............. 1890 SORNBORGER, JEWELL D., Andover, Mass....---++-.+++++eeeeeeeee eee 1888 SoutHwick, E. B., Arsenal Bldg., Central Park, New York City.-...1888 SPELMAN, H. M., 62 Sparks St., Cambridge. Mass.......----------. 1883 STANTON, Prof. J. Y., Bates College, Lewiston, Me..........-....-- 1883 STEBBINS, EDWARD S., Minneapolis, Minn........+s-sseeeese scenes 1889 STEPHENS, F., Santa Ysabel, San Diego Co., Cala.........--...-.-- 1883 STONE, WITMER, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Pa................. 1885 SER EATORS | Coser Garrerts valent @meredelctateterts aie sielelelel sisal «lel cfe)/sie eel elelesels 1889 Simevonoye,, Iie, We Sha leeminaickoriqe, Will cansco pteonapop0SU Ge se oobo bb God 1889 SMRONG LCE LasE NE Mien VALI W.clLOS AM Vil Smictalcleleletale \eloye late /eleieiolele sle'+) ele! =/e 1889 STupeER, JAcos H., P. O. Box 2417, New York City.--.-.---++-+---- 1888 SuRBER, THAD., White Sulphur Springs, West Va...-.-.--+-.-++++0-- 1890 Swattow, C. W., Willsburgh, Multuoma Co., Oregon.....--++++-- 1890 SWINBURNE, JOHN, Holbrook, Apache Co., Ariz.+-+-++++ee++eeeeeeee 1887
*Deceased.
XXil Associate Members.
TALBOT, D. H., Sioux City, Lowa... sees eeeee eee cece rece en ce enes 1885 TATLOCK, JOHN, Jr., Mutual Life Ins. Co., New York City-.----+---- 1887 TayLor, ALEX. O’D., 124 Bellevue Ave., Newport, R. I.......-..-. 1888 TAYEOR, HARRY R.., Alameda, Calla icve c aiciescin wie «= rctelaialoleialainiellniestelsto vate 1889 TENNANT, Epw.. Attleboro Falls, Mass...-----0---0ss.+-02+ ssecosns 188g Tuompson, Ernest E., 86 Howard St., Toronto, Can....».........- 1883 THomPson, FRANK J., Zodlogical Garden, Philadelphia, Pa...-.---- 1885 TuHorne, Capt. PLATTE M., 22d Inf. U. S. A., Ft. Keogh, Montana. .1885 THURBER, E. CARLETON, Alhambra, Cala...-.--.--e02e22+-0-2-200- 1886 ‘Tioioiny Coveney NE (Cri biS INI aecdocnd oobdscsonaesse sa se0gcc0n5e00 on 1887 Topp, W. Eb. CrypE, Beavers (Paice act bie alele le ols oleletel-leetsiele) -latelaieteteledet= 1890 Toppan, Geo. L., Jackson St., Chicago, Il]l......-.-2+-+-- eee eee eee 1886 ‘Torrey, BrRApForRD, Melrose Highlands, Mass...---++++e++eeeeeees 1883 TorTaAT, W. Ri. M., Atchison, Kaimsas' secs! = oc) eieies wielslel« elelels wletalsie/el=l> 1890 Townsenp, C. H., Smiths. Inst., Washington, D. C............---1883 TREAT, WILLARD E., East Hartford, (Comins «6 <= 0. = we - mee oleic cle ols 10 1885 TROMBLEY, JEROME, Petersburg, Mich....-+.-.esee sees eeee ee eees 1885 Trorrer, Dr. SPENCER, Prof. Nat. Hist., Swarthmore College,
Swarthmore’: aire steve alane vale; aleve serait > .oteva peitetelevesevetstn cooler eke keie heme leneteaes 1888 TURNER, Dr. M. H:, Hammondville, Essex ‘Coz, N= Nee ee eine cree 1885 Turner. Dr. T. S., Huntington, N. Y... 66.6 e.eccec cence eee e cece 1889 Tutte, Dr. Cart, Berlin Heights, O...----..------ 22+ -2seee eee 1890 Van CortLanpt, Miss ANNE P., Croton Landing, Westchester Co.,
N. Yuwcceccccccce cece ec cee cree neers rercineceeeense cesses 1885 Vetg, Dr. J. W., Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Ill................ 1886 Wanisie(ors, 120 (E55 Wi@rticeeil (Ceitsau ctaanhoocdoccdoosdbosdcoocsoaesc 1883 VERRILL, ALPHEUS H., 86 Whaley Ave., New Haven, Gone -teterieiee 1888 Vivaro, Dr. JUAN, Prof. Nat.. Hist., Havana Univ., Havana, Cuba...1888 VooRHEES, CLARK G., 59 East 75th St., New York City.........--.- 1888 WADSWORTH, D: S:; Box to6r, Hartford, (Comme «eect o1cicie wialele ele reieiee 1885 WAKEFIELD, J. R., Dedham, Mass.....----- eee sees cree eect eee ee nn 1885 WALKER, Dr. R. L., Mansfield Valley, Pa.--....----.-++eesseeeeeee 1888 WARREN, Dr B. H. West 'Ghesten, eaincicilelsctereveters alates ictaloleieierststeenopare 1885 WEBSTER, FREDERIC S., 1345 Penna. Ave., Washington, D. C...--... 1886 WEEKs, W. J., Yaphank, Suffolk Co., N. Y.-.----.-.--se-see see cecne i889 WELLs, Dr. Joun A., Englewood, N. ].----------seceee cess eee eeiee 1888 West, Lewis H., Roslyn, Queens Co., N. Y..-----++ esse eee cece 1887 WEsT, SAm’L H., 76 Devoe St., Brooklyn, N. Y..-------+-+---++---- 1889 WHEELER, Davip E., St. Paul’s School; Concord) Nee ei melt lai 1888 WuitrE, Harry Gorpon, U. S. Fish Com., Woods Holl, Mass......- 1889 WHITE, STEWART E., Grand Rapids, Mich....-.....+..220+sccesees 1890 WHOKERAIE Hee (Ele Beaver; (Pars <(s-~ so.) slersiter snelelelousteoleve neti ee ere ehetei ae 1890 Wicks, M. L., Jr., Los Angeles, Cala... 22.02.00 0ssepenceaes + oc ee 1890 2WITLLARD, oo. Wi, West DePere,, Wis. siccien< orereicterelore os <inrclehererere oh keene 1883 Wirrrams, J.B... 23 St. Vincent St., Toronto, Caine. oe rie viel yiyenetetens 1SS8y
* Deceased.
Associate Members. Xxili
WILLIAMS, RoBErR? S., Great Falls, Montana...-----++++eees eee eees 1888 WINTLE, Ernest D.. 11 Hospital St., Montreal, Can...---.++-+-+++- 1887 Winton, Rev. GEorGE BEVERLY, San Luis Potosi, Mexico..-------- 1889 Woop, A. H., Painted Post, N. Y.----seesceeee cesses cc cecscecccecs 1887 *Woop, Dr. WILLIAM, East Windsor Hill, Conn...--++++++++eeeeees 1883 WoopMan, Epmunp J., Phillips Acad., Andover, Mass.---------++-- 1890 WoopruFFr, Lewis B, 14 East 68th St., New York City..----++-++--- 1886 WorTHINGTON, WILLIS W., Shelter Island, Suffolk Co., N. Y..------ 1889 Wricut, Capt. J. W. A., Livingston, Ala..----.-++seesere cere e cece 1888 Zerega, Dr. Louis A., Bellevue Ilospital, New York City..+-- eee sees 1883
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* Deceased.
“ATT VOTVIH PLAT oe
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KETTERLINUS PHILADA
3/5 NAT. *ST2AE
THE AUK:
AW OUT ACR Te ERE xo ODE RIN AE Our
ORNITHOLOGY.
VOL; VILL. JANUARY, 1891. No. I.
A STUDY OF FLORIDA GALLINULES, WITH SOME NOLES ON FACNEST: FOUND AT (CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.
BY WILLIAM BREWSTER. td
Earty in June, 1889, while wading about in the Fresh Pond swamps on the outskirts of Cambridge, I heard one afternoon an unfamiliar bird cry. It was a succession of hen-like cacks given slowly, but in connected series, and sometimes ending with a pro- longed, drawling seé-ar-r, kreé -ar-r, suggestive of discontent, if not positive suffering, on the part of the bird. The voice was so loud and strong that it might have been heard nearly or quite halfa mile away. Several times afterward during the next few days this strange cry was heard, always in the same place—a bed of cat-tail flags growing near the middle of a wide, flooded meadow. In company with Mr. Faxon and Mr. Torrey I made repeated efforts to find the bird but we failed to obtain any clue to its identity.
It was not until the evening of May 18, 1890, that we again heard this mysterious cry, this time in a swamp about an eighth of a mile from the marsh just mentioned. It was repeated at frequent intervals, and at length was answered by a second bird which Mr. Frank M. Chapman, who was with us at the time, at once declared to be a Florida Gallinule. The fact that this second cry was uttered immediately after the first, apparently in reply to it, and that, while differing in form, it resembled
Brewster on Florida Gallinules. [January
i)
the first in tone, led us to conjecture that both birds were Gallinules, the variation in their notes being due to a difference of sex. This surmise proved correct, for both were seen before many days passed, and were watched in the act of uttering the cries just mentioned as well as making other sounds that will be described later.
Their chosen haunt was a swamp about five acres in extent, covered with dense beds of cat-tail flags and thickets of low willows, among which were many pools and ditches of open water three or four feet in depth connected by a network of muskrat run-ways. The only really dry places were the tops of the numerous large tussocks and scattered houses of the musk- rats, for among the willows and cat-tails the water was every- where from six to twelve inches deep. The swamp was bordered on one side by a railroad, onthe next by a high knoll, on the third by partially submerged woods of dead or dying maples, while on the fourth side an expanse of marshy ground stretched away for hundreds of yards to the shores of a pond. The area covered most thickly with flags and willows was separated from the maple swamp by a ditch, broad, straight and practically free from all vegetation save duck-weed, which formed an emerald carpet on the surface of the brown, stagnant water.
The Gallinules, for reasons best known to themselves, paid frequent visits to the flooded woods, always crossing and recross- ing the ditch at a certain spot where an island, or rather raft, of floating vegetation entangled among the stems of a half-dead bush, attorded some slight cover as well as a convenient place for feeding and basking in the sun. The knoll just mentioned com- manded an unobstructed view of this ditch, and we soon found that by lying still on the grass or crouching behind a cluster of alders we could watch the birds from a distance of less than forty yards without danger of alarming them.
Sometimes one appeared, sometimes the other, but the male the more frequently. He was a truly beautiful creature. With the exception of the yellow tip, his bill was scarlet, and this color extended back over a broad frontal shield which at a little distance looked like the red comb of a laying hen. At every movement of the head this brilliant color flashed like a flame. When he swam in under the bushes it glowed in the dense shade like a living coal, appearing and disappearing as he turned
1Sg1.] BREWSTER ox Florida Gallinules. Z
toward or from us, and often catching the eye when all other trace of him was lost. In the sunlight his breast appeared to be of a rich bluish plum color, at other times slaty. The legs were greenish yellow, the head black, the neck nearly so, the wings and back cinnamon or reddish brown.
He rarely crossed the ditch without stopping at the island to bathe. Standing at the water’s edge, with a quick plunge and upward fling of the head he scattered the drops over his back in a shining shower, opening and trembling his wings as the water fell. After repeating this performance five or six times in rapid succession, he rested a moment, and then went through it once more. After his plumage became thoroughly soaked, he pro- ceeded to dress it, running each feather separately through his bill. This elaborate toilet occupied a considerable time, often lasting as long as fifteen minutes. When it was completed to his satisfaction, he would start off to feed again.
His manner of swimming and of feeding from the surface of the water was very like that of a Coot. He sat high and accom- panied the strokes of the feet with a forward-and-backward nodding motion of the head and neck, accentuated at times as he reached out to seize some tempting morsel. On land he waiked like a Rail, threading his way deftly among the stems of the bushes and tall rushes, stepping daintily, lifting and putting down his feet slowly, and almost incessantly jerking up his tail with a quick, nervous motion which caused the under coverts to flash like the sudden flirt of a handkerchief. As he picked his food from the vegetation at his feet, the head and neck were shot forward and downward at intervals of about a second, with a peculiarly vivid, eager motion. His manner of walking and feeding also suggested that of the Guinea-hen, the body being carried low and in a crouching attitude, while the movements of the head partook of that furtive swiftness which is so character- istic of this barnyard fowl.
Our Gallinule at most times, whether in action or repose, was a bird of slender shape and graceful outline, his carriage light yet firm, the play of the body lithe and strong. While preening his feathers, however, his attitude was often stiff and awkward, and the ruffling of his plumage made him appear nearly as portly as aduck. Again, the motion of flight was ludicrously awkward and uncouth. When, frightened by a glimpse of us through the
4 BREWSTER 0x Florida Gallinules. [January
flags, he rose and flew with legs hanging down, wing-beats feeble and labored, the whole bearing was indicative of strain and exhaustion, which received an added emphasis from the abrupt reckless drop into the bushes which ended the flight.
Late one afternoon we suddenly heard a great outcry, and soon our pair of Gallinules appeared; the female, who was much the plainer-colored in every respect, swimming swiftly, her tail lowered and about in line with the back; the male flap- ping his wings on the water in his eagerness to overtake her. This he soon succeeded in doing, but just as he clutched at her with open bill, evidently with amorous designs, she eluded him by a sudden clever turn. He then swam round her in a narrow circle, carrying his tail wide-spread and erect, his neck arched, his scarlet front fairly blazing and apparently much enlarged and inflated. Seeing that she would not permit his approaches, he soon gave over the pursuit and returned to his favorite raft, while the female swam into the bushes. During the chase one of the birds, presumably the male, uttered repeatedly the following cry : ticket — ticket — ticket — ticket (six to eight repetitions each time). This was doubtless a wooing note, for we heard it on no other occasion.
The calls of these Gallinules were so varied and complex that it seems hopeless to attempt a full description of them. I cer- tainly know of no other bird which utters so many different sounds. Sometimes they gave four or five loud harsh screams, very like those of a hen in the clutches of a Hawk, only slower and at longer intervals; sometimes a series of sounds closely resembling those made by a brooding hen when disturbed, but louder and sharper. Then would succeed a number of queru- lous, complaining cries, intermingled with subdued clucking. Again I heard something which sounded like this: &7-r-r-r-r, kruc-kruc, krar-v; kh-kh-kh-kh-kea-kea, delivered rapidly and falling in pitch toward the end. Shorter notes were a single, abrupt, explosive £wp, very like the cry given by a startled frog just as he jumps into the water, and a low k&loc-kloc or kloc- kloc-kloc. Speaking generally, the notes were all loud, harsh, and discordant, and nearly all curiously hen-like.
At intervals of perhaps half an hour during the greater part of the day the two birds called to one another from various parts of the swamp, evidently for the purpose of ascertaining each other’s
1Sg1.] BREWSTER ox Florida Gallinules. 5
whereabouts. They were occasionally answered by a pair ina neighboring swamp and these in turn by a third pair further off. In the early morning and late afternoon their calls were frequent and at times nearly incessant. They ceased almost entirely after nightfall, for the Florida Gallinule is apparently much less noc- turnal than any of the Rails, if not so strictly diurnal as most of our birds.
Thus far our experience had proved interesting to be sure, but hardly unique, since the Florida Gallinule has several times been observed within the borders of the State. On the morning of June 5, however, Mr. Faxon and I came suddenly on the nest of the bird, never before found in Massachusetts. It was in the midst of a low, half-submerged thicket of SAczrea salicéfolta, intermingled with a few wild-rose bushes and alders, four or five feet in height. The foliage was scanty, and the tops of the bushes withered. Among their stems the water was from twelve to fifteen inches deep, quite free from grass, flags, tussocks, or any floating vegetation save a thin coating of duck-weed over the surface.
The uniform light color of the nest—a pale, bleached straw, nearly that of dead grass—thrown into relief against the back- ground of dark water, rendered it so conspicuous an object that it caught my eye at a distance of fully twenty-five feet. Obvi- ously the birds had disregarded, either deliberately or uncon- sciously, all considerations of protective coloring, and then, with apparently studied boldness, had rejected the safe shelter of tan- eled wild-rose thickets, dense beds of cat-tail flags and clusters of bushy-topped tussocks with which the marsh abounded, to build their home among scattered bushes in the centre of a nearly open pond!
With the exception of a little dry tussock-grass which formed a lining, the nest was composed wholly of cat-tail flags of last year’s growth, all of which must have been brought by the Galli- nules a distance of at least twenty-five yards, much of the way througl. bushes where the water was too deep for the birds to get any firm footing. As some of the stalks were nearly two feet in length, an inch thick at the base, and very heavy, the labor involved must have been great.
About the rim and outer edges of the nest the flags were broken or doubled in lengths of three to six inches, the ends of
6 Brewsrer ox Florida Gallinules. [January
which, projecting upward and outward, formed a fringe of blunt but bristling points that prevented the eggs from rolling, or being crowded, out. On one side this fringe was wanting for a space of two or three inches where a pathway about six inches in length led from the edge of the nest down a gentle incline to the water. This pathway was composed of broad flags from twenty to twenty-three inches long drawn out straight, with the slender tips firmly woven into the nest and the heavy water-soaked butts resting some distance away on the bottom. It was evident that these flags had been carefully selected and adjusted to form a sort of ‘gang-plank’ by means of which the bird might enter and leave the nest without disarranging or breaking the brittle mate- rial which formed its rim. The whole structure was saved from danger of submersion in case of a sudden rise of water by the buoyancy of its materials, but it derived its chief support from the stems of the bushes, among which it was firmly wedged. It certainly did not rest on the bottom, for I ran my hand under it and found everywhere a clear space of several inches in depth.
The measurements of the nest 27 s¢fz were as follows: greatest external diameter, 20 inches; least external diameter, 13 inches ; height of rim above the water, 4 inches; total height about 8 inches. The egg cavity was symmetrical but shallow (23 inches in depth), and measured 7 inches across.
The twelve eggs composing the set filled the nest to the rim, but were arranged in a single tier—the ends pointing in every direction. They were perfectly clean, and there was no excre- ment in or about the nest. Three were fresh; a fourth contained a small embryo, dead and partially decomposed; the remaining eight were within a few days of hatching. | When we found the nest the eggs were warm, but neither of the birds was seen although both came close about us at times under cover of the flags and bushes, uttering the frog-like £«f and occasionally one or another of their louder cries; on the whole they made very little noise while we were in the swamp, much less, in fact, than on many occasions when there was nothing to disturb them. — It should be mentioned, however, that for a week or more before the nest was found they had been getting more and more silent daily, and showed themselves less and less often. | After the nest was taken—it was far too great a prize to be spared—there was another period of clamor and activity during which they appeared
—"
1891. ] Evxior on Birds from Northeast Borneo. 7 to be building a second nest in a spot about fifty yards from the site of the first. Not caring to disturb them further we made no search for this second nest. Of its fate we know nothing definite, but there are good reasons for believing that the eggs were hatched and the young successfully reared.
A LIST OF BIRDS FROM NORTHEAST BORNEO, WEE MEED NOTES BY MR. C. FF: ADAMS:
BYA DD.) G.) HELIO. (Concluded from Vol. VII, p. 350.) FamiLy Picip#.
50. Xylolepes validus.
Picus validus Tem. Plan. Col. pls. 378, 402. Megapicus validus Man. Mon. Pic. I, p. 28, pl. 9, figs. 4-7 (1861). Xylolepes validus Cas. & Hein. Mus. Hein. IV, 2, p. 108 (1863). —Sarv. Ucc. Born. p. 44 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 6. [Sandakan. Iris reddish orange.—C. F. A. ]
51. Chrysophlegma mentalis.
Picus mentalis TemMM. Plan. Col. pl. 384. Chloropicus mental’s MALu. Mon. Pic. II, p. 112, pl. 75, figs. 4, 5 (1862). Callolophus mental’s SALv. Ucc. Born. p. 49 (1874).
[Suanlamba River. Iris brown.—C. F. A.]
52. Chrysophlegma malaccensis.
Picus malaccensts Latu. Ind. Orn. I, p. 241 (1790). Chrysonotus miniatus EyYTON, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 106. Callolophus mataccensis SALV. Ucc. Born. p. 50 (1874). Chrysophlegma malaccense SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 7. [Kinabatangan River. Iris red.—C. F. A.]
53. Thriponax javensis.
Picus javensts HorsF. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 172 (1821). Dryopicus leucogaster MALu. Mon. Pic. I, p. 47, pl. 13, figs. 4, 5.
5 Exvxiiot ox Birds from Northeast Borneo. | January
Thriponax javensis Cas. & Hein. Mus. Hein. IV, Picidx, p. 105 (1863). —Satv. Ucc. Born. p. 52 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 8. [Sandakan. Iris red. Taken in large trees, bordering a clearing. — GHA 3]
54. Meiglyptes tukki.
Picus tukki Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p- 167. Pheopicus pectoralis Main. Mon. Pic. II, p. 8, pl. 47, figs. 5, 6 (1862). Meiglyptes tukki Satv. Ucc. Born. p. 57 (1874). — SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, jon OF [Bahala Island. Iris brown. Runs over the rough-barked trees, ap- parently searching for insects.—C. F. A. ]
55. Micropternus badiosus.
Picus badiosus TeEMM. Mus. Leyd.—Sunp. Consp. Av. Pic. p. 91 (1866). Pheopicus badtosus MALH. Mon. Pic. II, p. 6 (1862). Meiglyptes badtosus SCLAT. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p- 210. Micropternus badiosus Satv. Ucc. Born. p. 58 (1874). — SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 9. [Sapagaya River. Iris brown.—C. F. A.]
Famity MEGALAIMID&.
56. XKantholoema duvaucelii.
Bucco duvaucelii Less. Trait. Orn. p. 164 (1831). Nantholema duvaucelii SALv. Ucc. Born. p. 38 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, J) Ge [Sandakan. Iris brown. Legs greenish.—C. F. A. |
57. Calorhamphus fuliginosus.
Micropogon fuliginosus TEMM. Plan. Col. Texte, Liv. 83. Calorhamphus sanguinolentus Less. Rev. Zool. S390 Rp- 139. Calorhamphus fuliginosus Marsu, Mon. Cap. pl. 71 (1870-71). — SALv. Ucc. Born. p. 39 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 6. {Sandakan. Iris brown. Legs salmon.—C. F. A. ]
FAMILY BUCEROTID.
58. [Buceros rhinoceros.
Malay name, Luke-ling. Male. — Base of horn and mandibles, cutting edges of latter, and a nar- row longitudinal line on side of horn, curving upward with the upturned
1S9t.] Exvxior ov Birds from Northeast Borneo. 9
part in front, black; top and sides of horn down to the black line and basal portion of the upper mandible in front of the black, bright carmine ; lower sides and front of upturned horn, upper mandible in front of car- fading off into white toward
mine, and lower mandible in front of black the tips — bright yellow, almost Indian yellow; bare skin around eye, black. Iris red.
Female.—The black at base of horn and the narrow longitudinal line of black wanting. The cutting edges of mandibles and bare skin around eye pinkish salmon. Iris white.
There seems to be an exudation of yellowish oil which colors the white feathers of the abdomen. In cases where this part of the plumage needed washing, on account of blood stains, the yellow color almost entirely dis- appeared.
No information of its nesting habits could be obtained from servants or guides. They are abundant in those regions along the rivers where fruit trees occur, and their peculiar, sonorous notes can be heard at a consider- able distance. Although these birds were numerous and could easily be located by their calls, they were difficult to procure. So far as wariness is concerned, they can puta Crow to shame, and it is very seldom that one can be approached within gun-shot, the most successful way being to lie in wait for them under a fruit tree. Owing to their striking colors they are very conspicuous objects in the trees, a fact of which they seem to be aware.
Their flight consists of several rapid wing beats, followed by majestic sailing, during which they gradually rise to a greater elevation. The general color being jet black, they are clearly outlined against the sky, the horn reminding one of a figurehead, and as with firmly set wings and outstretched necks they sail high overhead, they recall the appearance of a full-rigged ship with all canvas set, probably though more on account of their sturdiness than grace. The sound produced by their wings during flight is astonishingly loud and often betrays their presence to a collector.
As showing the extreme pneumaticity of the bones of this species, it may be stated that in one case a No. § shot passed clear through the humerus without breaking it.—C. F. A.]
59. Anthrococeros convexus.
Ruceros convexus TEMM. Plan. Col. pl. 530. — Sav. Ucc. Born. p. 80 (1874).
Anthrococeros COnvexus Ex.xiot, Mon. Bucer. pl. Xil.
[ Kinabatangan River. Iris dark red; eyelids black; bare skin around eye purplish blue; that at angle of jaws bluish flesh-color.
Commonly of wider distribution than the other species of Hornbills taken, being found on some of the small islands in Sandakan Harbor and near the coast as well as in the up river regions.—C. F. A. ]
60. Anorrhinus galeritus.
to
Buceros galeritus TEMM. Plan. Col. pl. 520.
If@) Evxriottr on Birds from Northeast Borneo. [January
Anorrhinus galeritus Satv. Uce. Born. p. 79 (1874). — ELLior, Mon. Bucer. pl. 42.—-SHARPE, Ibis, 1Sgo, p. 16. [Sandakan. Iris deep wine red. Eyelids black. Skin above and be hind eyes, and over angle of jaw, fleshy white. Other parts dark blue. Usually found feeding in the same trees as the last species, but less noisy
and more stealthy in its movements.—C. F. A. |
FamILy ALCEDINIDZ.
61. Alcedo meningting.
Alcedo meningting Horsr. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 172 (1821).—SaLv Ucc. Born, p. 93 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 18. Alcedo astatica SHARPE, Mon. Alced. pl. 5.
[Sandakan. Iris dark brown. Frequents small creeks which empty into the rivers or near river sources. It has the habit of sitting on some dead twig or snag a few feet above the surface of the water watching for its prey in true Kingfisher style.—C. F. A.]
62. Halcyon coromanda.
Alcedo coromanda Lavu. Ind. Orn. I, p. 252 (1790).
Callialcyon coromanda SALV. Ucc. Born, p. tor (1874).
Halcyon coromanda SHARPE, Mon. Alced. pl. 57; zd. Ibis, 1890, p- 20. [Sandakan. Iris brown. Bill and legs vermilion. The only specimens
seen were taken along the hiliy side of Sandakan Harbor.—C. F. A. ]
63. Halcyon pileata.
Alcedo pileata Bovp. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 41 (1783).
Entomobia pileata SArv. Ucc. Born. p. 102 (1874).
Halcyon pileata SuiarPe, Mon. Alced. pl. 62; ¢d@. Ibis, 1890, p. 20. [Sapagaya River. Iris brown. Bill and legs red. Found along the
larger streams, and, so far as observed, seems strictly piscivorous. Very
wary, seldom allowing a boat to approach within gunshot.—C. F. A.]
64. Halcyon concreta.
Dacelo concreta TEMM. Plan. Col. pl. 346.
Caridagrus concretus Satv. Ucc. Born. p- 102 (1874).
Halcyon concreta SHARPE, Mon. Alced. pl. 83; zd. Ibis, 1890, p. 21. [Suanlamba River. Iris brown. Feet and legs yellow. The most
common species of Kingfisher taken. Found: in low, thickly wooded
regions at considerable distances from streams.—C. F. IN|
(Sor. | Evuior ox Birds Srom Northeast Borneo. II
65. Nyctiornis amicta.
Merops amictus Temm. Plan. Col. pl. 310. Nycttornts amicta SALv. Ucc. Born. p- 91 (1874).—-DrESSER, Mon. Mer. pls. 1, 2, p.3 (1884-86).—Snarpr, Ibis, 1890, p. 18. [Sandakan River. Iris golden yellow. Of general distribution but rather uncommon.—C. F. A. ]
FAMILY CORACIID.
66. Eurystomus orientalis.
Coractas orientalis LINN. Syst. Nat. I, p. 159 (1766). Eurystomus ortentalts SALV. Ucc. Born. p. 105 (1874). — SHARPE, Ibis 1890, p. 21. [Sandakan. Iris brown; bill, legs, and feet light red. A conspicuous bird, often seen perched on the top of some large dead tree in a clearing, occasionally leaving its place to make a short excursion after insects.—
Crit, Ay]
FAMILY CuCULID&.
67. Rhopodytes erythrognathus.
Phaenicopheus erythrognathus HARTL. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 95 (1844). Rhumphococcyx erythrognathus SALV. Ucc. Born. p. 74 (1874). thopodytes erythrognathus SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 604; ¢d. Ibis, 1890, p. 12. [Suanlamba River. Iris pale blue in the male, golden yellow in the female. Skin around eye light maroon. Maxilla and tip of mandible pale
green.—C. F. A.] 68. Rhinortha chlorophza.
Cuculus chloropheus Ra‘r. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 288 (1822). Rhinortha chlorophea SArv. Ucc. Born. p.69 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890 Plas [Suanlamba River. Iris dark brown. Skin around eye emerald green, bill darker.—C. F. A. }
69. Zanclostomus javanicus.
Phenicophaeus javanicus Horse. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 178 (1822). Zanclostomus Javanicus SALV. Ucc. Born. p. 75 (1874). — SHARPE Ibis, 1890, p. 13.
iz Evxior ox Birds from Northeast Borneo. [January
[Kinabatangan River. Iris red. Shot in coarse grass or rushes grow- ing in swampy places.—C. F. A.]
ORDER, PSITLETACE
FAMILY PSITTACIDA.
7o. Palzornis longicauda.
Psittacus longicauda Bovv. Tabl. Pl. Enl. 887 (1783). Paleornis longicauda G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds. Il, p. 470 (1846). — Sav Ucc. Born. p. 22 (1874.).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1877, p. 9; 2b. 1890, p. 1. [Sandakan River. The only specimens seen were in an old clearing where they alighted on the tops of some high trees left standing. Occa- sionally several would start off together, flying very swiftly as they circled about, keeping up a continual chatter, and then re-alight.—C. F. A.]
71. Loriculus galgulus.
Psittacus galgulus LINN. Syst. Nat. I, 150 (1766). Coryllis galgulus Finscu, Die Papag. II, p. 699 (1868). Loriculus galgulus SaLv. Ucc. Born. p. 26 (1874). — SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, Demis |Sandakan River. Iris brown. Apparently not common.—C. F. A. ]
ORDER ACCIPITRES.
FAMILY STRIGID.
72. Ketupa ketupa.
Strix ketupa WorsF. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 141 (1821).
Ketupa javanensis Less. Trait. Ornith. p. 114 (1831).—Sarv. Ucc. Born. p- 20 (1874).—SHarRPE, Cat. B. p. 8 (1875).
Strix ceylonensis LATH. (xec GMEL.) Ind. Orn. I, p. 52, sp. 3 (1790). — TEmo. Plan. Col. pl. 74.*
[| Suanlamba River. Iris yellow. Malay name, Boor!-ung han'-tu. The Malays of the country are quite timid if, while out at night, the notes of this Owl are heard, as they think the spirits of the departed manifest their presence through the agency of these birds.--C. F. A.]
73. Syrnium myrtha.
Ciccaba myrtha Bon. Consp. Av. I, 44.—Satv. Ucc. Born. p. 21 (1874). Myrtha sumatrana Bon. Rev. Mag. Zool. 1854, p. 541. Syrntium myrtha SHARPE, Cat. B. p. 264 (1875).
~~
1Sg1.] Evxiior ox Birds from Northeast Borneo. E3
A single specimen of Syruzum I refer to S. myrtha described by Bona- parte (Z. c.), as it seems considerably larger than S. leAlogrammicum, and differs in having the breast dark chestnut brown barred with black, and the entire under parts white barred narrowly with black, agreeing in these respects with Bonaparte’s description. Total length about 17 in.; wing, 124; tail, 74.
[Sapagaya River. Iris brown. Only one specimen was seen, which was taken near a path cut through a dense jungle.—C. F. A. |
FAMILY FALCONID.
74. Spilornis pallidus.
Spilornis pallidus WALL, Ibis, 1872, p. 363. — SHARPE, Cat. B. I, p. 290
(1874). Very closely resembling S. backa Daud., but apparently a smaller bird.
[Iris, lores, and legs yellow. Found sitting on stumps in old clearings, usually with the crest erect.—C. F. A.]
75. Butastur indicus.
Falco indicus GMEL. Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 32 (1787).
Falco poliogenys TEMM. Plan. Col. pl. 325.
Butastur tudicus SHARPE, Cat. B. I, 297 (1874); zd. Ibis. 1889, p. 72. [Sandakan. Iris light brown. Legs yellow. Common in open places.
aro E.A.)
ORDER COLUMBE.
FAMILY TRERONID&.
76. Treron nasica.
Columba curvirostra GMEL. Syst. Nat. I, p. 777 (1788). Treron nasica SCHLEG. Tidgsch. Dierk. I, p. 67 (1863).—Satv. Ucce. Born. p- 283 (1874). {[Sandakan. Iris dark green. Skin around eyes and bill, green. Leres and feet carmine. Found in small flocks, feeding on berries, ete. —
Cyr A. |
77; «Ereronnolax.
Columba olax Temm. Plan. Col. pl.2 41. Treron olax SALv. Ucc. Born. p. 289 (1874).
14 Evxior oz Birds from Northeast Borneo. [January
[Suanlamba River. Iris pale yellow. Similar in habits to 7. nasica, preferring open places where fruit-bearing bushes grow.—C. F. A. ]
78. Ptilopus jambu.
Columba jambu GMEL. Syst. Nat. I, p. 784 (1788). Ptilopus jambu Sarv. Ucc. Born. p. 289 (1874).—ELLioT, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 554-—SHARPE, Ibis, 1889, p. 134.
[Suanlamba River. Iris golden yellow. Usually found on the ground in dense jungle. When startled it rises with a strong noisy flight, per- haps to stop an instant on a low branch, take a hurried look at the in- truder, and then disappear. It seems to feed on fallen fruit knocked off by monkeys, Hornbills, etc.—C. F. A.]
79. Carpophaga znea.
Columba enea LINN. Syst. Nat. I, p. 283 (1766). Carpophaga @nea SArv. Ucc. Born. p. 290 (1874) .— SHARPE, Ibis, 1890 p- 134-
[Kinabatangan River. Iris and legs carmine. This fine Pigeon is very common and of general distribution. It may usually be found feeding in the same trees with the Hornbills, and what with the noise of their wings as the members of a large flock fly from branch to branch and the constan, rain of the fruit which is knocked off, they can be heard at a considerable distance. Sometimes while feeding, a monkey will go dashing toward them, causing them to rise with a whir, but after circling about a few times they re-alight in a safe place. As monkeys are numerous in Borneo, and many of them actually feed in the same trees with the Pigeons, it seems, considering the abundance of the latter, that in this locality at least mon keys do not seriously interfere with them.—C. F. A. ]
ORDER GALLIN.
FaMmMILy PHASIANID.
So. [Argus grayi.
Malay name, Chow-h-o-z. Of pretty .general distribution, seeming to prefer the hilly, broken regions. Although this bird may frequently be heard, it is very difficult to procure, either by means of the gun or in snares which as a rule are very effective in taking other gallinaceous birds and small mammals found in the same regions. The Malay name somewhat resembles its notes, when the second syllable is strongly ac- cented and prolonged. The tone of its voice is much like that of our domestic peacock.—C. F. A. |
a
1891.) ELxLiot on Birds from Northeast Borneo. RS
St. Euplocomus ignitus.
Euplocomus tgnitus Laru. Ind. Ornith. p. Ixi (1801). — Exxtior, Ibis, 1878, p. 411. Euplocomus nobilis SCLAT. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 119, pl. xvi.—ELLior, Mon. Phas. pl. xxvii (1872).—Satv. Ucc. Born. p. 306 (1874). [Kinabatangan River. Iris red. Bare skin of head purplish blue. Malay name, H7dm-u-tan. Common in up-river regions. The speci- mens taken were caught in snares, as used by the Malays of the country.
= PeAs)
FAMILY PERDICIDA.
S2. Arboriphila charltoni.
Perdix charltont BiyTu, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XVI, p. 230 (1845). Arboricola charltont HumE & Marsn, Game B. Ind. II, p. 93 (1879). Arboriphila charltont SUARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 140.
[Sapagaya River. Iris brown. Legs yellowish olive. A quiet bird, in- habiting the river districts. Not shy, so that the collector does not need to resort to the snare in order to obtain specimens, as opportunies for shooting are rather common. Most of the specimens procured, however, were taken from snares set for other species.—C. F. A. ]
83. [Rolulus roulroul.
Iris brown; eyelids and legs carmine. This beautiful species seems to prefer the level districts near the rivers, where its pleasing, powerful , liquid whistle may be heard from morning until night Being less shy than the Pheasants, it is not unfrequently seen in small flocks running through the underbrush. When frightened, the males elevate the crest and carry their bodies nearly erect, as they make their short runs, sud- denly coming to a standstill with a jerk, after the fashion of our Quails.— Cae AN]
ORDER: EIMICOLAE.
FAMILY CHARADRIIDA.
S54. Eudromias veredus.
Cursortus ¢tsabellinus Worse. (zec TEM.) Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 137 (1821). Charadrius veredus GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 38.
16 Evxiior on Birds from Northeast Borneo. [January
Charadrius xanthochilus BLYTH, Ibis, 1865, p. 34. Eudromias veredus Wap. Trans. Zool. Soc. VIII, p. 88 (1872).—Saty. Ucc. Born. p. 315 (1874). [Bahala Island. Iris brown.—C. F. A. |
S5. Agialitis peronii.
Charadrius perontt (TEMM.) Bon. Compt. Rend. XLIII, p. 417, sp. 68 (1856).
Egialitts perontt WaLp. Trans. Zool. Soc. VIII, p. go, pl. 10, fig. 2. (1872).—SaLv. Ucc. Born. p. 315 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 142. ‘
[Bahala Island. Iris brown.—C. F. A. ]
86. [Actitis hypoleucus.
Bahala Island. Iris brown. Not uncommon.—C. F. A.]
ORDER’ ALECTORIDES,:
FaMILY RALLIDA.
$7. Rallina fasciata.
Rallus fasctata Rarr. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIIT, p. 328 (1822). Gallinula euryzona TeEMM. Plan. Col. p. 417. Rallina fasctata G. R. Gray, Gen. B. p. 120 (1855). —Sarv. Ucc. Born. P- 337 (1874).—SHARPE, Ibis, 1890, p. 145. [Sapagaya River. Iris and eyelids red; legs reddish. Only one spec- men taken, which was shot in a dense second growth in the swampy part of an old clearing.—C. F. A.]
Notr.—Mr. F. A. Lucas of Washington informs me that he has re- ceived from Mr. Adams two skeletons of Cyfselus subfurcatus. The locality in Borneo whence they came is not given. This information was received too late to enable me to insert the species in its proper place.
—D.G. E.
1S91.| MACKAY on the Golden Plover. ry
THE HABITS OF THE GOLDEN PLOVER (CHAR A- DRIUS DOMINICUS) IN MASSACHUSETTS.
BY GEORGE H. MACKAY.
Amonc the water birds which annually migrate along the coast of New England, none to me possesses greater interest than Charadrius dominicus, the American Golden Plover. One reason for this is its prolonged migration, extending from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the Argentine Republic, and prob- ably to Patagonia, a distance of nearly seven thousand miles, dur- ing which it apparently makes no stop after leaving Nova Scotia, unless compelled to halt by storms or hurricanes, until it reaches its destination. It is while making this migration that their appear- ance is so eagerly watched for by the many sportsmen on the New England coast, the great uncertainty of their landing in any con- siderable numbers adding much to the interest and importance of their capture. The reason they are not now as abundant as for- merly, is, first, the absence of suitable feeding ground, and secondly the eagerness with which they are pursued, allowing them no opportunity to become attached to any one locality. Civilization has encroached upon and absorbed so many of the fields bordering on the coast, to which they used to resort, that there is little room now left for them.
On the Island of Nantucket I notice a very great change in the amount of ground suitable for them, there being now not more than one-quarter as much as formerly. This in part is due to the increase of the pine trees, scrub oak, bushes, and beach grass which have greatly encroached upon the open fields, and in part to the absence of considerable numbers of sheep and cattle which formerly roamed at large and kept down the grass; for the Golden Plover dislikes to alight or run in grass: which is high enough to touch the feathers of the breast. Another cause is the fact that the sportsmen go out to shoot them at the commence- ment of the storm which causes them to seek land, and follow them up unceasingly until a change of weather gives the harassed birds an opportunity to continue their interrupted migration. This mode of procedure is just the reverse of what prevailed in former times, when few people pursued them. They were then
3
18 Mackay on the Goldcn Plover. {January
allowed to remain undisturbed on alighting, and the first comers called down others that were passing; they thus became ac- customed and attached to certain localities, and as a rule re- mained in varying numbers on the Island of Nantucket until late into November. As many of the same birds doubtless pass over the same ground year after year, they naturally shun the localities where they have been harassed, and becoming leaders of the mi- gratory flocks, do not stop unless compelled by stress of weather. Of late years it has become quite evident that they have no inten- tion of stopping on the New England coast after leaving Nova Scotia, as their course is considerably outside of it (two hundred miles or more). Their presence here, therefore, is purely the result of tempestuous weather, as the occurrence of south-easterly or north-easterly storms, thunder and lightning with rain, or thick fog with a south-west wind,while they are on their passage, by which they are driven from their course, confused, and deflected to the westward ; in which event they pass along the New England coast, and over the outlying islands and promontories. ‘They are then eargerly pursued and many killed.
When in Massachusetts they frequent the extensive marshes, and the large tract known as the common pasture near Newbury- port; on Cape Cod they seem to prefer the long reach of sandy hills, old fields where the grass is short and the vegetation scanty, sand flats left by the receding tide, ploughed fields, and any burnt tracts which are clear of trees and bushes. On Nantucket Island they mostly prefer the south and west portions of the Island, where there are extensive and undulating plains interspersed with fresh ponds. It is here that I have particularly observed C. do- minicus during the past sixteen years. When on the ground they run rapidly and gracefully, and soon scatter on alighting. After running a few yards they suddenly stop, hold the head erect, and look around, all the movements being very quick. In feeding, they seem to strike at the object with a motion that reminds one of a Loon or Grebe commencing to dive.
Various authorities state that along the Atlantic coast the food of the Golden Plover consists principally of grasshoppers, on which they become very fat. I can only say, in answer to this statement, that in my experience I have never seen them eat any, and I have watched them when on the ground quite near, as well as through a strong a field glass. I have also examined
—
1Sgr.] MacKay ox the Golden Plover. 19
the stomachs of a good many which I have shot on Nantucket, and have never found any grasshoppers in them, nor in fact any- thing but crickets (which seem their principal food there), grass seeds, a little vegetable matter, like seaweed, coarse sand, and small stones. I have also frequently shot them with the vent stained purple, probably from the berries of the Hwpetrum nigrum. 1 have rarely seen a poor or lean bird that landed while making the southern migration. While they are not all in the same condition, they are, as a rule, quite fat. The eye is dark hazel, very lustrous, and appealing, and is their most beautiful feature to my mind. Those birds killed soon after land- ing have the bottoms of their feet quite black ; after living on the Island awhile, they turn whitish. I have no reason to offer for this change.
Their local names along the coast are numerous, and among them are Greenback, Palebelly, Palebreast, Greenhead, Bullhead, Toadhead, Frostbird, Blackbreast, and Threetoes.
- When scattered over considerable ground, as is usual after they have been any length of time on their feeding ground, every bird ap- parently on its own hook, if alarmed, a note is sounded ; they then rise so as to meet as soon as possible at a common centre, which gained, away they go in a compact body. When high up in the air, flying on their migration, I have often noticed the flocks as- sume shapes that reminded me of the flight of Geese; they also fly in the form of a cluster, with one or more single lines out behind; also broadside in long straight lines, with an apparent velocity of about one and a half miles a minute, measured by the eye as they pass along the headlands. When flying near the ground they course over it at a high rate of speed, in every variety of form, the shape of the flock constantly changing, and frequently following every undulation of the surface, stopping suddenly and alighting when a favorable spot is noticed. They are extremely gregarious, and I have had the same flock return to my decoys as many as four times, after some of their ‘number had been shot each time. When approaching the decoys every bird seems to be whistling, or, as I have often expressed it, uttering a note like coodle, coodle, coodle, During the middle of the day they are fond of seeking the margins of ponds, where they sit quietly for a long time, if undisturbed. When disturbed they are almost certain to return, ina short time, to the same spot from which they
20 Mackay ox the Golden Plover. [January
have been started, that is, if they have been resting or feedin there any length of time. When suspicious, it is very difficult to approach, decoy, or call them; if not harassed, they are as a rule quite tame and gentle, and can be easily driven up to with horse and wagon.
The young birds, or ‘Palebellies’ as they are called by the local gunners, are inferior in size to the old black-and-white- breasted birds. Their plumage is ashy gray all over, relieved with spots of pale yellow on the top of the head, back, and rump, they having none of the bolder and well-defined markings of the old birds, in which the white line of the forehead, running over and back of the eye down each side of the neck, is the most prominent at a distance. These young birds invariably appear wild and wary, much more so than the old ones. They are also very erratic in their movements and flight when with us. They usually will not pay so much attention to the decoys or call-whistle as do the old birds ; and I have seen them, when verv shy and after being disturbed, mount up into the air and nearly turn over on their backs while flying with great volocity. It is a noteworthy fact that, when a flock of these young birds is approaching, no dependence can be placed on their movements. They may some- times sweep down within a few yards of the sportsman, passing with great rapidity over his head, all scattered; or down close to the stand and then up into the air; or they may turn suddenly. My experience has taught me not to wait, as is my custom with the older birds, to get them together before shooting, but to fire at them whenever and wherever I can, if they are within range- The older birds rarely indulge in any similar antics. These young birds seem to migrate by themselves, and at a later date than the old ones, not appearing in New England, as far as my experience shows, till from one week to four after the arrival of the older black-and-white-breasted birds. I have notes of one such landing, on the Island of Nantucket, as late as October 1, 1882. This, however, is the latest date I have ever known.
While I have continually shot the young birds on Nantucket, and in other parts of Massachusetts, their arrival is a much more uncertain event than that of the older birds, there being some years when I have seen none, and others only a few. I have never known a year when they were anything like as numerous as I have seen the older birds.
tSgi.] ” MACKAY ox the Golden Plover. DT
It is unusual to see any but scattering birds before the tenth of September; the years when they are not seen they undoubtedly pass outside of the coast line, with favorable weather. In order to convey some idea of the date when C. domdnicus annually makes its appearance, I copy from the notes of a friend the dates of its arrival on Cape Cod, from 1858 to 1875, and on Nan- tucket from the latter year until 1Sgo from data of my own, thus covering a period of thirty-two years,there being no record for 1876.
1858. First birds shot Aug. 31; last birds shot Oct. 19.
1859. First birds shot Aug. 29; last birds shot Sept. 25.
1860. September. Some shooting during the month.
1861. First birds shot Sept. 5; last birds shot Oct. 12.
1862. No birds.
1863. No birds of any account until Sept. 5, when there was an im- mense flight.
1864. Some birds in September.
1865. No flight.
1866. A few birds in September; no flight.
1867. A flight Aug. 31; last birds shot Oct. 20.
1868. September. Only a few this year.
1869. No flight this year, and only a few birds killed.
1870. A flight Aug. 29; fair shooting until Oct. 6.
1871. First Plover shot Aug. 25; nota very good year.
1872. First birds shot Aug. 29. Hard southeast rain storm on night of 29th; small flight.
1873. First birds shot Aug. 23. A good many birds on Aug. 29.
1874. Scarcely any.
1875. First shot Aug. 30.
1877. First birds shot Aug. 27. Severe rain storm night of Aug. 26; small flight of Plover and Eskimo Curlew. Last birds shot Oct. 5.
1878. First birds shot Aug. 26; rain the night before; some Plover and Eskimo Curlew landed. Last birds shot Oct. 22.
1879. First birds shot Aug. 26; a number of Plover landed the night before. There were three or four small flights in September. Last Plover shot September 29.
1880. First Plover shot Aug. 26. Saw three on the 22d. Sept. 7. a large flight of old birds; shot 108 on the 7th and 8th. Sept. g: raining and blowing last night; a flight went over the town of Nantucket, but did not stop. Last birds shot Sept. 28.
1881. First birds shot Aug. 16. Small flight Aug. 19; 300 to 4oo birds landed; weather foggy; wind northeast; two heavy rain ‘squalls in the afternoon. Sept. 2: a large flight of Plover and Eskimo Curlew landed last night; wind northeast and weather thick. No young birds this year. Last birds shot Sept. Io.
Mackay oz the Golden Plover. [January
nN NO
1882. First birds shot Aug. 22. Last birds shot Oct. 3. A great many C. dominicus passed over without landing during the week prior to Aug. 30. Sept. 25: last night a considerable flight of young birds; wind north- east, light rain; afterwards storming hard. Sept. 30: quite a flight of young birds landed in northeast rain storm; shot 50. Oct. 2: about 400 young birds landed on east end of Nantucket.
1883. Aug. 25: last night and to-day a large number of C. dominicus and Eskimo Curlew landed, in about equal numbers; a severe northeast storm. First flock of C. dominicus arrived Aug. 16.
1884. First birds shot Aug. 26. On July 28 John M. Winslow shot a lone C. doménicus which was emaciated, the earliest record of one being taken on Nantucket Island. Aug. 31, large flight went by in clear weather in the afternoon; wind light, southeast. The poorest year I have ever known.
1885. Aug. 23, first birds shot. Heard of two killed on Aug. 17. Last birds shot Sept. 23. Had only killed half a dozen young birds up to Septem te
1886. First birds shot Aug. 22. August 24, a severe northeast storm with rain and lightning. The largest flight for a number of years; some two thousand birds landed. Only two young birds shot up to Sept. 12. Last birds shot (7 young birds) on Sept. 27.
1887. Aug. 25: considerable number of old birds landed; northeast rain storm last night; all gone the next day. First birds shot Aug. 28. Did not see a young bird this year.
1888. August 28: thunder shower last night; wind about south; a flight passing over the town; only a few scattering birds landed, as weather cleared at 10.30 Pp. M., with wind west by north; first Plover shot. Sept. 2: a small flight, but few landed; wind westerly, foggy; light rain at times until 7 A. M when it cleared; for the past week large numbers of C. dominicus have been passing the Island every night; scarcely any landed. Last birds shot Sept. 24. No young birds this year.
1889, First birds shot Aug. 20. Quite a flight Aug. 23, but none landed. Sept. 11, small flight of C. domdnicus; both old and young birds, and also some Eskimo Curlew. The poorest year I have ever known.
1890.* First birds shot Aug. 25. August 22 and 26 a flight; none stopped on either date; on the 26th the wind was south, raining Only about fifty birds altogether shot on the Island. This makes the poorest yearly record up to date. Last birds shot Sept. 29. About half of above birds killed were young.
It will be noticed from the foregoing that the older birds of this species seem to come along with much more regularity than
* JT have since learned that there was a flight of Golden Plover along Cape Cod Aug. 23, 1890. About 2500 birds (estimated) were seen, flying rather low; only a few scattering birds stopped, although the weather was thick, rainy, wind southeast; they were headed south, None were noted on Nantucket on this date,
ot. tease
Pairing ee «
1891. Mackay on the Glolden Plover. 22
the younger ones. It would seem to require certain conditions of weather, and time of migration to make the young birds land on our coast, and the rare occurrence of these conditions must account for the irregularity of their appearance.
The question may be asked why the Golden Plover remain, or come here at all. The answer is that they do not remain any lon- ver than is absolutely necessary, and land only under stress of weather ; for the moment a clear streak is visible on the western or northern horizon, at the end of the stormy weather which has forced them to land, and a few pufls announce that the wind is soon to change and the weather to clear, almost every bird takes flight from these inhospitable shores, mounts high into the air, and steers for the South; where many may have been yesterday, none remain today. When tired, in moderate weather, they have been known to alight on the ocean; at least so I have been in- formed by some of the men on the South Shoal Light-ship, which is anchored twenty-five miles off the south side of Nantucket Island.
J. P. Giraud, Jr., in his ‘Birds of Long Island’ states that the Golden Plover arrives there in the latter part of April, on the way to the North. I have, however, never seen any recorded, and have heard of but three C. domdnicus being taken, in New England in the spring, one being on Nantucket, one at Dennis, Cape Cod, and one at Scituate, Mass. Personally I have never met with it at this season of the year.
As far as my observation shows on the Island of Nantucket, the Golden Plover usually seeks land about dusk and during the first half of the night. I can recall but three occasions when they landed during the daytime, and on two of those in very inconsid- erable numbers. It is usual several times during the migrating period to hear them whistling as they pass low down over the town of Nantucket; but on these occasions, unless it is storming hard, they do not stop, but pass on, if the wind is fair (northeast). I have been many times disappointed on driving over the Plover ground at daylight on the following morning to find that no birds had stopped. In other words, it is a most difficult matter to ‘hit the flight,’ for it requires a combination of circumstances and weather which rarely happens, to enable one to obtain any number of these birds on the Atlantic coast.
In regard to the numbers of these birds formerly, and at the
24 RIKER AND CHAPMAN, Ards at Santarem, Brazil. [January
present time, I would say that it is extremely difficult to arrive at any correct conclusion, this arises from the fact that the migra- tion almost always passes by, or over the Island, after dark, and our means of judging is by comparison with others of the number of flocks heard whistling as they flew overhead. It is however certain that for a number of years fewer birds have stopped on the coast than formerly, and for a shorter period. We are, how- ever, liable any year, when all the conditions are favorable, to have an immense landing.
To those interested in this direction I give the following result of some inquiry I made recently of two game dealers in Boston. About four years ago the shipment of Golden Plover, Eskimo Curlew, and Bartramian Sandpipers first commenced in the spring, and it has been on the increase up to date. — Last spring (1Sg0) these two firms received from Nebraska (principally), Saint Louis, and Texas (Fort Worth) ¢wexty barrels of birds, one third of which were Golden Plover, two thirds Bartramian Sandpipers; e¢ght éarrels of Eskimo Curlew ; ¢we/ve barrels of Eskimo Curlew and Golden Plover. As there are ¢wenty- five dozen Curlew, and séxty dozen Plover each to a barrel, it will be realized what this means, if other large cities are simi- larly supplied. All were killed on their northern migration to their breeding grounds. Therefore while we may not be able now to answer the question: are they fewer than formerly, we shall be ably fitted to do so in a few years.
A LIST OF BIRDS OBSERVED AT SANTAREM: BRAZIL.
BY CLARENCE B. RIKER.
With Annotations by Frank M. Chapman. (Continued from Vol. VII, p. 277.)
76. Pipra aureola flaviceps (Sc/.).—Two adult males taken July, 1887, in low fruit-bearing trees growing in a semi-palm forest.
[I refer these specimens to faziceps, as both exhibit a white spot on the outer rectrix. They are, however, indistinguishable from a Cayenne
specimen.—F. M. C. ]
1891.] RIKER AND CHAPMAN, Birds at Santarem, Brazil. 25
77. Pipra rubricapilla Temm.—Common and gregarious.
78. Chiroxiphia pareola (Zzzz.).—Common in the second growth of the lowlands; not seen on the ‘mountain’.
79. Manacus manacus (/7zz.).—Common about campos and lowlands : not seen on the ‘mountain.’ In flying they make a humming noise with their wings and a cracking sound with their bills, the latter resembling the sound produced by the striking together of two pebbles.
So. Heterocercus flavivertex Pe/z.-An immature male taken June 4, 1887.
81. Tityra cayana (Lzzn.).—A male taken July 15, 1887.
82. Tityra semifasciata (SAzv).—A male and female taken in June,
83. Tityra albitorques Du Bus.—A male taken July 15, 1887. These birds frequent the treetops. The notes of this species and the two pre- ceding are distinguished by a guttural, clucking sound.
[84. Hadrostomus minor (Zess.).—A male taken by Smith, March 26 1889.—F. M. C. }
85. Pachyrhamphus atricapillus (Gm.).— A female taken July 4, 1887.
[86. Pachyrhamphus rufus (Bodd.).—A female taken by Williams has the grayish nuchal band very narrow but complete.—F. M. C. |
[87. Pachyrhamphus cinereus ( Sodd.).—‘‘Santarem, June 5; common near the town.*]
88. Lathriacinerea ( Veez//.).—Common on the ‘mountain.’ Their call, which resembles the syllables we-we-yow, the two former with a rising, the latter with a falling, accent, was never heard except when the birds were startled by the report of a gun.
89. Lipaugus simplex (Z7chk¢.).—Common in the lowlands.
[90. Attila sf. zxcog.—A female collected by Williams is apparently closely related to A. cétriniventri’s Scl. The upper surface agrees with Sclater’s description of the male of that species, but the lower parts are quite uniformly cinnamomeous, with the abdomen scarcely lighter than the breast, and the chin fulvous, not cinereous. It is not improbable that this bird may be the as yet undescribed female of A. cétriéndventris.— BM Cs)
gt. Attila viridescens /??zdow.
Attila viridescens RipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 522.
A male taken on the ‘mountain’ July 5, 1887.
[Differs from the type of A. sclafer? in having the belly unmarked with yellow or yellowish green and in the almost total absence of this color from the flanks.—F. M. C. ]
92. Cotingaczrulea (V7e7//.).—A male taken July 4, 1887. Said by the natives to be common in the fall, feeding on the fruit trees of the lowlands.
93. Cotinga cayana (Zcnn.).—One male taken.
94. Querula cruenta (Bodd.).—Two males and a female taken respect- ively on July 4 and 5, 1887, in a dense forest on the ‘mountain’ where
*Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., Vol. VIII, No. 8, 1876, p. 79. 4
26 RIKER AND CHAPMAN, &irds at Santarem, Brazil. { January
they were found feeding with Cass‘cus pPersicus amongst the treetops ; their note was a strange grunting sound.
[95. Gymnoderus feetidus (Z7wz.).—A specimen taken by Smith, April 15, 1889.—F. M. C.]
96. Furnarius pileatus Sc/. d& Sa/v.— Common on mud banks near the river, where it was probably feeding on ants. It has a characteristic twitch of the tail resembling the movement of a Sandpiper.
[An adult male taken June 17, 1887, is the second recorded specimen of this species, the type of which was collected at Santarem.—F. M. C. |
[97. Furnarius minor Pe/z.—One specimencollected by Smith in Febru- ary, and a male and female collected by Williams in July. The female resembles the male in coloration, but exhibits what is apparently a trace of albinism in having two upper primary coverts of the right, and three of the left, wing, pure white.— F. M. C.]
[98. Synallaxis guianensis (Gm.).— A male taken by Williams, June, 1883.— F. M. C.]
99. Synallaxis cinnamomea (Gm.).— Common amongst wild rice about the marshes and river.
[100. Synallaxis mustelina Sc/.— A male taken by Williams, May, 1883. Not before recorded from the Lower Amazon.—F. M. C. |
tot. Synallaxis rutilans Zemm.—Common; found running about fallen leaves in semi-palm forests.
102. Berlepschia rikeri ARzdgw.
Picolaptes rtker? RipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IX, 1886, p. 523.
Berlepschia rikert RipGw., ibid., X, 1887, p. 151.— Sct., Ibis, 1889, p. SySitq jolls axle
The single specimen collected of this species was found August 1, 1884, near the border of a palm forest, creeping about amongst the branches of a palm.
103. Philydor erythrocercus (Pe/z.).— A female taken on the ‘moun- tain’ July 15, 1887, resembled a Thrush in its movements.
104. Glyphorhyncus cuneatus (Zicht.).— Common about houses and clearings.
105. Dendrocincla fuliginosa ( Vez7/.).
Dendrocincla rufo-olivacea R1ipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 493-— SCL. Ibis, 1889, p. 353.
Dendrocincla fuliginosa Scu., Cat. Bds. B. M., XV, 1890, p. 165.
A male and female taken on the ‘mountain’ June 15 and 16, 1887.
(With Mr. Ridgway I have been unable to compare these specimens with D. fudigrnosa (Vieill.), and I therefore follow Mr. Sclater, who has examined the type of D. rufo-ol/vacea, in placing them under Vieillot’s species.— F. M. C. ]
106. Dendrocincla castanoptera Ridgw.
Dendrocincla castanoptera RipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p- 494-
Dendrocincla merula Sci., Cat. Bds. B. M., XV, 18go, p. 168.
A male and female taken June 15, 1887, in a forest in the lowlands,
teeding in advance of an army of ants.
1891.] RIKER AND CHAPMAN, S&7zrds at Santarem, Brazil. 277
107. Dendrocolaptes certhia (Bodd.).
Dendrocolaptes obsoletus RipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 527, nec LicuT., Abh. Akad. Berl., 1819, p. 203.
Dendrocolaptes certhia Sci., Cat. Bds. B. M., XV, 1890, p. 173.
A male and female taken July 1, 1887, in the lowlands.
[Mr. Sclater, who has examined the type of D. obsoletus Ridgw., con- siders it inseparable from D. certhéa Bodd. Of the last-named species I have no examples for comparison, and as in any case the name odsoletus is preoccupied, I follow Mr. Sclater in referring these specimens, for the present at least, to D. certhia.— F. M. C.]
108. Nasica longirostris ( Vzezl/.).—Seen only about the river, where it was common.
tog. Dendrornis susurrans (Fard.).
Dendroruis fraterculus RipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 526,
Dendrornis susurrans ELLIOT, Auk, 1890, p. 171.
A male taken June to, 1887, in a semi-palm forest twenty miles from the river.
| Mr. Elliot’s examination of the type and single known specimen of D. fraterculus, resulted in his referring it to D. swsurrans (Jard.,) and with this decision it may be well to agree until further material shall more strongly urge the claims of fraterculus to recognition.— F. M. C. |
[ 110. Dendrornis multiguttata (La/r.)—Three apparently adult females taken by Williams in June and July, 1883. Mr. Elliot in his recent review of the genus Dendrornis (Auk, 1890, p. 175) mentions these specimens one of which, taken July 30, he considers typical of D. multiguttata, while the remaining two are said to ‘“‘probably merely represent a reddish phase of plumage, which I have noticed occurs sometimes with other species of the genus.” This view may account for the marked differences in coloration which exist between the single July and the two June speci- mens, but it does not so well explain the differences shown by the follow- ing measurements (in inches) :
Wing Tail Tarsus Bill from Nostril
July 30, 1883, 3-85 3.25 82 74 June, yy g 3.40 2.70 75 -70 ” ” 2 3.45 2.86 -74 -62
It is not improbable that the largest specimen may have been incorrect ly sexed, when these differences of size and coloration might be consid- ered sexual. At any rate the present material is not conclusive, and fur- ther specimens alone will decide whether these two small, reddish birds are specifically identical with D. multiguttata.— F. M. C.]
ttt. Dendrornis eytoni Sc/.— A single specimen taken on the ‘moun - tain’ Julv 4, 1887.
112. Dendroplex picus (Gm.).— A female taken June 13, 1887.
113. Picolaptes layardi Sc/.— A single specimen taken on the ‘moun- tain, July 4, 1887.
i)
RIKER AND CHAPMAN, Birds at Santarem, Brazil. [January
114. Cymbilanius lineatus (ZLeack).— Three specimens taken in June, 1887.
[i15. Thamnophilus melanurus Gould.— A female taken by Smith January 26, 1889.— F. M. C.]
116. Thamnophilus simplex Se7.— A male taken June 4, 1887.
[In general coloration this specimen agrees exactly with the description and plate of 7. sémplex (Ibis, 1873, p. 387, pl. 15), but the cap is distinctly blackish and not concolor with the plumbeous back as it is stated to be in T. simplex. The type of szmplex, however, taken in January, may have been a bird of the year, having the black cap as yet undeveloped. —F. M. C.]
11y.. Thamnophilus luctuosus (ZLzch¢.).—A male and female taken near the border of streams.
[The female does not agree with Tschudi’s description of the female of this species (Fauna Per., p. 172), but differs from the male only in being slightly smaller and in having the cap chestnut instead of black. Ofthree specimens collected by Smith one has the cap chestnut, in the others it is black. There is no indication of sex on the labels, but the chestnut- capped bird is the smallest of the three.—F. M. C.]
[i18. Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Sc/.— A male taken by Smith, Jan- uary 23, 1889.— F. M. C.]
119. ‘CThamnophilus nevius (Gm.).— A male taken June 13, 1887, in the lowlands.
120. Thamnophilus ambiguus Sw.— A female taken June 13, 1887, in the lowlands, climbing about vines, had a nervous, twitching movement of the tail.
121. Thamnophilus inornatus Rzdgw.
Thamnophilus tnornatus RipGw., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 522:
A male taken June 30, 1887, amongst the vines and underbrush ofa dense forest on the ‘mountain.’
{| Agrees in size and general coloration witha specimen of 7. murénus Pelz. from Merumé Mountains, British Guiana (Whitely). It may be distinguished from that species, however, by the absence of apical spots on the wing-coverts and tail; and the concealed white interscapular spot is also wanting.—F. M. C.]
122. Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus (Lawr.).—A male taken in the lowlands July 15, 1884.
| While not fully adult, this specimen is sufliciently mature for compar- ison with the types of x@grécrzstatus with which, allowing for the difter- ence in age, it agrees.—F. M. C.]
123. Myrmotherula axillaris melanogastra (.Sf7z~). — [Comparison of the four specimens in the Riker collection with AZ. axillaris from Bogota and M. a. melanogastra from Bahia, prove them to be much nearer the latter than the former. In the coloration of the dorsal surface they exactly agree with the Bahia bird, but in the color of the flanks and tip- ping of the tail-feathers are evidently intermediate between it and true anillarts. A male taken June 16, 1887, has the feathers of the entire
—
ay
Se
1891. ] RIKER AND CHAPMAN, Birds at Santarem, Brazil. 29
breast pure white for three fourths their basal length, the apical portion being of the normal black.—F. M. C. ]
[124. Myrmotherula cinereiventris Sc/.—A male taken by Williams June 25, 1883.—F. M. C. ]
125. Dichrozona zonota ?idow.
Dichrozona zonota RiwGw., Proc. U. S. Nat., Mus., X, 1887, p. 524.
A male taken July 4, 1887.
[126. Formicivora grisea (Bodd.). 1883. and a female by Smith without date of capture.
[127. Formicivora rufa ( Wed).
Thamnophilus rufater LAFR. & v'ORB., Syn. Av., p. 12 (Mag. de ZOO!., 1837).
Formictvora rufa, ALLEN, Bull. A. M. N. H., II. 3, 1889, p. 253.
[A male taken by Williams is slightly darker above than Chapada,
A male taken by Williams, June, Jy Mls (Ca
Mitto Grosso, specimens, and the feathers of the head are centrally streaked with black. This record apparently extends the range of this species from Pernambuco to the Lower Amazon.—F. M. C.]
128. Hypocnemis lugubris (Cad.).—An adult male taken July 11, 1887, in the underbrush of the lowlands.
[A male taken by Williams, June 25, 1883, is not fully adult; the black feathers of the throat and sides of the neck have whitish tips and there are traces of brown throughout the plumage. In Mr. Riker’s specimen the outer Web of the primary coverts is margined with grayish white, and this color appears in faint terminal spots on the greater and lesser wing- coverts.—F. M. C.]
129. Hypocnemis hypoleuca (/e7dgw.).
Fleterocnemts hypoleuca sp. nov.? RipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 523.
A female taken July 11, 1887, in company with the preceding.
[ Mr. Sclater, to whom I have forwarded a second and typical female of this species taken by Williams, June 26, 1883, writes me that it is not the female of Heterocnemis argentata (Des Murs), which by Mr. Ridgway was considered possible (2. c.), but belongs to a species closely allied to Hypocnemts lugubris.—F. M. C. |
130. [Rhototerpe torquata (Bodd.).—‘‘Deep woods near Santarem, May 19; common.”*]
131. Phlogopsis bowmani /?7er.
Phlogopsis bowmant Riker MS., Ripew., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p- 524.
Two adult males taken July 15, 1887, in a dense forest on the ‘moun- tain,’ feeding upon the insects preceding the army ants.
132. Rhegmatorhina gymnops /?tzdgw.
Rhegmatorhina gymnops RipGw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. Sor
Gymnopithys gymnops Scr., Cat. Bds. B. M., XV, 1890, p. 297.
*Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., Vol. VIII, No. 8, 1876, p. 80,
30 RIKER AND CHAPMAN, Birds at Santarem Brazil. [January
A pair taken July 15, 1887, were found associated with Pklogopsis bow- Mant.
[The elongated and stiffened feathers of the crown and more rounded tail of this species appear to me to be sufficiently good characters on whcih to separate it generically from Gymunopithys.— F. M. C.]
33. Eupetomena macroura (Gm.).— A male and female taken on the campos, July 14, 1884.
134. Thalurania glaucopsis (Gm.).—Three females taken in June and July, 1887.
135. Thalurania furcatoides Gou/d.—A male taken August 2, 1884.
136. Eucephala cerulea (Vez//.).—Common during June and July of 1884 and 1887.
[137- Antrostomus s/f. ¢xcog. —A female collected by Smith, January 23, 188g, measures: wing 5.00; tail, 3.70 in. The crown is almost entirely black, the spots on the quills, the tail-bars, and the abdomen are buffy. —F.M. C.]
138. Nyctidromus albicollis (Gm.).—Common.
[139. Picumnus cirratus Temm.—A female in faded and worn plumage collected by Williams, September 3, 1883, is provisionally referred to this species. The abraded condition of the plumage renders its characters too obscure to permit positive identification.—F. M. C. ]
[140. Ceophlceus tracheolopyrrhus (Ma/h.).—An adult male taken by Smith, January 24, 1889.—F. M. C. ]
141. Ceophlceus lineatus (Zzzn.).—Common.
142. Ceophleus melanoleucus (Gm.).— Two females taken during June and July, 1887. 143. Chloronerpes affinis selysi (Ma/h.). — Two males and a female
taken during June and July.
[They differ from Bahia specimens (affzzs) only in the restriction of the yellow nuchal band.—F. M. C.]
[144. Chloronerpes flavigularis (Bodd.).—A female collected by Smith March 15, 1889, agrees with Malherbe’s plate of Chloropicus chloroceph- alus, but is quite different from Guianan specimens of favigularés in the Lawrence Collection, which have the white markings of the throat gut- tate, or scutiform, while in the Santarem specimen they are broadly tri- angular.—F. M. C. ]
145. Chrysoptilus guttatus (S/zx).
Picus guttatus Sp1x, Av. Bras., I, 1824, p. 61, pl. viil.
An adult female and an immature male, taken respectively July 13 and June 23, 1887, in the flooded districts on the banks of the river.
[These specimens differ from a Venezuelan example, identified as C. punctigula by Mr.Sclater, in being slightly smaller, paler, and less heavily spotted below, and especially in the pattern of coloration of the black and white markings of the throat. In the Venezuelan bird the feathers of this region are white with a central black streak which is broadest basally and after a slight sub-terminal constriction widens at the tip. In the Santa
1Sgt.| RIKER AND CHAPMAN, Birds at Santarem, Brazil. aT
rem birds these feathers are black with two white apical spots. From the southern form of C. punctigula, C. p. punctipectus (Cab. & Hein.*) it may be distinguished by its darker coloration and by the same char- acters in the pattern of the throat feathers which separate it from C. punc- tigula. Chrysoptilus spectosus Scl. (= C. punctipectus Tacz., Orn. Peru, III, p. 88, zec Cab. & Heine.) I have not seen; it is evidently closely re- lated to, but larger than, the Lower Amazonian form. The Pécus gutta- tus of Spix, described from the Amazon, has by authors been synonymized with the earlier Prcus punctigula (Bodd.). While Spix’s description is not sufficiently detailed to render certain the form he had in hand, the locality he gives, ‘‘¢% sylvis fl. Amazonum,” makes it extremely probable his specimens were similar to the Santarem bird. Measurements (in inches) of four forms are appended.
Wing Tail Exposed Culmen C. punctigula, Venezuela, Q ad. 4.42 2.78 86 C. p. punctipectus, Rio, @ ad. 4.48 3.08 62 C. guttatus, Santarem, 2 ad. 4.28 2.70 gl ee oe Ht & im. 3:97 2.50 75 C. spectosus,Upper Amazon, @ ad. 4.71 3.26 1.027 146. Melanerpes cruentatus (Bodd.). — Common about plantations in
the lowlands, puncturing holes in oranges.
147. Celeus ochraceus (Sf/7x).— A female taken June, 1887, near the river.
148. Celeus citrinus (odd.).— A male taken June 16, and a female, July 5, 1887. Feet and feathers covered with a sticky substance in which were matted quantities of ants. The only reason for this I can advance is that they enter the nests of wild bees in quest of young bees or honey-
[The male is quite different from Guianan specimens and has only the inner half of the inner web of the secondaries brown; the female, how- ever, has the whole inner web and inner half of the outer web brown. while the outer and median secondaries are wholly brown. If separable asa form from the Guianan bird the synonymy might stand as follows : Picus flavicans Spix, Av. Bras., I, p. 60, pl. li, fig. 2, nec Picus flavicans Latu., Ind. Orn., I, p. 240= Picus citrinus Bopp., Tabl. Enl. p. 30, No. 509.
(To be concluded.)
* Mus. Hein., IV, 1863, p. 163. + Tacz., Orn. Peru, III, p. 88.
Cie CHENEY. Some Brrd Songs. {January
SOME BIRD SONGS. BY SIMEON PEASE CHENEY.
CATBIRD.
With something of the style of the Brown Thrush, the Catbird is not his equal in song. He is generally considered a mocking- bird, and does make use of the notes of different birds, delivering them in snatchy, disconnected fashion. It is easy to trace in the Catbird’s singing the notes of the Red-eyed Vireo, the Brown Thrasher, Bluebird, Robin, and Yellow-breasted Chat. — [lis performance on the whole is very interesting, given, as it is, ina lively manner, with an occasional tone truly sweet and musical. Much of his singing, however, is mere twitter, often little more than a succession of squeaks, too antic to be put on paper.
“ 2 p—? 6 — eee e A STN of BEA | 97 arate te ee Fp ati =—— p ee ° ° = ge .ig Its sree acer —p— f Bch rd t — ae —— =) Grr ee eee meen ees — e ° . => 1 eaaY EE pe 7 RY REE ER 0) Lae of aaee 6: pa ee Se ae eee e = SS TT - 2 o o (a eT TO a RE” ie a es le G ie eae a ee 2, Eee ° ° oe : ek ge Ears ae Open ae e_ et 6? ize oe eZ au Soy ee a =e
Sod az ff 6 > oe ays e# SSS ~ nan DS ( ee ee ee eee “||
: 2 =
BROWN THRUSH ; BROWN THRASHER.
Despite a lack of quality in tone, the Thrasher is one of the favorites; his fame is assured. In exuberance and peculiarity
1S91.] CHENEY. Some Bird Songs.
ws) w
of performance he is unsurpassed, unless it be by the Catbird. While prone to the conversational style, he is capable of splendid inspiration. On a fine morning in June, when he rises to the branch of a wayside tree, or to the top of a bush at the edge of the pasture, the first eccentric accent compels us to admit that the spirit of song has fast hold on him. As the fervor increases, his long and elegant tail droops, his whole plumage is loosened and trembling, his head is raised, and his bill is wide open; there is no mistake, it is the power of the god. No pen can report him now ; we must wait till the frenzy passes. Then we may catch such fragments as these :
r e o e @ e o--_—— e-_@ Gases te @—? e_—_#___ : a ee o Yee os £59 e > D o-# __# id r) . eae a e_ , Ses (ce se zi —~= SS a_i gr ar eo ) Papp lg Pig ® eae eee ae 2 ee ee ee ee —_ he =-s = ge {ren lee cn" 7B — a ese reco lee ez re a ps a Cts aay Ti SE Bi a aa be ei —_—— ae Sa Se oA o 6 2 =: = ——s ss ZA ts + e ee as fe? 2? —be-t e- rT nearer a 1 5 oe 2 a ae o-__|-—_ 9 es a a \ a ae aa oa Pia ren a ae - 0. eee Fe Pe ae ee ae aa me —— ee EE ee Pie DH » SS aaa ee Se ae ee = = 2 s- - +e + 2 peru ae iar Ly a a at ae Lei J ee i oS aid Gre EEE ESS ES
WHIPPOORWILL.
No bird in New England is more readily known by his song 5
34 CuHenety, Some Bird Songs. | January
than is the Whippoorwill. In the courageous repetition of his name he accents the first and last syllables, the last most ; always measuring his song with the same rhythm, while very consider- ably varying the melody—which latter fact is discovered only by most careful attention. Plain, simple and stereotyped as his song appears, marked variations are introduced in the course of it. The whippoorwill uses nearly all the intervals in the natural scale, even the octave. I have never detected a chromatic tone. Per- haps the favorite song-form is this:
An eccentric part of the Whippoorwill’s musical performance is the introduction of a ‘c/ack’ immediately after each ‘wh7p-poor- will’; so that the song is a regular, unbroken, rhythmical chain from beginning to end. One must be near the singer to hear the ‘cluck’ ; otherwise he will mark a rest in its place.
This bird does not stand erect with head up like the Robin when he sings, but stoops slightly, puts out the wings a little and keeps them in a rapid tremor throughout the entire song. Wilson decided that it required a second of time for the delivery of each ‘whip-poor-will.’ ** When two or more males meet,” he adds, ‘‘ their whzp-poor-w7ll altercations become much more rapid and incessant, as if each were straining to overpower or silence the other.” These altercations are sometimes very amusing. ‘Three Whippoorwills, two males and a female, indulged in them for several evenings one season, in my garden. They came just at dark, and very soon a spirited contest began. Frequently they flew directly upward, one at a time. Occasionally one flew down into the path near me, put out his wings, opened his big mouth, and hissed like a goose disturbed in the dark. But, the most peculiar, the astonishing feature of the contention was the frzadZe. Toward the close of the trial of speed and power, the unwieldy name was dropped, and they rattled on freely with the same rhythm that the name would have required, alternating in their rushing triplets, going faster and faster, louder and louder, to the end.
ey.
1Sg1.] CHENEY, Some Bird Songs. 35 GreSCazO CONG CGCLET ON CO Wiale sisrccsate stele oud aloes fereehnic cc's sels lee s.ccee cece ova _——
Meee —s ms poe AY ps == % — sn A. z ny sel <a oan Dae b = — eae 2? -\g-@ —- pe lieert ofS is ee = ; (eens eo! : eee eee | oe Sao = = Whip - pvor-will, whip - poor-will Ist voice. 2nd voice, Ist. ee pare oe ot o 7 e ¢ Pe ieee ieee ASS F jek Bed || ey oor gs 7373 ee Sa aee: Ee a ——_ ——” ee os — a : _ 2nd. Ist. 2nd. Ist. Qpa Ist. 2nd. °
Various melodic forms:
\. ° \ rm rm Z <a 2s J ee pies! Gr ——— oe a Zf F=2 ae ve Beg a || : — Ge ee
Whip - poor-will (cluck)Whip - poor-will (clack) Whip - poor-will (cluck) = —— == Ne Paha Ne = pens Eh ig i E
= > eS ee oe ee eee > = => 2 a 7 nah ee es es es ee Se es) a eee Grr? Z Pe RST cy Se ~~ se a — — — a @. ee ee ee eee —— —— = £2 \ 2 2 \ 22 Bis \e ( Somwele: Ne “aN a See eee ee = = — => = iP Ne or Pa er we Per as =e aet li 8va = = (aera Nw Net = SSR” A Eo Lae aA 8va 1S SS ee Se ee a t ve =i ov ie i oy cies @ Saania @ TS, a
26 CuEenty, Some Bird Songs. [January ScARLET TANAGER.
This Tanager, the Baltimore Oriole’s rival in beauty, is the less active, the less vigorous charmer of the two, and has less vocal power; but it would be difficult to imagine a more pleasing and delicate exhibition of a bird to both eye and ear than that pre- sented by this singer in scarlet and black, as he stands on the limb of some tall tree in the early sun, shining, and singing, high above the earth, his brief, plaintive, morning song. The Tana- ger’s is an unobtrusive song, while the percussive, ringing tones of the Oriole compel attention. In the spring of 1888 a beautiful singer greeted me one summer morning from the top of a tall oak near the house. He paid frequent visits to the same tree-top during the entire season, and sang the same song, beginning and ending with the same tones :
b-t—@ o-?-—_* r) (a= ae eee
Still, like other birds, he had his variations :
ia a = ee
These were all June songs, the last two being sung late in the afternoon. -
Though the singer’s home was in the near woods, we did not discover the nest of his mate. There came a time of silence, and an absence of flaming plumage, and finally a family of Tanagers —undoubtedly ours—male and female and three unfinished young
‘4 4
; 4 a © a 2 4 3
1891. | Cory ox the Species of Cereba. 34 Tanagers of a neutral, olive tint, were about our grounds in the last days of August, evidently preparing to leave for their home in the tropics. The husband and father had dofted both his ‘singing-robe’ and his garment of scarlet, and wore in silence a traveling-dress of mixed pea-green and willow-yellow. More desirous than ever to avoid notice, there was about him a most captivating air of quietness and modesty.
ON THE WEST INDIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CERTHIOLA OR C@REBA*
BY CHARLES B. CORY.
GENUS Ccereba VIEILLOT.
Cereba VIEILLOT, Ois.. Am. Sept. I, 1807, p. 70. Type, C. /flaveola Linn.
A. Throat ash color or ashy white; large, white wing-spot on quills ex- tending beyond primary coverts.
Coereba bahamensis (/ezch.).
Certhia bahamensis Briss. Orn. III, p. 620 (1760). Certhiola bakamensts ReicH. Handb. I, p. 253 (1853).—Cory, Birds Ba- hama Islands, p. 76 (1880); zd. Birds West Indies, p. 61 (1889). Certhiola batirdit Cas. J. f. O. 1865, p. 412. Careba bahamensts RipGw. Man. N. A. Birds, p. 590 (1887). Throat ashy white; ash white on abdomen. HasiratT.—Bahama Islands (61).t
Coereba sharpei (Cory).
Certhiola sharper Cory, Auk, III, pp. 497, 501 (1886).—Ripnew. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. p. 574 (1887). Throat more ashy than in bakamensis; belly pale yellow or yellowish white. Hasrirar.—Grand Cayman (36), Littlhé Cayman (19), and Cayman Brac (13).
*According to Mr. Ridgway (Manual of N. Am. Birds, p. 590 (1887), Cereda must be used for this genus.
+The numbers of specimens examined are given after the names of the islands on which the species occur.
38 Cory on the Species of Careba. [January
B. Throat ash gray; white spot showing beyond primary coverts.
Coereba portoricensis (Bryant).
Certhiola flaveola var. portoricensts BRYANT, Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. X, p. 252 (1886). Certhtola portoricensis SUND, Consp. 1869, p. 622.—ScLaTeErR, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 41 (1886).—-Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 62 (1889). Certhiola sancti-thome RipGw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, pp. 28-29 (1885). Under parts and rump yellowish olive. Some specimens from Anegada have the throat slightly darker than those from St. Thomas or Porto Rico. Hapiratr.—Porto Rico (16), Culebra (1), Anegada (26), Tortola (6), Virgin Gorda (28), St. Thomas (10), St. John (4).
Ceereba luteola (Cad.).
Certhiola luteola Cas. Mus. Hein. I, p. 96.—ScLatrer, Cat. Am. Bds. p. 53 (1862).—TayLor, Ibis, 1864, p. 179.—ScLATER, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 40 (1886). Certhiola flaveola Ltoraunp, Ois. Trinidad, p. 126. Certhiola godmani Cory, Auk, VI, p. 219 (1889). Under parts and rump bright orange yellow; throat slightly darker than in portoricenszs; back dark. Hasitatr.—Grenada (9), Trinidad (2), Tobago (1), Venezuela (6), and north coast of Colombia.
C. Throat dark slaty gray; white spot at base of primaries. cl. Rump bright yellow.
Cocereba bananivora (Gmel.).
Motacilla banantvora GMEL. Syst. Nat. I, p. 951 (1788).
Certhiola bananitvora BRYANT, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Ep O5 (1865).—Cory, Bds. Hayti and San Domingo, p. 41 (1885); zd. Bds. West Indies, p. 63 (188g).—ScLaTEr, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p- 40 (1886).
Certhiola chiste Harti. Naumannia, II, pt. 2, p. 56 (1852).—Scr. & SALV. Nomen. Avium Neotr. p. 17 (1873).
Hasirar.—-Hayti and San Domingo (65).
Coereba flaveola (Linzn.).
Certhia fiaveola LiNN. Syst. Nat. I, p. 187 (1766).
Certhiola flaveola Gosse, Bas. Jamaica, p 84 (1847).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 65 (1889).—ScLatrer, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, Pp. 43 (1876).
Throat darker than in dananivora. HABITAT.—Jamaica (13).
1So1.] Cory on the Species of Cereba. 39 c*. Lump yellowish olive.
Coereba newtoni (Bazrd).
Certhiola faveola A. and E. Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 67. Certhiola newtont Batrpv, American Nat. VII, p. 611 (1873).—RiIpGw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, pp. 28-30 (1885).—ScLaTerR, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 43 (1876).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 65 (188g). Superciliary stripe very heavy and extending to the bill; white mark- ing in quills truncate. HaBiratT.—St. Croix (33).
Ccoereba saccharina (Law*y.).
Certhtola saccharina LAawre. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. I, p. 151 (1878). — Ripew. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, pp. 28-30 (1885).—ScLATER, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 42 (1886).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 64 (1889). Throat darker than in C. newtont. Hapirar.—St. Vincent (7).
D. Throat dark slaty gray; comparatively little or no white showing on quills; rump dull yellowish olive.
Coereba dominicana ( 7Zaylor).
Certhiola° dominicana TAyYtor, Ibis, 1864, p. 167.—-SCLATER, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 44 (1886).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 65 (1889). Certhiola sundevalli RipGw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, p. 26. HasBiTrat.—Dominica (14), Marie Galante (13), Desirade (4), Barbuda (3), Nevis (2), St. Kitts (15), St. Eustatius (14), Saba (3).
Ccereba bartolemica (Sfjarrm.).
Certhia bartolemica SpaRRM. Mus. Carls. fase. III, No. 57 (1788).
Certhiola bartolemtca Reicu. Hand. Scans. p. 253 (1853).—Ripew. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, p. 28 (1885) —Scrarer, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 42 (1886).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 64 (1889).
Allied to dominicana, but showing some white on the quills. The superciliary stripe in the specimens examined from St. Bartholemew begins above the eye; but one of the Anguilla specimens, which I have referred to this species, has the superciliary stripe nearly reaching the bill. It is now known that the extent of the grayish white feathers on the forehead and the length and color of the superciliary stripe vary much in several species with age and season, and are of comparatively little value as distinguishing characters. Unfortunately lack of sufficient material from St. Bartholemew renders it unwise to attempt to decide as to the specific value of dominicana; but in case the two forms should prove to be inseparable, bartolemica, being the older name, would of course stand, and domintcana become a synonym.
40 Cory on the Spectes of Cereba. [ January Hapirar.—St. Bartholemew (3), Anguilla (2) ? E. Throat bicolored.
Ccereba martinicana /rezch.).
Certhia martinicana s. saccharivora Briss. Orn. III, p. 611 (1760). Certhiola martinicana Reicu. Handb. I, p. 252 (1853).—RipGw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, pp. 28-30 (1885).—ScLaTer, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 46 (1886).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 66 (1889). Certhiola albigula Be. Compt. Rend. 1854, p. 259.—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, p- 167. Certhiola finschi Ripew. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, p. 25 (1885). ‘_ Throat black with median white stripe nearly reaching the bill; imma- ture birds have the superciliary stripe yellow, a phase of plumage which occurs in several other species. HasiTaT.—Martinique (30), St. Lucia (6).
Ccereba barbadensis ( Bazrd).
Certhiola barbadensis BatrD, Am. Nat. VII, p. 612 (1873).—Rip6w. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, pp. 28-30 (1885).—ScLaTer, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 46 (1886).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 66 (1889). Throat black with a patch of white on the lower half joining the yellow of the breast. Hasrrat.—Barbados (29).
F. Plumage entirely black, often showing a faint greentsh gloss.
Ccereba wellsi (Cory). |
Certhiola wellst Cory, Auk, VI, p. 219 (1889).
HasiTat.—Grenada (9).
Cceereba atrata (Lawr.).
Certhiola atrata Lawr. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sciences, I, p. 150 (1878) .— RipGw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, pp. 28-30 (1885).—ScLATER, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XI, p. 47 (1886).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p. 67 (1889). HABITAT.—St. Vincent (7).
The species of the genus not included in the foregoing list are as fol- lows :— C. tricolor (/?¢dgw.).—Old Providence (11), St. Andrews (14). C. tricolor RiapGw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, p. 178. Throat slightly more ashy than sharper, and breast, rump, and under parts more orange yellow.
wSor.] Cory ox West Indian Birds. 4I
C. caboti (Bazrd).—Cozumel Is. (4). Certhrola caboti BAiRD, Am. Nat. VII. p. 612 (1873). Throat dull white, lighter than in dJahamensts; belly yellow; olive on the flanks and vent.
C. mexicana (Sclafer).—Mexico (3), Guatemala (5), Panama (2). Certhrola mexicana SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 286. Throat ash gray; white spot at base of primaries variable in size; rump yellowish olive.
C. mexicana columbiana (Cad.).—Panama (2) to Peru. Certhiola columbiana Cas. J. f- O. 1865, p. 412. Rump brighter vellow than in mexzcana. A race of doubtful value.
C. mexicana peruviana (Cad.).—Peru (5), Bolivia (1). Certhiola peruviana Cas. J. f. O. 1865, p. 413. Wing spot very small. Intermediate between mexicana and chloropyga. C. mexicana magnirostris ( Zacz.).—Peru (2). Certhiola magunirostris Tacz. P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 225. Bill large; apparently no other distinguishing characters. C. chloropyga (Caéd.).—Brazil (5), north to Guiana, Cayenne (2). Certhiola chloropyga Cas. Mus. Hein. I, p. 97 (1851). Certhiola guianensis CAs. Mus. Hein. I, p. 97 (1851). Certhiola majuscula Cas. J. f. O. 1865, p. 413. Throat ashy gray; lower rump olive yellow; back slaty brown; wing spot concealed.
Of the 615 specimens examined while preparing the present paper 583 are contained in my own collection. The balance were loaned me for examination by the American Museum of Natural History, New York, through the kindness of Dr. J. A. Allen, and the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, by Mr. Robert Ridgway, to both of whom I wish to express my thanks.
NOTES ON WEST INDIAN BIRDS.
BY CHARLES B. CORY.
THE coLLections lately forwarded to me from the West Indies contain a large series of so-called MWargarops montanus, which, taken together with those already in my cabinet, form a series of 121 specimens from the various islands where it occurs. A care-
42 Cory on West Indian Birds. [January
ful examination and comparison of the material now before me shows that the variation in color of specimens from different islands is not at all constant, and I am forced to the conclusion that the supposed races aldzveniris and rufus as described by Mr. Lawrence and myself, are untenable.
It is evident that the species in question should be separated generically from C7chlherminia, as Margarops cannot be used, the type being given as fuscatus. | therefore propose the name of Adlenza, in compliment to Dr. J. A. Allen of New York, for the new genus.
Allenia montana (LaFrr.).
Turdus montannus LAFR. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 107.
Margarops montanus SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 336; zb¢d. 1871, p. 268.— Gray, Handl. Bds. I, p. 259 (1869).—Cory, birds of the West Indies, p. 29 (1889).
Cichlherminia montana SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. VI, p. 330, (1881).
Margarops albtventris LAWRENCE, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., IV, p.
23 (1887). Margarops montanus rufus Cory, Auk, V, p. 47 (1888).
HasiratT.—Grenada, St. Vincent, Martinique, St. Lucia, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, Desirade, St. Kitts, An- tigua, St. Eustatius.
I have been fortunate in being able to procure a very large series of Czchlherminia fuscata and C. densirostris from the Antilles. numbering in all over two hundred specimens, and a careful examination of this material gives the following results.
1. That there is a gradual change in color from a light brown form in the extreme north (Inagua, Bahamas) to a dark brown form with slightly different markings in the extreme south (St. Lucia).
2. That the change in color is so gradual that specimens from approximate islands cannot be separated.
3. That there is no positive line of demarcation, and that the two forms should be separated subspecifically if at all.
It is claimed that birds from the Lesser Antilles have the iris yellow, while in those from Porto Rico, Inagua and some of the northern islands it is white. According to the notes given by iny collectors this does not seem to be a constant character, as the
a
1S91.] Cory on West Indian Birds. 43
color of the eye in specimens from Martinique and Dominica is given as yellowish white, whitish yellow, and pale yellow, while some birds from Inagua and Porto Rico are noted as having the eye dull white and ‘iris yellowish white.”
By restricting C. fuscata to the Bahamas, Porto Rico, San Domingw. St. Croix, and the Virgin Islands, we should arrange the genus as follows:
Cichlherminia fuscata (VIEILL.).
Turdus fuscatus Viritt. Ois. Am. Sept. II, p. 1 (1807).—Bp. Consp. I, p- 276 (1850).
Colluricincla fusca GOULD, P. Z. S. 1836, p.6.
Margarops fuscatus SCLATER, P. Z.S. 1859, p. 335.—Cory, Bds. Bahama Islands, p. 47 (1880); ¢d@. Bds. Hayti and San Domingo, p. 22 (1885) ; zd. Birds of the West Indies, p. 28 (1889).
Cichlherminia fuscata, A. and BK. Newton, J6¢s, 1859. p. 141.—SHARPE, Cat, Bds. Brit. Mus. VI, p. 329 (1881).
Hasirar.—-Inagua, Bahamas, San Domingo, Porto Rico, St. Croix, and the Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda, St. Thomas, and Tortola).
Cichlherminia fuscata densirostris (VIEILL.).
Turdus denstrostris Vie1Lu. Nouv. Dict. XX, p. 233 (1816).—LArr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 167.
Cichlherminia denstrostris Be. Compt. Rend. XXXVIII, p. 2 (1854).— SHARPE, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. VI, p. 330 (1881).
Margarops densirostris SCLATER, P. Z. S. 185g. p- 336. — ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V, p. 166 (1880).—Cory. Birds West Indies, p. 29 (1889).
Hasirat.—St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Anguilla, Antigua, Mont- serrat, Dominica, Martinique, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia, and Bar- bados.
Cichlherminia herminieri (Larr.).
Turdus herminiert LAFR. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 167.
Cichlherminia hermintert Br. Comp. Rend. XXXVIII, p. 2 (1854). -- SHARPE, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. VI, p. 327 (1881).—Cory, Birds West Indies, p. 21 (1889).
Cichlherminia bonapartii Scr. P. Z. S. 1859, p- 335:
Margarops herminiert Sci. & Sarv. Nomen. Avium Neotropical. p. 2 (1873). — Lawre. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. I, p. 52 (1878)—SctaTer, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 72.
Hasitat —Guadeloupe.
44 Cory on West Indian Birds. [January
Cichlherminia lawrencii sp. nov.
Sp. car. (Type No. 15056, ¢, Coll. C. B. Cory, Boston). Upper parts, wings, and tail dark rufous brown; throat reddish brown, the middle of the feathers marked unevenly with brownish white, edged with reddish brown. The feathers of the under parts are white. edged with brown, showing large, white, arrow-shaped markings on the lower breast and belly; feathers of the under wing-coverts white. edged with brown; under surface of inner primaries showing pale rufous brown on the inner webs. Length g.50; wing 5.50; tail 3.75; tarsus 1.50; bill .95 inch.
The Montserrat bird is intermediate in color between dom7zn- tcensts and herminiert. The feathers on the throat are edged with rufous brown, not pale brown as in hermdnierz. The back is reddish brown, not pale olive as in hermnierz, or dark brown as in domdntcensis. The white. arrow- shaped markings on the underparts are larger and more regular.
Hasirat.—Montserrat. West Indies.
Cichlherminia sanctz-luciz (ScLATER).
Margarops herminter? Sci. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 268.
Margarops sancte-Luct@ Scv. Ibis, 1880, p.73.—ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V, p. 165 (1880).
Margarops herminieré var. sempert Lawr. MS. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V, p. 165 (1880).
Cichlherminia sancte-lucie SHARPE, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. VI, p. 238 (1881).—-Cory, Birds West Indies, p 22 (1889).
Hasitrat.—St. Lucia. St. Vincent?
Cichlherminia dominicensis (Lawr.).
Margarops herminieri Lawr. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. I, p. §2 (1878).
Margarops dominicensis LAWR. Proc. U.S Nat. Mus. III, p. 16 (1880).
Cichlherminia dominicensis SHARPE, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. VI, p. 328 (1881).—Cory, Bds. West Indies, p, 22 (1889).
Hasitat.—Dominica. Martinique?
In a large series of M/imus orpheus now before me from the Bahamas and Greater Antilles the specimens from the different islands fail to show any differences sufficiently constant to warrant separating them specifically. Some birds vary decidedly in size and coloration, but as much variation is noticeable in specimens from the same locality as in those from different islands.
at
wSgr.] Cory on West Indian Birds. 45
The tail marking varies in different specimens, and some exam- ples show the two external tail-feathers differently marked in the same bird. At first glance the Inagua bird would appear to represent a fairly good race, as the average specimens are slightly smaller, and a majority of them have the white patch on the primaries completely covered, when the wing is closed, by the white primary coverts (the primary coverts are sometimes white and sometimes tipped and blotched with brown, according to age and season), but taken in large series it is found that at least one fourth of the specimens show the white on the closed wing ex- tending beyond the primary coverts, and we find birds from Porto Rico, San Domingo, the Caymans, and Cuba, which vary in the same manner having the white on the quills both covered and exposed. |
The difference between AZ. orpheus and M. polyglottos are not always well marked. In many cases they are very close in- deed, in fact I do not know a single character which is absolutely constant whereby they may be distinguished. Some Florida and Texas birds are darker and somewhat larger than any West Indian specimens I have seen, but birds occur on Andros Island, Abaco, and others of the northern Bahama Islands which it is difficult to refer to one or the other. We have therefore no alternative but to consider orpheus as a subspecies of polyglottos.
Mimus polyglottos orpheus (LINN.).
Turdus orpheus LINN. Syst. Nat. I, p. 169 (1758): ¢b. p. 293 (1766).
Mimus polyglottus Gossk, Bds. Jamaica, p. 144 (1847).
Mimus orpheus Gray, Gen. Bds. I, p. 221 (1844). — Cory, Bds. West In- dies, p. 33 (1889).
Mimus polyglottus var. cebanensts BRYANT, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. p- 6S (1866).
Mimus elegans SHARPE, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. VI, p. 339 (1881).
Turdus dominicus LINN. Syst. Nat. I, p. 295 (1766).
Mimus dominicus Cory, Bds. Hayti and San Domingo, p. 21 (1885); ¢d. Bds. West Indies, p. 34 (i889).
Mimus orpheus var. dominicus Cory, Bds. Bahama Islands, p. 48 (1880).
Hasirat. — Jamaica, Cuba, Grand Cayman, San Domingo,
Andros, Abaco, and Inagua, Bahamas.
The Porto Rico bird is perhaps worthy of subspecific separa- tion, as a majority of the specimens are larger and darker than
46 Cory, Birds of Anguilla, Antigua, and St.Eustatius. [January
those from neighboring islands. The wings and tail are verv dark, almost black, but my cabinet also contains specimens from Porto Rico which are difficult to distinguish from birds taken in Cuba and San Domingo.
Mimus polyglottos portoricensis Bryanr.
Mimus polyglottus var. portortcensis BRYANT. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XI, p. 68 (1866). Mimus polyglottus GUNDLACH, Anales de la Soe. Esp. de Hist. Nat. VIF, p- 173 (1878). Hasirat.—Porto Rico.
A COLLECTION OF BIRDS TAKEN BY CYRUS S. WINCH IN THE ISLANDS OF ANGUILLA, AN- TIGUA, AND ST. EUSTATIUS, WEST INDIES, DURING APRIL, MAY, JUNE, AND A PART OF JULY, 18go.
BY CHARLES B. CORY.
ANGUILLA. Podilymbus podiceps (Lixn.). Elznea martinicana (ZLznn.). Gallinula galeata (Lich?.). Euetheia bicolor (Zzzw.). Fulica caribea (Redgw.). Loxigilla noctis (Zzzn.). Himantopus mexicanus Miil?. Coereba bartholemica? (Sparrm.)- Falco caribbearum Gmel. Cichlherminia fuseata densirostris Ceryle alcyon (Lznz.). ( Veecd?.). Tyrannus dominicensis (Gme?.). Galeoscoptes carolinensis (L7zv.)- ANTIGUA. Larus atricilla (Lén.). Pelecanus fuscus L7xn. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida Cadot. Gallinula galeata (Lich?.). Sterna dougalli Aont.* Fulica caribea Ridgw. Sterna antillarum (Less.). Himantopus MiiZ/.
* Specimens of this species taken in June have the basal half of the bill red, and in three specimens the red color extends more than half the length of the bill. In al these birds the black cap is complete. In specimens taken in September, which have he black cap imperfect or mixed with white and gray, the bill is entirely black.
vn)
#Sq1.]
Symphemia semipalmata (Gmel.).
Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.). Colinus virginianus (Lrnn.). Columba leucocephala Zixzn. Zenaida zenaida (Bonap.). Geotrygon mystacea (Temm.).
Columbigallina passerina (Zzxz.).
Buteo latissimus ( W7s.).* Falco caribbearum (Gwmel.). Speotyto amaura Lawr. Coccyzus minor (Gmel.). Coccyzus americanus (Linw.).
Cory, Birds of St. Croix, St. Kitts, and Guadeloupe. 47
Bellona exilis (Gmed.) Eulampis holosericeus (L7zz.). Tyrannus dominicensis (Gmed.). Elenea martinica (Len7.). Euetheia bicolor (Liun.). Loxigilla noctis (L7z7.). Piranga erythromelas Vezdd. Vireo calidris (Lzvn.). Ccereba dominicana (Taylor). Dendroica ruficapilla (Gmed.). Allenia montana (Laj/r.). Cichlherminia fuscata densirostris (Vierll.).
Str. EustTaTIius.
Phaéthon flavirostris Brandt. Ardea cerulea Lizz.
Columba corensis Gmel. Zenaida zenaida (Bonap.). Falco caribbearum Gmel. Bellona exilis (Gmel.). Eulampis holosericeus (Lizn.). Tyrannus dominicensis (Gmel.). Euetheia bicolor (Lexzz.). Loxigilla noctis (Zznz.).
Vireo calidris (L7zm.). Progne dominicensis (Gmel.). Ceereba dominicana ( Taylor). Mniotilta varia (/7znz.). Dendroica ruficapilla (Gmed.,, Compsothlypis americana (Lzvx.). Dendroica discolor ( Vzezé/.). Setophaga ruticilla (Lzz2.). Allenia montana (Lafr.). Cichlherminia fuscata densirostris (Vier?l.).
Baeeiot OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED IN, 72EEs
ISLANDS OF ST. CROIX
AND ST. KITTS, WEST
INDIES, DURING MARCH AND APRIL, AND IN GUADELOUPE DURING AUGUST,
SEPTEMBER, AND OCTOBER,
1890.
BY CHARLES B. CORY.
Sr. CROEX.
Gallinula galeata (Licht.). Ardea virescens Linn. Nycticoraxviolaceus (Lzvn.).
Ctanus flavipes (Gmel.). Columba leucocephala Lun. Columba corensis Gmel.
* A rather small pale form, resident in Antigua, and quite abundant.
48
Zenaida martinicana Bonafp. Geotrygon mystacea (Temm.). Columbigallina passerina (L7nm.). Falco caribbearum Gmel. Crotophaga ani (L2vm.).
Bellona exilis (Gmel.).
Eulampis holosericeus (/.2v2.). Tyrannus dominicensis (Gmed.). Euetheia bicolor (Zzz.).
Cory, Birds of St. Crotx, St. Kitts,and Guadaloupe.
(January.
Ccereba newtoni (Ba/rd).
Seiurus noveboracensis (Gmed.). Mniotilta varia (Zznz.). Compsothlypis americana (Lzu7.)- Dendroica discolor ( Viezd/. ). Dendroica tigrina (Gmel.). Dendroica ruficapilla (Gmel.). Setophaga ruticilla (Zznm.). Cichlherminia fuseata ( Vez?/.).
Sr. Kirrs or Sr. CHRISTOPHER. > Ardea virescens Linn. Myiarchus berlepschii Cory. Nycticorax violaceus (Zznw.). Euetheia bicolor (Zcnm.). Totanus flavipeus (Gme/.). Loxigilla noctis (£77. ). Columbigallina passerina (Zzmw.). Vireo calidris (Lixz.). Buteo borealis (Gwrel.}. Progne dominicensis (Gmed.). Falco columbarius Lzx2 Ccereba dominicana (Taylor). Falco caribbearum Gmel. Compsothlypis americana (Lizz.). Ceryle alcyon (ZLrun.). Dendroica discolor ( Vrezl/.). | Bellona exilis (Gmel.). Dendroica ruficapilia ( Gmedé.). | Eulampis holosericeus (Zz. ). Setophaga ruticilla (Levz.). Eulampis jugularis (Lz. ). Allenia montana (ZLafr.). Elznea martinica (Lenn. ). Cinclocerthia ruficauda (Gould). GUADELOUPE. Larus atricilla Lenz. Zenaida martinicana Bouap. = Sterna anethetus Scop. Geotrygon montana (Lznz.). Sterna antillarum (Zess.). Columbigallina passerina (Lizz. )- Sterna dougalli Wont. * Falco caribbearum Gmel. Anous stolidus (Lzvn.) Ceryle alcyon (ZLznz.). Ardea virescens Linz. Coccyzus minor (Gme/.). Ereunetes pusillus (Linm.). Cypseloides niger (Gme/.). Tinga minutilla Vzez?7. Cheetura dominicana Lawr.t Tringa maculata V7ez7/. Bellona exilis (Gmedé ). Actitis macularia Linz. Eulampis holosericeus (Zzz7.)- Totanus solitarius ( Wis. ). Eulampis jugularis (Lzzz.). /Egialitis semipalmata Boxap. Melanerpes l’herminieri (Less.). e 3 ?
*A series of specimens taken September 20 to 24 are mostly immature, and allhave
the bill entirely black, black and the feet dark red.
Nearly all have the feet black, but two examples have the bill
t+Twenty-three examples of this species, which show considerable variation in size
and some difference in color.
{The collection contained a single specimen of this Swift, which I cannot distinguish
from Dominica and St. Lucia specimens.
iSg1.] Loomis ox Brrds of Chester County. South Carolina. 49
Tyrannus dominicensis (Gmed.). Dendroica plumbea Lawr.
Elanea martinica (Zinn.). Dendroica petechia melanoptera Blacicus brunneicapillus Lazwr. Lawr.
Quiscalus guadeloupensis Lawr. Setophaga ruticilla (Z7xz.). Euetheia bicolor (ZLznz.). Thryothorus guadeloupensis Cory. Loxigilla noctis (Lnn.). Allenia montana (Lafr.).
Saltator guadeloupensis Lafr. Cichlherminia fuscata densirostris Vireo calidris (Lzzn.). ( Veeril.).
Caereba dominicana (7 aylor). Cichlherminia herminieri Lafr. Seiurus noveboracensis (Gel). Cinclocerthia ruficauda (Gou/d).
A FURTHER REVIEW OF THE AVIAN FAUNA OF, CHESTER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA.
BY LEVERETT M. LOOMIS.
THE PRESENT contribution to the ornithology of the Pied- mont region of South Carolina resumes the subject as it was left by the ‘Partial List’ (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, Oct., 1879, pp. 209-218) and the ‘Supplementary Notes’ (Auk, Vol. II, April, 1885, pp. 188-193).
The centre and chief scene of observation, furnishing the ma terial for this and the earlier papers, has been the vicinity of the town of Chester, within a limit of five miles. Excursions have
been made at different times, particularly during winter, to out-
lying parts of the County along the Broad and Catawba Rivers. These brief expeditions have revealed that a highly promising field lies immediately at hand awaiting exploration in common with the rest of the river portions of the Piedmont region. Besides affording the only really suitable situations for water birds in the County, these streams offer favorable avenues of approach for characteristic species of the Low-Country, which have not thus far been detected above the fall-line.
Even in the narrow area where the most effort has been ex- pended there is still much to be learned. At the close of four- teen years, during which I have been able to devote much time to field study, [ realize fully the verity of what Gilbert White long ago said, after more than forty years of observation at Selborne—
SO Loomts on Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. (January
‘‘new occurrences still arise as long as any inquiries are kept alive.”” Knowledge of this sort is gained slowly. The power to grasp expands with advancing experience, and facts accumulated in earlier years, the chief import of which was not perceived at the time of their gathering, are seen in the end to be conspicuous illustrations of great ornithological truths. In an extended series of years seasons, too, happen that are peculiarly propitious for investigation in certain directions, and circumstances then become palpable that have previously eluded satisfactory interpretation. Such, in an eminent degree, were December, 1889, and January, 1Sgo.
The birds, species and subspecies, added since the publication of the last list, number twenty-three, raising the total, exclusive of the English Sparrow, to two hundred and two. These are believed to represent only about four fifths of the normal avi- fauna of the County, the river districts being expected to yield the bulk of the remaining fifth. Forty-two are ‘resident’ ; sixty-seven are known as migrants ; fifty, besides ‘residents,’ occur in the win- ter season ; thirty-six have been found to be breeding summer vis- itants ; seven are of doubtful rank, owing to insufficient observa- tion. The general character of the fauna is Louisianian. The near proximity of the mountains exerts a modifying influence upen it, lessening the force of the Louisianian, however, rather than bringing into marked prominence the Carolinian.
The Trans- Appalachian Movement.*—A peculiar complexion
is given to the bird fauna of this region through the infusion of .
such characteristic Western species as Ammodramus leconteti and Scolecophagus cyanocephalus. Wf these birds could be dis- missed with the simple statement that they were stragglers that had wandered from their usual habitat, their presence would be of little moment, but when it is understood that the former has occurred in considerable abundance and in successive seasons, the matter assumes a very different aspect, and one urgently requiring investigation. Besides the two birds mentioned, quite a number of others, commonly regarded as belonging to the western side of the Appalachian highlands, have been taken, as well as most of the rarer land species of the Atlantic slope
*This portion of the article was read, under a separate title, before the Eighth Con- gress of the American Ornithologists’ Union.
“v
1Sgt.] Loomis ox Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. wi whose centre of abundance lies in the interior. The first inquiry
that arises is, how do these birds get here? In seeking an
answer to this, an obstacle is encountered at the outset—the com- mon obstacle that confronts every student who endeavors to arrive at conclusions based upon geographical distribution. While it is idle to look for absolute data for generalization, yet sufficient is known to remove the subject from the realm of mere conjec- ture.
The study of the list of trans-Appalachian birds occurring in Chester County reveals that they belong to four categories, as follows :—
1. Those, appearing in winter, which have not been reported on the Atlantic slope, so far as known, north of the South Atlan- tic States, Ammodramus lecontett.
2. Those, also winter visitants, whose breeding range extends
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, Calcartus pictus,
eastward from the Mississippi Valley and the region of the Great Lakes into the North Atlantic States,— Ofocorts alpestris prati- cola, Quiscalus quiscula eneus.
3. Those which have been found numerously in Chester County during migrations and also, though sparingly, at such times on the Atlantic slope as far north as Washington and New Eng- land,— Dendroica palmarum, Seturus noveboracensts notabilis.
4. Those formerly considered as trans-Appalachian which are now known to breed on both sides of the mountain system, though ranging farther north on the western,—Peucea estivalis bachmanii, Dendroica dominica albilora.
There are two movements of ‘Western’ birds, distinct from each other, demanding exposition. Both are intimately con- nected with the general southward and northward migrations. The first is a movement from northern latitudes in fall and win- ter, the second from southern latitudes in spring. In the order mentioned the movement in a southerly direction is the first pre- senting itself for consideration. To understand fully the signifi- cance of this movement it is necessary to examine in detail the distribution of the birds of categories one and three. From the records it is found that the range of Dendroica palmarum stretches diagonally across the continent from the Great Slave Lake in the interior of British America to the Bahamas and Greater Antilles, In the central portion of the United States
52 Loomis ox Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. [January
Kansas appears to be its western limit. In the east it extends, numerously, to Ohio and the South Atlantic States. The trend of the comparatively limited breadth of territory outlined indi- cates that this species migrates from its breeding grounds, in the northwest, in a southeasterly direction. The range of Asmo- dramus leconteti and Calcartus pictus furnishes in a measure a parallel example. Both breed in the interior to the northwest- ward, the latter north to the Arctic coast, and both migrate south- ward and eastward in fall and winter to Illinois and South Carolina, but, in following the Great Plains to Texas, they bear further to the west than Dendroica palmarum does. The gen- eral tendency, however, of the movement as a whole is south- easterly. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus and Seiurus novebora- censts notabilis differ from the others in their occurrence along the Pacific coast and in the southerly extension of their breeding range. Inthe east cyanxocephalus is known only as an occa- sional winter visitant, while zotaézdzs is a regular migrant there. From the foregoing it is seen that the movement, in its entirety, of these birds from the interior to the South Atlantic States is a southeasterly movement. Their scarcity or absence at the North on the Atlantic slope evinces that the highlands are crossed in the immediate region.
The presence of Dendrotca kirtlandé near Washington in autumn (Auk, Vol. V, April, 1888, p. 148) is explained by this southeasterly movement. It seems also that the numerous isolated autumnal instances of trans-Appalachian birds in the North Atlantic States should not be regarded as mere accidents, but rather as further manifestations of this movement—the outskirts of the great wave that sets across the continent after the breeding season in a southeasterly direction.
It is not intended to convey the idea that all migration over the mountains is strictly southeasterly. Species occurring east of the eighty-eighth meridian might follow a direct line south, particularly where the breeding range touches the mountains. Such movements might be expected of Otocorzs alpestris prati- cola, Quiscalus quiscula eneus, Chondestes grammacus, Den- droica cerulea, Dendroica dominica albilora, Dendrotca palmarum. ,
The extension eastward to New York and New England of the breeding habitat of Qucscalus guitscula e@neus and Otocorés
1891.] Loomis ox Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. 53
alpestris praticola raises the question whether Chester County examples do not come from the eastern portions of those sec- tions as well as from west of the mountain system. The abun- dance of the former in New England and its appearance here during fall associated with gzzscula proper seems to signify that birds are drawn from both regions. Otocorés alpestrés praticola, however, breeds too sparingly near the coast to supply many representatives by the seaboard route.
So far as the South Atlantic States are concerned, the number of characteristic species involved in this movement is at present a matter of speculation. A thorough survey of the region alone will determine the strength of the representation as well as the relative abundance of the birds now known to occur.
Whether there are meteorological conditions that specially favor southeasterly migration, might be made a theme of profit- able inquiry. As set forth beyond, a correlation has been found to exist between cold and warm waves and the fluctuations in abundance of Ofocor?s alpestris praticola.
The movement from the south must now in turn be examined. The absence in spring of birds of the first category, and the rarity of those of the third, north of the South Atlantic States prove that the return over the mountains is effected in the southern portions of the system. It is obvious that the most direct route for winter residents of the Bahamas and Florida to the interior is across the mountains of the South Atlantic States. Dezdroéca kirtlandé in April in the lower part of the State (Auk, Vol. IIT, July, 1886, p. 412) is indication of the route from the Bahamas, as also is Dendroica palmarum in Chester County from the region immediately to the south and southeast. Sezurus nove- boracensts notabilis tn transitu on the Dry Tortugas (vzde Scott, Auk, Vol. VII, p. 314) and in Chester County, vaguely marks out a line of migration from northern South America. The two instances reported from the vicinity of Washington (Auk, Vol. V, April, 1888, p. 148) are accounted extreme exemplifications of the movement from the southward, Dendroica palmarum, fur- ther north, furnishing an additional illustration. Whether the mountains,—especially influential factors in distribution when the season of reproduction approaches,—deflect the line of mi- gration of these outlying birds, causing them to cross higher ups or whether they journey by a more easterly course, regardless of
54 Loomis ox Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. | Januiry
land, cannot be affirmed without more definite data. The same uncertainty exists in the southerly movement as to the points of departure from the mainland, it being an open question whether all follow the coast to Florida, or whether the transit is made in the most direct way.
The comparative abundance of /lelminthophila peregrina fall in Chester County is seemingly due to transalpine migra- tion, as the species is reported rare along the Atlantic slope at the northward. Its apparent absence in spring is probably occa- sioned by the majority following the Mississippi Valley at that season. Geothlypis agtlis seems to afford a parallel case fur- ther north.
It may well be asked whether the southeasterly movement is confined to certain characteristic species, or whether it embraces many that are common both to the interior and to the Atlantic slope, or whether its proportions are vaster still, involving, to a greater or less degree, all the migratory birds of North America. The conformation of the continent favors such a movement. A glance at the map discovers the southeasterly trend of the coast along the Pacific from Cape Mendocino to the Isthmus of Pan- ama. A migration extending through Mexico and Central Amer- ica would be a southeasterly one, while a movement from the South Atlantic States to the outer West Indies would certainly be southward and eastward if not directly southeast.
To recapitulate, a wide-spread movement of characteristic trans-Appalachian birds occurs after the breeding season, sweep- ing over the country from the northwest to the southeast, the main portion of the eastern wing crossing the Appalachian high- lands in the South Atlantic States, its extreme outskirts reaching northward along the whole Atlantic slope. Some of the repre- sentatives of this movement stop short their journey on arriving on the South Atlantic seaboard, while others, occurring there as transients or wintering numerously, extend their migrations beyond to the Bahamas and Greater Antilles and northern South America.
In the complementary movement from the southeast to the northwest, the western winter visitors of the South Atlantic States disappear behind the mountains and their places are filled by the returning migrants, and the movement is felt along the whole Atlantic slope, strongly in the South Atlantic States and
-r
1Sot.] Loomis on Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. S45
feebly to the northward. It is not strange then that Chester County, a mere point in the pathway of these vast movements, should feel their influence in so marked a degree.
The appended notes pertain (1) to the birds added since the appearance of the last list; (2) to those, noteworthy ones, pre- viously noticed, which have been found in greater abundance or at other seasons than recorded; (3) to those reflecting in an especial manner the different phases of the migratory movements, treated of at length beyond. The numbers below 141 refer to the ‘Partial List,’ from 141 to 180, inclusive, to the ‘Supplemen- tary Notes’; above 180 are additional. In the matter of dates the whole fourteen years have been passed in review and the normal extremes selected. The minor observations omitted in the present paper have been reserved for another connection,
181. Urinator imber. Loon.—Of the occurrence of the Great North- ern Diveron the Broad and CatawbaI have long been aware, but the fact of its presence has remained unverified by a specimen until the present year (1890) when a bird in immature plumage was shot April 26, on the latter river.
182. Urinator lumme. ReEpD-THROATED Loon.—A young male was captured, alive and unhurt, on the morning of February 28, 1885, in a field of oats near the town of Chester. This locality, which is on the dividing ridge between the Broad and Catawba Rivers, is somewhat remote from any extended body of water, the nearest considerable stream or mill-pond being several miles distant. Attention was first directed to the bird by its loud and unusual cries. On removing the skin, the body was found to be very greatly emaciated.
183. Porzana noveboracensis. YrELLow Ratii.—In 1887 a female was shot Nov. 12, and a male Nov. 23. Dec. 10 of the same year another was seen. This latter instance seems to indicate that the species will ultimately prove to be a winter resident, but it should be borne in mind that the winter of 1887-88 was one of unwonted mildness in this region. In October, 1890, a fourth example was noted.
184. Porzana jamaicensis. BLack RaiL.—Sept. 3, 1887, an adult female was killed with a pitchfork in a little hillside sink from which the grass was being cut.
As to the abundance of the Rails of our local ornis, as well as of the dates of their appearance and disappearance, I am unable to speak with certainty. The time required for the systematic investigation of these points has heretofore been devoted to the study of the birds of the woods and fields.
185. Nyctea nyctea. SNowy Owrt.—During the early part of Decem- per, 1886, I saw an individual several times under circumstances that
66 Loomis ox Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. { January
dispelled all doubt from my mind as to its identity. That this Owl occa- sionally wanders southward to South Carolina has long been a matter o1 record. Bartram mentions its occurrence in his ‘Travels’ (second edition, 1794, p. 285), and Audubon (‘Ornithological Biography,’ Vol. IT, p. 137) notes its presence at Columbia and in the vicinity of Charleston.
104. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. RED-HEADED WoopPECKER.—Red- headed Woodpeckers were common through the winter of 1877-78 in the immediate neighborhood of the County Seat. During the previous winter they were not present, but through several subsequent winters a few stragglers remained. Of late years, until the past season, when a single bird was observed, they have entirely forsaken its vicinity from October to April. Back in the County the case is somewhat different. In the winter of 1884-85 a colony was established in a large piece of original hard- woods four miles north of the County Seat, but they were not met with in this situation in succeeding winters until December, 1887, and then in greatly diminished numbers. ‘Toward the close of December, 1884, they were common in the northeastern part of the County near Landsford on the Catawba River. I have not visited that section since in winter, and do not know whether they have regularly continued to reside there. A friend, however, has informed me of their occurrence in midwinter, 1888 89. During a ride of forty-five miles, taken December 29, 1885, through the northwestern portion of the County, in the vicinage of the Broad River, only a single individual was encountered, and this one, which was the only one seen during the winter, was within seven miles of the Court- House. In December, 1887, and January, 1888, considerable time was spent in riding over the country adjacent to the County Seat, but only very few ‘Redheads’ were noticed, and none nearer than four miles, and all on ground wholly unoccupied the winter before. During the winter of 1888-Sg not one was seen, although several extended excursions were made. The past season (1889-90) extensive field investigation failed to reveal the presence of this species except in the instance mentioned.
From these observations it is apparent that a territory may be occupied one season and partially or wholly abandoned the next, and that in the lapse of time, with the shifting of the local centres of abundance, it may again come, ina varying degree, into favor asa winter resort. In the breeding season and during the height of the migrations there is, also, in a series of years, a fluctuation in the scale of abundance, but I have no personal knowledge of a complete desertion of a locality during the former period. Iam unable to assign any satisfactory reason for their erratic distribution and migrations. The ordinary explanations advanced —unusual persecution, great changes in the face of the country, severity of seasons, obvious failure of the food supply—do not adequately account for their movements. Itshould be added further that these singular re- movals are so marked and well known that they have long attracted the attention of observant country residents.
22. Otocoris alpestris praticola. PRAIRIE HorRNED LARK.—Mr. Hen- shaw’s elaborate review of the Horned Larks led me in the winter of
1891. | Loomis ox Birds of Chester County, South Caroliua. 57
1886-87 to study anew the birds of this locality. The result of this inves- tigation showed that Arafzcola, one of the newly described races, was at least an occasional visitant. With the view of determining the precise status of this subspecies, as well as of a/pestr/s proper (the style currently believed to occurin upper South Carolina), systematic observations were made through the three following winters, but instead of finding alpesfris, as had been confidently expected at the outset, only praticola was dis- covered. The appearance of Mr. Ridgway’s ‘Manual, with its broadened characterization of the latter form, further disclosed the fact that a series of measurements taken at intervals during the decade previous to 1886 were typical of praticola, and that aldpfestr7s had never been secured. The uniformly small size of these examples had attracted my attention from the outset.
The past three winters were exceptionally mild throughout this region, and therefore apparently inauspicious for the occurrence of Prairie Horned Larks. However, the continuous effort put forth developed them in un- expected numbers. The earliest arrivals each year were noted during the last week of November, their coming being coincident with a colder term. Through the ensuing two months they were constantly present, and straggling bands remained until the close of February. During December and January the changes in temperature which occurred, though not extreme, were accompanied by marked fluctuations in abundance—the cold waves re-enforcing, and the warm ones diminishing their ranks. On several occasions an increase took place when there was no specially noteworthy fall in the mercury, but cold spells were prevailing in the northwest. While the periods of greatest abundance have been during the severest stresses of weather (as in December, 1876, and January, 1877, when the snow lay on the ground for the longest time in my remem- brance), the last three seasons have demonstrated that these birds are not uncommon here during the mildest winters, and that their presence is not dependent upon extreme inclemency in the immediate vicinity. The companies in which they congregate have varied in extent, the past three winters, from little squads of half-a-dozen to flocks of above a hundred, the average being from twenty to thirty. In former years the gatherings have not differed materially in size, except in January, 1877, when a single assemblage of several thousand was met with after the snow had disap- peared.
In recording the experiences of the previous winter in ‘The Auk’ for April, 1888, mention was made of the fact ofthe great excess in number of females. The subsequent two years have exhibited a similar pre- ponderance—the males secured being less than twenty per cent of the total of females.
The particular attention paid of late to these Horned Larks has further revealed that they are extremely partial to certain restricted localities, and that considerable territory might be examined without their presence being detected, except when transient parties were passing overhead from one rendezvous toanother. Each year these favored situations have been
8
58 Loomis on Birds of Chester County, South Carolina. [January
x
re-occupied, while other locations apparently not dissimilar have been discarded. A single field is often the centre of attraction, and here the birds are always certain to be found. If persecuted they leave the spot with reluctance, repeatedly returning before seeking a retreat in some other quarter of their range—the flocks when broken up coming back in detached companies. In the times of greatest abundance they are more generally dispersed, the Northern hordes overflowing the narrow bounds held in occupancy in ordinary seasons. Barren upland pastures, where the grass has been cropped tothe roots, and wind-swept grain fields are, above all other situations, chosen by them. Cotton-fields where the stalks are small and the ground free from grass are also much frequented. If these congenial haunts abound in small stones, a further attraction is afforded. In all, the color of the surroundings harmonizes so nearly with the color of the upper parts of the birds as to render them exceedingly inconspicuous.
I now believe that every year Prairie Horned Larks are regular visitors and that their reported absence in some winters was due to an inadequate knowledge of their habits and distribution.
In the subjoined table are the dimensions of forty-two males and two hundred and twenty-five females, representing two series: one of twenty- six males and one hundred and thirty-three females, procured during the winter of 1887-88, and the other of sixteen males and ninety-two females obtained during the ensuing winter. All the measurements that follow are in millimetres. They were originally taken in inches and hundredths and then reduced to the metric equivalents.
Sex | Length Extent Ch'd of wing Longest rectrix Maximum | @ |187.96,185.42|337-82/340.36|106.17|105.66| 79.75|80.01 Minimum % -1176.53/175-26/320.04|317.50] 99.82 99-31 69.85 70. 10 Mean ” 1181.36 180. 34|330.96| 326. 39| 102.87 ert 75-94.75-44 NEE Ae ene a ay ! | | | Maximum 173-99 1'73-99|320.04|317-50| 99-82] 99.82] 73.15,73.40 Minimum ” 1162.56 162.56/299.72|/299.72| 91-95] 91-95| 62.23 65.02 Mean ||_—”_—{ $69.16 168.66/310.64'308.36] 95-75] 96.01) 68.32 68.83
The maximum extremes were not derived from single specimens, and are thus not necessarily indicative of direct approaches toward adfest¢ris or leucolema. In the first series of females they were furnished by the combined dimensions of two birds. In the second the maximum wing, 99-82 mm., occurred in an individual whose length was only 166.37 mm., and tail, 69.34 mm., while the longest tail, 73.40 mm. appeared in one in which the entire length was but 171.45 mm., manifesting that the total length is diminished by the shortening of the body as well as by the shortening of the rectrices. The chief length, 173.99 mm., was attained in twelve instances in the first series and in but three in the second. The following measurements of females further attest the absence of a uniform variation in the proportions of many examples :—
1S91. | LAWRENCE ox Chetura domtnicana colardeaut. 59
Length Chord of wing Longest rectrix 173-99 99-82 72.64
166.37 99-82 69-34
173.99 98.29 70.86
171.45 96.52 73-40
166.37 97-79 : Tog
163.32 97-02 67.56
168.91 93:98 66.80
168.66 98.So 4 Wits G2
168.66 94-74 70.61
The minimum extremes of the females for both seasons represent the actual size of the two smallest ones. In the males, however, these were obtained from different specimens. It will be noticed that the wing and tail measurements of the smallest males and the largest females overlap. Where there is such wide individual deviation, it is remarkable that the general averages of the two series differ so little. This is further illustrated in the appended table of the means of three groups of females——the pro- duct of three days’ shooting (Nov. 24, 29, Dec. 8, 1888) in a single field:
Chord of Longest No. Spec. Length Extent wing rectrix 13 168.40 308.10 96.26 69-34 20 169.16 308.36 96.01 68.32 12 169.16 308.36 96.01 69. 34.
The great uniformity with which the Horned Larks of this section fall within the limits prescribed for Aratzcola, evinces that they are drawn from the centre of distribution of the subspecies during the breeding season and not from the confines of the habitat of another form.
(To be concluded.)
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF CYPSE- bi - OF THE GENUS, CACH7CicA, WITH A NOTE ON THE DIABLOTIN.
BY GEORGE N. LAWRENCE.
Chezetura dominicana colardeaui.
Chetura, LAwr. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, p. 623. Male.—Crown, lores, and upper plumage black; rump brownish ash- color; upper tail-coverts brownish black; tail black; the spines project
60 LAWRENCE ox Cheetura domtnicana colardeaut. [January
three sixteenths of an inch beyond the webs; wings black; the seconda- ries and tertiaries at their ends are edged with ashy; chin, throat, and upper part of breast dark grayish cinereous; lower part of breast and ab- domen smoky brown; a stripe of clearer brown down the middle of the abdomen; under tail-coverts black; bill and feet black. Length (skin) 4% inches; wing 44: tail to end of spines, 13; spines, ;°5- Type in American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Hapsirar.—Guadeloupe, West Indies.
Remarks. This species at first sight somewhat resembles C. dominicana from Dominica, but differs in having the upper plumage rather blacker, and the ash-color of the rump less in extent; in their under plumage they are quite different, the new subspecies having the throat, neck and upper part of the breast grayish cinereous ; the lower part of the breast and abdomen are smoky brown; while in the other the entire under plumage is of a clear brown, with a few grayish feathers on the upper part of the throat; in the Dominica bird the under tail-coverts are dark brown, and the feet yellowish; in the Guadeloupe bird the under tail-coverts and the feet are black; the tail feathers of the new subspecies are narrower than those of C. doménicana ; in this the feathers are broader and continue so to their ends, those of the Guadeloupe bird being somewhat tapering.
It is with pleasure I confer upon this species the name of my friend, Dr. St. Felix Colardeau, who has shown much intelligent interest in procuring the birds of Gaudeloupe.
I have been desirous of obtaining this bird ever since it was no- ticed in a list sent by Dr. Colardeau in 1885, and have had prom- ises to endeavor to procure it from both him and his son; why it was not obtained sooner is explained in Dr. Colardeau’s letter ; he writes under date of August 5 as follows:
‘‘After the return of my son from the United States he was so long and so dangerously ill from pleuro-pneumonia that I gave up entirely going hunting for birds, and my work away from woods and fields prevents me also to do as before. My son is now well again, and I have been able to make a few small col- lections. I have a number of sea and water birds which I intend to send you.
‘This day I send you by mail the small Swift I have spoken of; they are very scarce in town, where I live now, and cannot get them any more, as we used to, at my old home in the moun-
1891. ] LAWRENCE on Cheetura dominicana colardeaut. 61
tains. I succeeded in shooting this one from the window of my room about three months since.
‘¢‘Perhaps it is a new bird, perhaps it is not; it is the same Chetura \ described to you some years ago.”
In a letter dated Nov. 11, in reply to one from me wishing more specimens, etc., he says:
‘‘T always thought as you did at first, that the Swift I sent you was no other than the Dominican bird, C. domdnicana, from the written description I had taken of it, when I could easily procure many specimens. I will try hard to send you more specimens, but I am no more residing where it is easy to get them.
‘‘T believe I have already told you that the small Swift must breed here, as those we had shot on my plantation in June had hard shelled eggs ready to be laid.”
Mr. Cory kindly lent me a specimen of this species collected for him’ by Mr. Winch in Guadeloupe, which agrees in every re- spect with the type.
NoTreE ON THE DIABLOTIN.
Young Mr. Colardeau informed me, when here, that he under- stood the Diablotin had returned to Guadeloupe. I requested him to get all the information he could respecting it. Dr. Colardeau writes me:
‘¢] do not believe the Diablotin is extinct in our Island; only we have no more the old sportsmen who used to go after them out of pure frolic, with plenty of dogs and black servants, when I was achild some fifty years ago. The Diablotin is not pure black, that I feel certain from distinct recollection, and you may consider the specimens sent by the old Dr. L’Herminier as correct, as he was one of those old sportsmen I have just spoken of, who, in company with my great uncles, grandfather and other relatives and friends used to go after them amongst the rocks and moun- tains surrounding the Soufriére. A few years ago, even as low as Camp Jacob, there was a Diablotin caught by a dog in a hole in the bank of a mountain stream. The master of the dog was satisfied to eat the bird, and I only knew of it when it was too late. The bird was black above and white below, crooked beak, and webbed feet.”
62 CHERRIE 0x Rhamphocelus costaricensts. [ January
From the description given by Dr. Colardeau of the specimen obtained in Gaudeloupe lately, it was probably #strelata hesz- tata, which species Prof. Alfred Newton determined the speci- mens sent by L’Herminier to Lafresnaye to be.
Pere Labat gives a black figure of it, and also describes it as being black ; the question arises whether there are two birds bear- ing the name of Diablotin, or whether his description is erroneous.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF RAMP/O- CELGS EROM COSTA RICA:
BY GEORGE K. CHERRIE. Ramphocelus costaricensis sp. nov.
Above, whole head varying from a dusky slate black to a slate gray ; back and scapulars dusky yellowish olive; rump and upper tail-coverts ochraceous rufous of varying intensity in the differentspecimens. Wings dusky brownish black, inner webs of quills darkest; tail blackish. Below, chin and throat grayish; breast ochraceous rufous like the rump ; the rest of lower parts yellowish olive, darker along the sides. ‘Bill black with plumbeous base. Feet, dark plumbeous.” Female similar.
Measurements (in inches) of six skins.
75) t= b Hee uM o |O AES 2 : | 20 S,(9 5) Cal 2s S Locality Date oes a See Sl eee 5 n| o |Ssle.a) 9] Wa as Ta |] 0 2 <= (©) cal ey ee 2181, Pozo Azul Nov. 10, 1887 | 9 |3.14/3.20/2.74| .60] .50] .38] .o4 2182| Ral BE _& 8, ** | Q13.07/3-20)2.75) -58] .50| .37| .88 3271 ‘3 it Sept. 12. 1889 | 9/3.05]/3.22/2 g2| .63] .50] .36) .85 3272| ee EY at UP TSS — 2.95/3-19|2:74| .64] .52] .37| .86 3273| ; “9, ‘ — |G/3.06/3 30/2.87| -63) -50| — | -92 3274 oi i Os eee 6 |3-16]3-10]2.65| .62] .50] .38) .87 ___ Average 3.07/3-20|2.78! .62! .50l .37| .89
1891.] CHERRIE on Phamphocelus costaricensis. 62
«
Hapirar.—Pozo Azul, Costa Rica.
Types in the Costa Rica National Museum, numbers 2181 and 2182, females collected in November, 1887, and numbers 3271, 3272, 3273 and 3274, two males, one female and one in which the sex is not indicated, collected in September, 1889. The six examples were collected and pre- sented to the Museum by Sefior Don José C. Zeled6n.
The general coloration of this bird is very similar to that of the females of Ramphocelus passerinti, but while in many of the females of the latter species the breast and rump is brighter col- ored, the color is of a rich golden yellowish olive not in any way resembling the ochraceous rufous of the present species; neither is the tail so dark, being dusky brownish black instead of clear dusky black. The two are distinguishable at a glance. The wing formula is also slightly different, as out of twenty-five ex- amples of passerézé? examined only one was found having the first primary as long as the eighth; while in the new species the first primary is intermediate between the seventh and eighth.
The bill is similar in form to that of R. passeriniz, but there is no appreciable difference between that of the male and that of the female. It is on this character,— the form of the bill, with ‘peculiar enlargement of the naked base of the lower mandible’”—together with the general resemblance in pattern of coloration, so similar to that of the females of /?. fasserinzz, that I have been led to refer the species to the genus Ramphoce- dus. \am informed by Mr. Zeledén that it has exactly the same habits and call-notes. In the sexes being alike, one of the char- acters hitherto held as common to the genus is destroyed. But the form of the bill, together with the pattern of coloration, seems to me to exclude it from the genus Phlogothraupis, in which the sexes are alike. The only points:in which it agrees with that genus are the similarity of the sexes and the first primary being intermediate between the seventh and eighth. In the nine specimens of P. saxgudcnolenta in the collection I find that eight have the first primary intermediate between the sev- enth and eighth, and in the other example the remiges are not fully grown. But this latter character may be shared by some other members of the genus famphocelus; not having speci- mens for examination I am unable to say.
R. passeriniz is slightly the smaller, the average measurements of twenty specimens from the collection, ten males and ten fe-
64 Norturop oz the Birds of Andros Island. { January
males being as follows:—Wing, 2.96 inches, tail, 3.13; tail- feathers, 2.71 ; exposed culmen, .57; nostril to tip of bill, .48; gonys, .36; tarsus, .S5.
FP. costaricensis seems to be an entirely local species, differing from ?. passerinit, of which species the Museum possesses a large series from various localities, both on the Atlantic and on the Pacific sides of the Cordillera, including Pozo Azul where the two are found in company. Pozo Azul is situated about thirty miles southwest of San José, just at the foot of the hills where the level belt of the Pacific coast begins. For this reason and from the fact that I have not met with the bird in the extensive series of specimens I have examined from the Atlantic region, I am inclined to believe it a species confined to the southwest coast region.
I would here express my thanks to Mr. J. C. Zeledén for kind suggestions in regard to the present paper.
THE BIRDS OF ANDROS ISLAND, BAHAMAS.
BY JOHN I. NORTHROP.
Tue tsLANp of Andros is the largest of the Bahama group, being about ninety miles long, and forty or fifty miles across at the widest part. The southern portion is separated from the northern by shallow waters called ‘bights’; but these are so filled with cays, as to make it convenient to include all the islands under the general name of Andros.
Like all the others of the group, Andros is entirely of coral for- mation. The country is described by the natives as either ‘cop- pet’, ‘pine-yard,’ or ‘swash.’ The first term is applied to the thicket of angiospermous trees and shrubs that occupies the ridge along the eastern coast. In most places, this belt is very narrow, but near the southern end it extends several miles into the inte- rior. Back of the coppet, the land is comparatively level, and is covered by a forest of the Bahama Pine (72s dahamensis). As one approaches the west coast, the pines become smaller and are mingled with palmettos; finally both cease, and one sees
1Sor. | Norturop ox the Birds of Andros Island. 65 spread before him thousands of acres of level plain, supporting scarcely any vegetation except countless dwarf mangroves. Here the ground is soft, and in wet weather almost entirely under water; hence the peculiar appropriateness of the local term ‘swash.’ Such is a brief description of the physical features of Andros. As might naturally be supposed, the coppet proved the best collecting ground for land birds, while the swash, and the lakes it contained, were well stocked with many aquatic species.
Although Andros is the largest of the Bahama Islands, it seems never to have been thoroughly explored by naturalists. The first record of Bahama birds is given by Catesby* who visited Andros. In 1859 and again in 1866 Dr. Bryant made a_collect- ing trip through the Bahamas and published the results in the ‘Proceedings’ of the Boston Society of Natural History. His two papers are devoted to ornithology and contain several references to Andros. Mr. C. J. Maynard in 1884 spent some time on Andros and has published a few notes on its birds and described some new species.t Mr. Cory has also made an ornithological trip through the Bahamas, during which he visited the eastern coast of Andros. The results of his work are published ina well illustrated volume entitled the ‘Birds of the Bahama Islands.’ Mr. Ingraham has also visited Andros, but I have been unable to find any notes by him on its avifauna. These, I believe, are the only naturalists who have ever honored Andros with a visit.
As this island is separated from both Florida and Cuba by nearly the same distance (about one hundred and twenty miles) the writer thought that a collection of its birds might prove in- teresting. It may, however, be well to state that the object of the visit to Andros was not to make a collection of birds, and that lack of time and assistance prevented us from obtaining larger series. Before going to Andros, some time was spent on the island of New Providence, the western end of which is about twenty-five miles from the nearest point of Andros. There a few birds were collected, and these will be referred to in the list that follows. I was accompanied during the trip by Mrs. Northrop, who made notes on the occurrence of the birds, and more particularly on their songs and habits; and many thanks are due her for aid in the preparation of this paper.
*Nat. Hist. Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. +American Exchange and Mart and Household Journal, Vol. III,
66 Norturop ox the Birds of Andros Island. | January
We reached the northern part of Andros on March 14, 1890, and left the southern end on the 3d of July, during that time sailing almost completely around the island; exploring the majority of the creeks on both the east and west coasts, and passing through the bights in the central part. _ But the greater portion of the time was spent in the various negro settlements that were scattered along the eastern coast, hence we had ample opportunities for observation, and for obtaining what is probably a quite complete collection of the birds of the island.
Dr. Allen has kindly annotated the list, and thanks are due to him and to his assistant, Mr. Chapman, for aid in determining several of the species.
The collection includes 286 specimens; and in it are repre- sented 12 orders, 247 families, 56 genera, and 74 species. Of these one, that Dr. Allen has done us the honor to name J/cteras mor- thropt, is new to science; and Wycticorax nycticorax na@vius is new to the Bahamas, while Geoth/lyp7s rostrata has hitherto been found only on New Providence.
Unless otherwise stated, all the birds mentioned in this paper were actually obtained, and are now in the Museum of the School of Mines, Columbia College. I have added to the usual common names the local names of the birds.
1. Mimocichla plumbea (Z/z7.). BLrur THRASHER.—This Thrush was common in the high coppet near Deep Creek, not far from the south- eastern extremity of the island. Two specimens were also obtained near the northern end, but none were seen in the pines or in the swash on the west side. The bird hops about on the ground or on the lower branches of the trees, its black throat and red legs rendering it quite con- spicuous. The stomach of one examined contained fruits. Those shot on June 28 were in condition to breed.
*2. Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Z77z.). CATBIRD.—The Catbird was very common at Nicol’s Town near the northern end of Andros during March and April, and the last specimen was seen at Mastic Point about May 23.
3- Mimus polyglottos (Z7z.).—Locally known as Brown Thrasher and Mocking Bird. My specimens were all collected near the northern end of Andros, the first on March 25, the last on April 16. They were quite common about our house at Nicol’s Town, and their song could be heard at almost any hour of the day. It was loud and varied, each syl- lable usually being repeated three times. It often sounded as if they
*The star prefixed to a number indicates that the species was observedby Mr. Scott at the Dry Tortugas. See beyond p. 69,
1891. | NorTurop ox the Birds of Andros Island. 67
were trying to decline the familiar ‘hic, hec, hoc’ after a fashion of their own, and we imagined we could plainly distinguish ‘hujus, hujus, hujus,’ ‘huic, hutc, huic, ‘his, his, hts, given with great emphasis. While on the western coast in June, we noticed what was undoubtedly one of these Mockingbirds, perched on the top of a palmetto. He was singing, ap- parently with all his heart, and attracted our attention by springing up into the air a few feet, then dropping to his perch again. This he re- peated three times, singing all the while; we afterwards saw another bird go through the same performance.
The stomachs of the specimens examined contained the remains of the fruit of the gum elemi (Sursera gummifera), white ants, and pieces of snail shells.
[The three specimens referred to this species are indistinguishable from AZ. polyglottos of the Carolinas or Florida. They are hence very unlike the small form of A/zmus from Inagua, recognized by Mr. Sharpe as M. elegans.—J. A. A.]
4. Mimus gundlachi (Caban.).—This was more common than the spe- cies above described, as we found it wherever we landed. Its song is louder, clearer, and more varied than that of AZ. folyglottos. Its food consists of fruits of various kinds, but in the stomach of one specimen some small bones were found, propably those of an Avolus. The ovaries of a specimen shot on May 15 were much enlarged. The inhabitants of Andros do not distinguish between these two species, calling both either Brown Thrushes or Mockingbirds.
| The series of seven specimens presents a wide range of variation in both size and color. In the largest specimen the wing measures 4.73 inches, the tail 5.33; in the smallest specimen the wing measures 4.23, the tail 4.60. In one specimen the cheeks, sides of the throat and the lower throat are thickly and heavily spotted, and the streaks on the flanks are very broad. In another the cheeks and sides of the throat are scantily barred and the lower throat is without spots. The other specimens are variously inter- mediate between these. The difference in size may be in part sexual.— eee AS]
5. Polioptila czrulea cesiogaster (/t7dow.). BLUE-GRAY GNAT- CATCHER.—-This species was very common in the low shrubs that grew in the pine-yard. It was a most confiding little bird, and would sit within a few feet of you, twitching its head from side to side and uttering its low, wheezy little song, apparently always very well pleased with its own efforts.
*6. Compsothlypis americana (ZLzzz.). PARULA WARBLER. — This Warbler was collected in the northern part of Andros on March 26 and April 19. It was only seen in two localities, and was not common.
*7. Mniotilta varia (L/zv.). BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER. — First seen at Nicol’s Town on March 17. Ina week or two they became quite numerous about the house, but none were seen after the end of April. The three specimens procured were all males. Their stomachs contained the remains of beetles.
68 Norrurop ox the Birds of Andros Island. | January
*8. Dendroica tigrina (Gmel.). CAPE May WARBLER.—This species was not common. Specimens were collected on March 22, and on April 20, two on the northeast coast, one near the west side.
g. Dendroica petechia (Livnu.). ANTILLEAN YELLOW WARBLER.— But a single specimen, a female, was obtained near Mangrove Key on June 24.
*1o. Dendroica cerulescens (Gmwel.). BLACK-THROATED BLUE WAR- BLER.—One specimen was brought to us in Nicol’s Town, April 11; others were collected on April 19 at Red Bays on the northwestern end of Andros. They were quite common about the house for a few days, but none were seen after the above date.
*11. Dendroica striata (/orst.). BLACKPOLL WARBLER.—The speci- mens were all obtained at Conch Sound on May 1g and 20, although it was seen a little farther south on May 23, and even a day or two later.
12. Dendroica vigorsii (Auvd.). PINE WARBLER.—This bird was one of the most common species in the pine-yard. The five specimens col- lected all proved to be females. The stomachs of those examined con- tained insects.and small fruits.
13. Dendroica discolor (Vze72/.). PRAIRIE WARBLER.—This was by far the most common of the migratory Warblers. It was collected on the northern end of Andros from March 22 to April 12, and a few were seen during the latter part of April.
*14. Dendroica palmarum (Gmel.). PALM WARBLER.-—A single speci- men, a female, was shot at Mastic Point, May 2; it was hopping about on the ground under the small mangroves.
* 75. Seiurus aurocapillus (Zzzz.). OvreNBIRD.—This species was collected in several localities on the northern end of the island. At Red Bays on the west side it was quite common, and the natives knew the bird well under the name of the ‘ground walker’. All whom we questioned on the subject were certain that the bird remained throughout the year, and some said that they had seen its nest.* A specimen was collected by the writer on New Providence during January, and the last time that we observed it was in the first week of May. The stomachs of those ex- amined contained the remains of insects.
[Four specimens taken on Andros Island, near the end of April, proba- bly represent a local resident form, differing slightly from the North American stock in having the bill rather larger, the crown patch deeper orange, and the black lines bordering it and the black streaks below slightly heavier. Should these differences prove tolerably constant, they are too slight to render it desirable to designate the form in nomenclature. —j. A. A.]
16. Geothlypis rostrata Bryant. NASSAU YELLOWTHROAT.—This spe- cies is new to the island, all the specimens previously known being from the neighboring island of New Providence. The first we saw was brought to us by a boy at Nicol’s Town, March 21. It was afterwards seen at Red
* Cory states that it is migratory.—Birds of Bahamas, p. 71.
1891. ] Norturop ox the Birds of Andros Island. 69
Bays, Conch Sound, and later at Mangrove Key on June 25. It frequents the thick underbrush of the coppet, and was always seen quite close to the ground. G. ¢richas was also collected, but the difference between the two birds was very noticeable, G. rostrata being considerably larger and much lighter in color. Its song was also louder and sweeter.
[The single specimen, male, is nearer G. rostrata, than any other of the described forms, differing from it in its much shorter and slenderer bill, with the crown of a deeper and more bluish gray. Mr. Ridgway, who has examined the specimen, says: ‘‘Intermediate between type of G. rostrata and G. tanneré; bill entirely like the latter; color above brighter olive-green than in either.” While doubtless representing a well-marked local race, it seems hardly worth while to give it a name on the basis of a single specimen.—J. A. A. ]
*17. Geothlypis trichas (Lzvnz.). MARYLAND YELLOWTHROAT.—This species was seen on both the east and the west side of Andros from April 12 to 19, but there is no note of itsappearance later. Of the five specimens collected, four were males. It is interesting to note that Dr. Bryant states that of a flock of birds flying past his vessel in the harbor of Grassy Creek, in the southern part of the island, on April 20, 1559, all were males.
* 18. Setophaga ruticilla (Lzzz.).—AMERICAN RepsTART.—This War- bler was first seen at Nicol’s Town on April ro, and the last specimen was taken May 20; one was seena month later, however, on the west coast.
Since this paper was written an interesting article by Mr. W. E. D. Scott has appeared in ‘The Auk’ * on the ‘Birds Observed at the Dry Tor- tugas, Florida, during parts of March and April. As I was collecting on Andros during the same time, I thought it would be interesting to note the species common to both places and have hence prefixed an asterisk to those mentioned in Mr. Scott’s paper. A reference to his paper will show that he secured many Warblers that I did not, anda comparison of his dates with mine shows that with the exception of Myzotilta varia, Dendrot- ca tigrina, D. cerulescens, and Geothlypfis trichas, the birds were observed later in Andros than at the Dry Tortugas. The commonest Warbler at the latter place was D. palmarum of which I only secured one specimen, and no more were seen, while 2. déscolor, the commonest Warbler in Andros, was ‘‘not uacommon” with Mr.Scott. I doubt, however, if any inference of importance can be drawn from these facts.
In regard to the occurrence of the Warblers above-mentioned it may be > The most noticeable of these was on April 18. We had been at Red Bays on the west side for a week, and had seen very few birds about,— but a bird wave must have ar- rived during the night of the 18th, for the next day the grove about the house was full of birds,— the Black-throated Blue, the Blue Yellow-back, the Redstart, Black-and-white Warbler, and Véreo alttloguus barbatulus were seen here for the first time, and in considerable numbers.
worth while to state that they appeared in ‘waves.
* Vol. VII, p. 301.
70 NorruHror ox the Birds of Andros Island. | January
Ig. Coereba bahamensis (/tezch.). BAHAMA HONEY-CREEPER. ‘BANA- NA Birp.’— Common throughout the island except in the swashes. The state of the generative organs of those taken near the end of March in- dicated that the birds were nearly ready to breed.
* 20. Calichelidon cyaneoviridis (Bryant). BAHAMA SwaLLow.—This beautiful Swallow was first seen on New Providence and was afterwards found to be abundant on Andros, particularly in the clearings. They generally flew quite close tothe ground. Dr. Bryant in the ‘Proceedings’ of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. VII, page 111, says that of those collected by him up to April 28, the genital organs exhibited no appearance of excitement. On April 15 I collected a male with the testes much enlarged. The people told me that the Swallow breeds on the island, building under the rocky ledges; but we were not fortunate enough to find a nest.
21. Vireo crassirostris Bryant. LARGE-BILLED VirEo.—Comuinon at most places on the island, and its cheery little song was almost constantly heard from the bushes and low trees that the bird frequents. On May 24 the generative organs of the male were enlarged.
[The four specimens seem distinctly referable to V. crassérostrés.— Je Xo Na]
* 22. Vireo altiloquus barbatulus (Cad.). BLACK-WHISKERED VIREO. — The first specimen of this bird was seen at Red Bays on the western side of the island, about April 18 On our return to the east coast we found it common, and later noted it as quite abundant at all our stopping places; and its song, so well described by Dr. Bryant as ‘‘ whip Tom Kelly, phew,” was one of the most common notes of the coppet. Dr. Bryant says that the seven specimens collected by