. ’ 3 Po EPS BOE HO nal
‘ , ball €£ oF ; 2 ef s HRs Be oR Oe tages
peed, ARP LEN es ERED EMC Free ieee : as ak 8 tw Neary ie wt
Poe Y
tle
3% EROS &
fs rary
onar
1. Nt 8g ee a
oe Ln ae
eee ea
ow N = oO = My, ee) ee) \ = 7” 4 Gly, > > ANS E 2 EG ky" > WAY ¢ te, SOS fr tS = Ww 5 ¢ me m WS a m > m n = w = wn RAR! ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI _ NVINOSHLIWS S34 1uV = ae = < = , : 2 WB : 2 Z E Ay Zz, = = > Ss Ws >" er = =
7 IN_INSTITU"
5 W. USN IE ee a ios | c = ro) a S S31yyve = oO EX LIBRIS r ~ % D fae * : I - William Healey Dall 8 N Division of Mollusks E Sectional Library ° x= i = ep) S$ S3Iayv
7p) | uJ || & er a r o 0 GW 35 Xan’ 9 EY 5 WN 2 al Zz —! z Weed LNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS 4 luvugd 17 Ul BRARI ES_ SMITHSONIAN INSTITU aes - fo) = oO w ee wo — ow — tL ao : : : 5 Fy? > i > = Ye J? a - a ee CP fet oF m SS 2 m pt m w = w S ” RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31IYV! | n me ie ” z n = Sine = < = Ne F 2 \g : ‘Z = ys BZ DF ow Wy @ a oid BAY 8 = WAY so 2. 2 SSy AAS WW Fs = SNe” E = = a ” AR am ” LALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3ZIYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITL - a z Zz 7) os ” 7) = cc = 0 oa 4 a c ee = : c _ co = co. 2
LY YS Xs
IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
sialuvag
NOILNLILSNI
IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI
“if
INSTITUTION Ko \
JOILNLILSNI = NVINOSHLIWS
SMITHSONIAN
4, ra,
IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
ES
OILNLILSNI NWINOSHLIWS
IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
NVINOSHLINS S3iuyvy¥sIT_LIBRARI
OILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS
OILNLILSNI
INSTITUT!
LIBRARIES
INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI
RARIES SMITHSONIAN
saruvyg INSTITUTIA Sa1uvug
INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31
w z w = wn
= <x = ty. = s yy = z i Gym, a ae 8 2 eg a 8 2 = Bigeye) zy" > = ~S a = >
=z w) Soe Zz ~” z NVINOSHLINS S3JIYVYNGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI”
£2 ao a = 2 A e S c <a = 3° Bey rs) me pat aA NVINOSHLINS S314 i z = boa ‘o S os ° > ke p - es > re) a 3) = — eae! fe a z D Ae SSIYVUSIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN w = ore 22) z = if Be NOX = <x = + S¢, y = SA NY 4 a Gh yp fod NNO SE 2 Gy = ve fe > = \ > s P4 iv) 6. FA Tp) INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S314 = 7) i = ss a ul = 2 WY =F <x Ay Was <x oc c $Y NN oc se8) = <: m a a et S3IdVEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI — oO Sag nee o = es) Bs) = 0 2 ca 2 m = ; m nw = w INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI _NVINOSHLIWS (54 1 i ys by 8 Wh? EY =e F ft + ie Z. >* = > = wo = _LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTI = a Se z a " é ar = Coy 5 ce 5 a 2 a. =
~
-_— ws i a
Le PE atl li Oe
anmnt ~~. we
— ost
. Ss <<. #£x3|> Gee
rr al —<) ~~,
> +.
ae wi
ee” heen ie eee Ck ee 4 ee CO
Division of Molhasks Sectional Library
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
VOE.. Z. 1893—1895.
i oe Sar ; 7” ¢ :: oh — »~ —— & = . ; a 7 Mea ae fs ¢ * all 7 v
akheé
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
EDITED BY B. B. WOODWARD, F.L.S., F.G.S., Erc.
Under the direction of the Publication Committee.
VOLUME I. ee eet
AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PAPERS.
LONDON ; DULAU & CO., 37, SOHO SQUARE, W. x LAL 88 1895.
HERTFORD: PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS.
Ve 21.9 9.
O Mi.
CONTENTS OF VOL.
PROCEEDINGS :—
Tnaugural Meeting,
Ordinary Meeting,
Annual General Meeting,
Ordinary Meeting,
Annual General Meeting,
Ordinary Meeting,
Feb. 27th, 1893...
May 12th, 1893
June 9th, 1893...
July 14th, 1893 Noy. 10th, 1893
Dec. 8th, 1893 ...
Jan. 12th, 1894
Feb. 9th, 1894...
Feb. 9th, 1894 ...
Mar. 9th, 1894 April 13th, 1894 May 11th, 1894
June 8th, 1894...
July 13th, 1894
Nov. 9th, 1894...
Dec. 14th, 1894 Jan. 11th, 1895
Feb. 8th, 1895 ...
Feb. 8th, 1895... Mar. 8th, 1895...
April 19th, 1895 May 10th, 1895 June 14th, 1895 July 12th, 1895
PAGE
139 139 140 199 200 202
247
249 249 250 288 288 289
v1 CONTENTS.
PAPERS :— PAGE On Nautilus, recent and fossil. By G. F. Harris, F.G.S., ete. PXbstract] vec. Bis; 2c. nan) eC ene Sa> feos! nee 3
On the Molluscan genus Paryphanta and on the Anatomy of P. Hochstetteri, Pfr. By Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin- Avestan, FR.S. etc. (Plate d)mis es ees as.) s-- es 5
Descriptions of six new species of Land-shells from Annam. By E A. Sacre, WZ ete. (illustrated), JS 72 i8e. 2... we ale
Notes on the genus Carinaria, with an enumeration of the species, and the description of a new form. By G. B. Sowersy, BUS rete, 1 illustrated), <5 igo vente see unos eee, cern eer
Note on the Geographical Distribution of Geomalacus maculosus, Allman, in Ireland. By R. F. Scuarrr, Ph.D., B.Sc.
(ilstrawed) cect) cove,” Gre, eae pmenge ee, eee See eee 17 On the occurrence of Crepidula ae in me By W.
CRov0n, F-Z.8., e6c. ..5\- 0. 19 On the Anatomy of eee MoeDowgt Tate. i. M. B
Woopwarp. (Plate IT). 2. jc. tn sve. Su, een
Description of a new species of Gaels ae aie By G. B. Sowrersy, F.L.S., ete. (Illustrated) wes guichS.. Bsivaeae een
On the Clausilie of Sumatra, with descriptions of two new species and a new variety. By E. R. Syxus, B.A. F.ZS., ete. (ilnstrated) 5. 2.5) ..0p pent om, ones
Note on the possibility of the Acclimatization “of Cr apie Vong cata in the British Seas. By B.S. Dopp. [Abstract] Re!
On the Alteration of the generic name Clausilia. By G. F. Harris, HiGis,, ete. Abstract], ily wscphegs, eel eee: ciseee ee
Remarks on the suggested Alteration of the generic name Clausitia. By E. R. Syxss, B.A., F.Z.S., etc. [Abstract] ... ... .. 32
Notes on the British Chitons. By E. R. Syxus, B.A., F.Z.S., ete. (PlateETT) — .3:) s.c4 becaleede) eee, ecient
On a specimen of Xenophora pallidula, Reeve, taken off Port Blair (Andamans) at a depth of 188 fathoms, with attachments of Pleurotomide, including a new form. By G. B. SowErRsy, BYES. etc... (PlatecV, Tags Al) sr ade oe ee ge
On three new species of Shells from Deep-sea Dredgings in the Indian Ocean. By G. B. Sownrsy, F.L.S., etc. Mik: Ni; Ss —O) |. soins see) cargigees’ pee ee RS 39 Descriptions of twelve New Species, chiefly from Mauritius. By G. B. Sowmrsy, F.L.S., etc. (Plate IV, Figs. 1, 4-10, 12-14,21) 41 New Shells from Mauritius, etc. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., ete. (Plate IV, Figs. 2, 3, 15-20) sas take ons tts! Sa ee
CONTENTS. Vil
PAPERS (continued)— PAGE Descriptions of three new species of Ampullaria. By G. B. - Sownrey, F.L:S., etc... (Plate IV, Figs. 22-24) ... ... 1... 48
Note on Voluta Bednalli, Brazier. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., etc. (late EN RSR EEO ewes” shear hunt! sade geen nee eben ieee lawn 40)
Description of a new species of Engina from the Loyalty Islands. J. Cy. Munvinn, MA. F:1.8., ete: (Hlustrated)) = si)... 51
The Myology of some Pulmonate Mollusca considered as a dis- .tinctive feature in the discrimination of genera, ete. ae SW... HE. CouLinge, F.Z:8., etc: > ..0°, <s 52
Two new Land-shells from Tenerife. BS J. H. Ponsonpy, F.ZS., etc. and E. R.. Sykes, B.A.,. F.Z.8., etc. (Illustrated) 55
On a new species of Helix from the Khasi Hills. By J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S8., etc. (Illustrated) SL ttt Jee aires ee
On some’ new species of Shells from New Zealand and Australia, and remarks upon some Atlantic forms occurring in deep water off Sydney. By E. A. Surry, F-.Z.S., etc. eee VERE; . Figs. 1-7) SUI Totes ba 57
On the Discovery of a Pharopod i in British Eocene Strata, with the description of a new species. ce G. F. Harris, F.G.S., etc. ‘(llustrated) » Meas oe : : 61
A Revision of the British Eocene eee with Kalen eeg of some new species. By R. B. Newron, F.G.S., etc., and G. F- Ese bye Ges., oten +Ulllustrated) "i. 2*3.2. Sin) ee ses ese, 68
Descriptions of some new or little known Shells of Pulmonate ‘Mollusca from the Oligocene and Eocene formations of ‘England. By R. B. Nrewron, F.G.S., etc., and G. F. Harris,
i. Gas, ete. /(Plate VI and Ilustration)..<4 08. ... 2.2) WR 70
Notes on Verticordia eburnea, Wood-Mason and Alcock, of which V. optima, G. B, Sow., recently published, is a synonym.
By G. B: Sowrrsy, F.L.S., etc. [Abstract] ... te eas) Oe On the Land-shells of Western Australia. By E. A. Smiru,
Hwee ete, (relate VIL, Figs. 8-32)... 7 sc. cca aes 84 Descriptions of new Chinese Clawszlice. By Dr. O. Borrrarr and
Bs SeumAcnnne. (Plates VILE and EX). .16) 2.5 cosy - L100
On the Value of Ancylastrum. By CHARLES HEADLEY, F.L.8., etc. 118
A Revision of the British Eocene Cephalopoda. By R. B. Newton, F.G.S., etc., and. G. F, Harris, ae etc. (Plate X and
Rluceaaa ae or Sty igidee twee Mae biesediy acct elo On the South ‘Méican Pbl@slncophovat By E. Le Sykes, B.A., D2. SeOben tata ats 132
Note on fe Variation ind Distribution of Buliras oblong, Mill yp Be) Aa OMNI EER ZA ObeA 4 Sele oat ly waded Dae toe) java been » LO
vill CONTENTS.
PAPERS (continued)— PAGE Notes on the Variation and Habits of Schizoglossa Novoseelandica, Pfr,,, By, R. MioRbockn?| eb chase ee eee ase bisterieee. Loo
On a small collection of Land and Fresh-water Shells from Oman, Arabia. By E. A. Smiru, F.Z.S., etc. (Illustrated) ... ... 141
On the Anatomy of Pterocera, with some notes on the Crystalline Style. By M..F. Woopwarp., (Plate X12) (2.0.5 0. 1. Idd
Notes on the Anatomy of Bulimulus auris-sciuri, Guppy. By S. Pacu. (Illustrated) se Tsetus Ate at. Oise. tke) Aloe
Descriptions of new species of Marine Shells from the neighbour- hood of Hong-Kong. By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S., ete. (PlaberXl) cats cok ive Peceer ghee aiesala ace, //6R6. ‘226i , Was) « Cooma
Descriptions of four new Shells from the Persian Gulf and Bay of
Zaila. By G.. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., etc. (Plate XII, Figs.
FQ, 23,95. 96)« rans? meet? ane sc ae : se 260 Description of a new species of Trae on iis ‘Beet
Bombay. By J. C. Metvint, M.A., F.L.S., etc. (Illustrated) 162 A List of the Land and Fresh-water cWollaeee sallented by Dr. J. W.
Gregory in East Africa during his expedition to Mount Kenia,
with descriptions of a few new species. a E. A. SMITH,
EZ: Sa ete. (illustrated) 25 ses ee Oa ee Descriptions of some Chinese Land-shells. iy B ener
and Dr. O. Borrrerr. (Plate VIII, Figs. 4 and 8; Plate IX,
{ hutegchee yyy asc) = ane , as =. G9 On some new species of Molbrit fort "Palawan ana ne est ie
hood. . By Dr. A. Brow, , (Illustrated)... 5. {sie * ssp ace LD Address of the President, Dr. H. Woopwarp, F.R.S., etc. ... .. 178 Note on Spirulirostra. By G. B. PrircHarp. Pabst with
reply by R. B. Newton, F.G.S., etc, and G. F. Harris,
HGS. CbC al eaices acer Tees Pm rea hs ase sino ccsies a ge ena [Pearl Growth. By T. i. she aeteett si 4j obs) pee). (oR Synopsis of a review of the Genera of Recent and Tertiary Mactitie
and Mesodesmatide. By W.H. Datt ... ... 203 Descriptions of nine new species of Shells. By G. B. came
ELS., ober "(Plate Xi) ee ree 214 On a new Helicoid Land-shell from Nom Zealsiid. By E R.
Syrus; B.A., F.Z:8., etc. ~ (ilustrated) ©... 9.5 2.0% ¢ 218 Description of a new species of Helix from Burmah. ‘By EB As
Smita, F.Z.S., ete. (Illustrated) =... 01.0 ses owt ore ee Descriptions of new species of Pleurotoma, Mitra, eat Lair us.
By J. C. Metviit, M.A., F.L.S., ete. (Plate RLY ice aa WL
Descriptions of two new ees of Terrestrial Mollusca from the Hadramaut District, South Arabia. By J. C. MELVILL, DW Bis BTiS ry BEG. ie, 4+ soci re eee. | sale Ul qagelve tl Gee iaptiell wale
CONTENTS. 1X
PAPERS (continued)— PAGE Descriptions of four new species of Hngina and a new species of Defrancia. By J. C. Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S., etc. ... ... 226
Notes on the Anatomy of Buliminus Protiond G. B. Sow., isa Bulimulus Kopelli, G. B. Sow. By 8. Pace. (Illustrated) 229
Notes on the Anatomy of Natalina pan Melv. & Pons. 2 Si Pace, » -(lustrated) ii. O10. 0.8 80 232
On a collection of Land- shells made by Mr. I. ae in hewn ‘New Guinea. By O. F. Von M6LLENDorFF, Ph.D. (Plate XV) 234
Review of the genus Plecotrema. By HE. R. Syxus, B.A., F.Z.S., ete. (QUAND ES) 1215 2.0) oe ARE cea Ran Pe er nar ne Spe: Segal agen eee
Observations on the genus Clea, with the renee of a new species. “By E. A: Smitu, F.Z.S., etc. (Illustrated) ... ... 251
On the Sinistral Character of the Shell of Planorbis. By J. H. Wansronnce ((llhustratedy 27.0 5 eae ste cee ee aes as «6 255
Notes on Nassodonta insignis. By E. A. Surry, F.Z.8., etc. ... 257 Notes on West Australian Land-shells. By C. Hepiey, F.L.S., ete. 259
Descriptions of new Clausilie from Japan and Yunnan. By E. R. DuMnss bean Vb Z8., ete: (iilustrated): 2... ..0 oat Sec ised 261
On some New Species of British Mollusca, from the “ Triton” Expedition, with a list of other species new to the Faroe Channel. By H. K. Jorpay, F.G.S., etc. (Plate XVI) ... 264
On the Anatomy of Natalina Caffra, Fév., with special reference to the structure of the Buccal Mass. By M. F. Woopwarp. (Plate XVII and Illustration) ... ... 1. 270
New species of Shells from Kurachi and the Mekran Coast, collected by Mr. F. W. Townsend. By G. B. Sownrsy, F.L.S., etc. (Plate X VIII) PRET eo. Week Ate neigh aces se cées:) heey eee,
Notes on Trochonanina and other genera of Land Mollusca, with reference to the generic position of Martensia Mozambicensis and other species. By Lieut.-Col. H. H. Gopwin-AvsteEn,
iP Rass etesm Gelate XIX) 225 (ce ven, ben : 281 [Obituary Notice of the Right Hon. T. H. Hoey By. Prof. Go Bows, SeclS:, ete. |) us Gch aes . 289
[Petricola pholadiformis in Essex. By J. E. Coopmr. (Atstesany 291
A list of the Land Mollusca of the Island of New Providence, Bahamas, with an enumeration of the species recorded from the othermlslands: By W. BENDADEC (6.0 sc Sek 0ss ) sea. 292 Notes on two cases of Transport and Survival of Terrestrial Mollusca in the New Forest. By T. Lercuron, F.G.S., ete. 296 Note on the Anatomy of the Larva of the European Oyster, Ostrea edulis, Linn. By M. F. Woopwarp. (Plate XX)... ... ... 297
= CONTENTS.
PAPERS (continued)— PAGE Report on the Land and Fresh-water Shells collected by Mr. H. H. Smith at St. Vincent, Grenada, and other neighbouring
Islands. By E. A. Samira, F.Z.S., etc. (Plate XXI) ... ... 300 On a small collection of Land-shells from Central Africa. By
EK. A. Surry, F.Z.8., etc. (Illustrated) ... ... ... 0. ... B23 On some new species of British Eocene Gastropoda, with remarks
on two forms ae described. met B. Newton, F.G.S., ete.
(Plate SCT eek acer feos rote Mees knot Pop oss, ocn), SOS Pterosoma, Lesson, claimed as a Beep. By C. HEDLEY,
F.L.S., etc, (Illustrated) ... 10.0 10. 0. cee eee nee eee, 883 Notes on some Slugs from Algiers. By W. E. CoLurneg,
ES ZpS SHUG: aie sn nate tN Gs: SAitye a5) Unelny Kino) Safe! <ea0 > 7s Sen ee
hist OF SIELUSTRATIONS: IN “WORM
Anatomy of Paraphanta Busbyi. Plate I
Macrochlamys promiscua, n.sp. =
Rhyssota pergrandis and Helix pach, ae n.spp. Amphidromus costifer, n.sp.
Carinaria (four species) See d Rad [Map showing distribution of eamaatad in sealed Anatomy of Ephippodonta, Plate II .
Cancellaria Eudeli, n.sp. ...
Clausilia enigmatica, n.sp. Sa eee
Clausilia Melvilli, n.sp. and CO. Sumatrana var. vicaria, n. British Chitons, Plate IM) 2: .20) Gah ace nates New Mollusca from Mauritius, etc. Plate IV
Voluta Bednalli, Brazier, and Pelecypoda from Indian een
Plate V (col.) Engina zatricium, n.sp. ’ Cea cror ace core eee Helix Parryi and Pupa pyr Pcditay n.spp. Seialda dee ised tise Nanina episema, D.Sp. see ose ne cee tee + Luchilotheca elegans, n.sp. + Dentalium constrictum, n.sp. t Megaspira cylindrica, D.8p: ... se. son ses ne British Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca. Plate VI [Land-shells of Western Australia.] Plate VII... 3 yiaag New Clausilie and Helices from China. Plates VIII and 1X British Eocene Cephalopoda. Plate X Spirulirostra anomala, J. de C. Sby.
Buliminus Omanensis, B. Jousseaumei, and Limncea Uvesicg, n.Spp-
from, OmianoyAmaiey c33 aca. swael ecw fetes aces ces Anatomy of Male Pterocera. Plate XI Be wae’ RS Anatomy of Bulimulus auris-sciuri, Guppy New Shelis from Hong-Kong, etc. Plate XII
100
124
141 143 152 153
xu ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE Engine epidromidea, Sp: ) 3. sx ee ees has Tae ee ee Streptaxis Kibweziensis, Vitrina Baringoensis, Zingis Gregori, and Limnea Elmeteitensis, n.spp. from E. Africa ... ... ... «.. 166 Melania, six n.spp. from Palawan ... ... Sf se oy eee tAscoceras, as modelled by G. C. Crick, F.G. s, sto. Son eect ae) ee New Mollusca... Plate Xeiliogiee ceremmers, ane cc) sk Mocs) Sos eee Endodaonta -Prestont, Wap. © ge ae en bees inka) bn dad) ak Cokes Helin Armstrongi; MBps ee eee Becket me ests tee SES New Mollusca. Plate XIV... ... he: Wee sue) copes eee [Anatomy of | Buliminus Procteri, G. B Bow Bis Give (asx . nat aes [Anatomy of ] Bulimulus Kopelli, G@. B.Sow. .... ... ee nee eee = 280 [Anatomy of ] Natalina Trimeni, Melv. & Pons.... ... ... «2. «0. 232 New Land-shells from New Guinea. Plate XV TIS Eilecotrema, five species. igivat.? Mae VERO RMA 2 Clea Bangueyensis, n.sp. des. pate (Se tsp ae Eee ese”) See see Embryos of Planorbis. and. Limmea: +... ase eee cee nee cee eee 255
[New Clausiliz from Japan and Yunnan] ... ... 1... ... we. 262 New species.of British Mollusca, .Plate XVI ... ... 1... ... o 264 Anatomy of Natalina Caffra, etc. Plate XVIII sud OUR hs MOM ee Natalina Caffra, from life its, “ets Aad re ohh SR eee Mekran Coast Mollusca. Plate XVIII oa? Alas Ufa e 72) AGS eee Anatomy of Martensia, Discus, etc. Plate XIX See? east) Mice eros Larval.Oyster. .Plate XX. ... ... As Ss Ce Molluses of St. Vincent and Grenada, West Indies Plate XXI ... 322
Limicolaria saturata, L. ventricosa, and Achatina Ellioti, n.spp. from Central Africa wis. iss tase tate vase teas an UE a
British Eocene Gastropoda. Plate XXII ... ... 1... 10. 1. oe 882 BPCTOSOMG +45. vai Hits Beds NS ta ee sa 2. ee New Algerian Slugs is. -sis +s. tess tase a. MW lL) 7
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
eoo"so “os
LIST OF MEMBERS.
(Corrected up to June 8th, 1894.)
Adams, Lionel E., B.A., 77, St. Giles Street, Northampton. Adcock, Daniel John, 42, Currie Street, Adelaide, South Australia. Assheton, Richard, M.A., Birnam, Cambridge.
Baldwin, D. D., Haiku, Maui, Hawaiian Islands.
Beddome, Lieut. C. E., T.N., Hillgrove, near Hobart, Tasmania,
Beddome, Col. R. H., Sispara, 75, West Hill, Wandsworth.
Bednall, W. T., The Museum, Adelaide, South Australia.
Bendall, W., 77, Baker Street, Portman Square, London, W.
Berthelin, G., Mem. Soc. Geol. France, 31, Rue de Vaugirard, Paris.
Billinghurst, F. B., The National Bank of Australasia, Castlemaine, Victoria.
Birley, Miss Caroline, Seedley Terrace, Pendleton.
Bles, E. J., B.Sc., Director Marine Biological Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth.
Boettger, Prof. Dr. Oskar, M.A.N., C.M.Z.S., 6, Seiler Strasse, Frankfurt-am-Main.
Bonnet, A., 55, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris.
Bowell, E. W., Sissinghurst Vicarage, Staplehurst, Kent.
Brazier, John, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Windmill Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
Brot, Dr. Auguste, Malagnon 6, Geneva.
Brusina, Prof. Spiridon, Director of the Zoological Department of the Natural History Museum, Zagreb (Agram), Croatia.
Burkill, I. H., Caius College, Cambridge.
Burnup, Henry, Maritzburg, Natal.
Burrows, H. W., A.R.I.B.A., 94, Elm Park, Brixton, London, 8. W.
Butterell, Joseph Darker, Willow Grove, Beverley, Hull.
Cairns, Robert, 159, Queen Street, Hurst, Ashton-under-Lyne.
Carrington, John T., 1, Northumberland Avenue, London, W.C.
Caziot, Mons., Chef d’Escadron 38th Regiment d’Artillerie, Nimes, France.
Chaplin, J. C., Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Chaster, Dr. G. W., 42, Talbot Street, Southport, Lancashire.
Christie, A. H., 15, Hamilton Terrace, St. John’s Wood, London, N.W.
Clapham, Sidney C., Hurst Lodge, Gravel Hill, Bexley Heath, Kent.
Claremont, Dr C. ©., Millbrook House, Hampstead Road, London, N.W.
Class, P. Estcourt, 36, Crutched Friars, London, E.C.
Clifton-Crick, C. P., Blount Lodge, 204, Lordship Road, Stoke Newington, London, N.
Collier, E., 1, Heather Bank, Moss Lane East, Manchester.
Collinge, W. E., Mason College, Birmingham.
Cooke, Rey. A. H., M.A., F.Z.S., King’s College, Cambridge.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Cooper, James Eddowes, 93, Southwood Lane, Highgate, London, N.
Cossmann, Maurice, 95, Rue de Maubeuge, Paris.
Cox, Dr. J. C., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
Craven, Alfred E., Musée Royale d’Histoire Naturelle, Brussels.
Crawford, James, c/o Messrs. J. C. Kemsley and Co., Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Crick, G. C., F.G.S., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 8. W.
Crosse, J. C. Hippolyte, 25, Rue Tronchet, Paris.
Crouch, W., F.Z.S., Grafton House, Wellesley Road, Wanstead, Essex.
Da Costa, 8. J., 2, Craven Hill, London, W.
Dall, William Healey, Honorary Curator Department of Mollusca U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C.
Damon, R. F., Weymouth.
Daniel, A. T., M.A., Richmond Terrace, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent.
Darbishire, R. D., Victoria Park, Manchester.
Dautzenberg, Ph., 213, Rue de Université, Paris.
Dollfus, Gustave, 45, Rue de Chabrol, Paris.
Dodd, B. Sturges, 67, Beech Avenue, New Basford, Nottingham.
Farquhar, John, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Foster, Miss A. C. S., Cavendish House, Clapham, London, 8.W. Fulton, Hugh, 216, King’s Road, Chelsea, London, 8.W.
Gain, W. A., Tuxford, Newark.
Godwin - Austen, Lt.-Col. H. H., F.R.S., etc., Shalford Park, Guildford.
Groves, Henry, 58, Jeffreys Road, Clapham Rise, London, 8. W.
Gude, G. K., F.Z.8., 5, Giesbach Road, Upper Holloway, London.
Guerne, Baron Jules de, Docteur es Sciences, 6, Rue de Tournon, Paris.
Guppy, R. J. Lechmere, Port of Spain, Trinidad.
Gwatkin, Rev. Prof. H. M., 8, Scrope Terrace, Cambridge.
Harris, G. F., F.G.S., 23, St. Saviour’s Road, Brixton Hill, London, 8. W.
Hart, J. H., Curator Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad.
Harvard, T. Mawson, 16, Radford Road, Hither Green, Lewisham, London, 8.E.
Haynes, T. Henry, 44, Parliament Hill, Hampstead, London, N.W.
Hedley, Charles, F.L.S., Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S. Wales.
Henn, Arnold V., Linnean Hall, Ithaca Road, Elizabeth Bay, Sydney, N.S. Wales.
Hind, Wheelton, M.D., F.G.S., Roxeth House, Stoke-on-Trent.
Hoyle, W. E., M.A., M.R.C.S., F.R.S.E., Keeper of the Manchester Museum, The Owens College, Manchester.
Hudleston, W. H., M.A., F.R.S., V.P.G.S., 8, Stanhope Gardens, London, S.W.
Hutton, Capt. F. W., F.R.S., F.G.S., Canterbury Museum, Christ- church, New Zealand.
Jenkins, A. J., 6, Douglas Terrace, Douglas Street, Deptford, London, 8.E.
Jordan, H. K., F.G.S., The Knoll, Clytha Park, Newport, Mon.
Jousseaume, Dr., 29, Rue de Gerjovie, Paris.
Justen, Frederick, 37, Soho Square, London, W.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 3
Kendig, A. B., D.D., 2190, Seventh Avenue, New York, U.S.A.
Kennard, A. S., Cranbrook, 53, Ravenscroft Road, Beckenham, Kent.
Kew, H. Wallis, F.Z.S., 20, Torbay Road, Brondesbury, London, N.W.
Kitching, Langley, J.P., Rosenhurst, Bewdley, Worcester.
Kobelt, Dr. W., Schwanheim (Main), Germany.
Layard, E. L., C.M.G., F.Z.S., Otterbourne, Budleigh Salterton, Devon.
Leighton, T., F.G.8., Lindisfarne, St. Julian’s Farm Road, West Norwood, London.
Loat, W. Leonard 8., Southborough, Tunbridge Wells, Kent.
Lodder, Miss Mary, Lonah, Ulverstone, Tasmania.
Macandrew, J. J., Ivy Bridge, Devonshire.
Mansel-Pleydell, J. C., F.G.S., Whatcombe, near Blandford, Dorset.
Martens, Prof. Dr. E. von, Museum fiir Naturkunde, Berlin, N.W.
Masefield, John R. B., M.A., Rosehill, Cheadle, Staffordshire.
Matthews, E. H. V., Post and Telegraph Station, Yorke Town,
South Australia.
Meiklejohn, Dr. W. J. S., F.L.S., 105, Holland Road, Kensington,
London, W.
Mellors, George, 48, Moorgate Street, London, E.C.
Melvill, J. Cosmo, M.A., F.L.8., Kersal Cottage, Prestwich, near
Manchester.
Milne, J. Grafton, Mansfield House, Canning Town, London, E.
Milnes, Rev. Herbert, Winster Vicarage, Derby.
Moellendorf, Dr. O. von, Consul of the German Empire, Manila, Philippine Islands.
Monckton, H. W., F.L.S., Whitecairn, Wellington College Station, Berks.
Monterosato, Marquis A. de, 1, Via Pietro Colletta, Palermo, Sicily.
Moss, W., F.C.A., 13, Milton Place, Ashton-under-Lyne.
Murdoch, R., Wanganui, New Zealand.
Newton, R. Bullen, F.G.S., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 8. W.
Norman, Rev. Canon Merle, D.C.L., F.R.S., Burnmoor Rectory, Fencehouses, Durham.
Oldham, C., Ashlands, Ashton-on-Mersey.
Pace, S., 252, Fulham Road, London, 8.W.
Parry, Lt.-Col. G. 8., 18, Hyde Gardens, Eastbourne.
Peal, C. N., F.L.S., Fernhurst, 8, Mattock Lane, Ealing, London, W. Pearce, Rev. 8. 8., M.A., Long Combe Vicarage, Woodstock. Ponsonby, J. H., F.Z.8., 15, Chesham Place, London, 8.W.
Preston, H. B., jun., 47, Lexham Gardens, London, W.
Pritchard, G. B., 22, Mantell Street, Moonee Ponds, Victoria.
Quaife, C., Hughenden, Queen Street, Woollahra, Sydney, N.S.W. Quekett, J. F., Maritzburg, Natal.
Ragsdale, J. R., The Beeches, Whitefield, Lancashire.
Ridley, Mrs. E. P., 6, Paget Road, Ipswich.
Rimmer, Richard, J.P., F.L.S., Dalawoodie, Dumfries. Roberts, Rev. E. D., St. Paul’s Vicarage, Lozells, Birmingham. Rosevear, J. Burman, 5, Pomona Place, Poole Park, Fulham.
4 LIST OF MEMBERS.
O Scharff, R. F., Ph.D., D.Se., Natural History Museum, Dublin. 1894 Schmacker, B., c/o Carlowitz and Co., Shanghai. O Shepherd, Dr. W. G., 30, Myddelton Square, London, E.C, O Sherborne, C. D., F.G.S., F.Z.S., 540, King’s Road, Chelsea, London, 8.W. 1894 Simroth, Dr. Heinrich, Gohlis, Leipzig. 1894 Skeet, Miss, School of Arts, Sydney, New South Wales. O Smith, Edgar A., F.Z.S., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 8.W. O Soul, J. 8., 3, Nightingale Road, Clapton, London, N.E. O Sowerby, G. B., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 121, Fulham Road, London, 8.W. 1893 Squyer, Homer, Mingusville, Montana, U.S.A. O Stalley, H. J., 68, Little Britain, London, E.C. 1893 Stump, E. C., 16, Herbert Street, Moss Side, Manchester. 1894 Suter, Henry, Springfield Road, Christchurch, New Zealand. QO Sykes, Ernest Ruthven, B.A.. F.Z.S., 13, Doughty Street, London, W.C.
1894 Tate, Prof. Ralph, The University, Adelaide, South Australia. 1893 Taylor, Rev. G. W., St. Barnabas Rectory, 239, Cook Street, Victoria, British Columbia. 1893 Taylor, J. W., F.L.S., Outwood Villa, Horsforth, Leeds. QO Tomlin, J. Brockton, B.A., Cathedral School, Llandaff. 1894 Tripe, Major-General L., 3, Osborne Villas, Stoke, Devonport. O Turner, W., 27, Queen’s Court, Edinburgh, O Turton, Capt. W. H., R.E., Park Villa, Hayton, near Liverpool. O Tye, G. Sherriff, 10, Richmond Road, Handsworth, Birmingham.
1893 Vanstone, J. H., A.R.C.S., 11, Ardsley Terrace, East Dulwich, London, 8.E, 1894 Verco, Dr. J. C., North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia.
1894 Walker, Bryant, 18, Moffat Buildings, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. 1893 Wallis, H. M., 6, Southern Hill, Reading. 1893 Waterhouse, Mrs., Ellerslie, Birrell Street, Waverley, Sydney, New South Wales. O Watson, Rev. R. Boog, LL.D., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., F.C.P., Manse, Cardross, Dumbarton. QO Webb, W. M., F.L.8., Holmesdale, Brentwood. 1894 Whidborne, Rev. G. F., M.A., F.G.S., St. George’s Vicarage, 33, Battersea Park Road, London, 8. W. QO Wilmer, Col. W., 12, Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, London. O Woodward, B. B., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., 131, The Grove, Ealing, London, W. O Woodward, Dr. Henry, F.R.S., Pres.G.S., etc. British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 1894 Woodward, Mrs. Henry, 129, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, London, S.W. QO Woodward, Martin F., Demonstrator in Biology, Royal College of Science, South Kensington, London. QO Wotton, F. W., Mount Stuart, Rothesay, Isle of Bute. 1893 Wright, Charles A., Kayhough House, Kew Gardens, Kew, London.
All corrections or alterations of address are to be sent to E. R. Sykes, 13, Doughty Street, London, W.C.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
INAUGURAL MEETING.
A Meeting of a number of Conchologists was held on the 27th February, 1893, at 67, Chancery Lane, W. H. Huptusron, F.R:Si; Pres.G.8., etc., in the chair, when the following resolutions were passed :—
1.—That a Society be formed in London for the purpose of furthering the study of the Mollusca and Brachiopoda in all their branches. 2,—That the Society be called the “ Manaconoe@icaL Socrury OF Lonpon,” and that the Annual Subscription be 10s. 6d. 3.—That those who have signified to Mr. Sykes their willingness to join the Society shall constitute the original Members. [The list of seventy names which had been given in was then read out to the meeting. ] 4,—That the original Members, and those who join the Society during the year 1893, be exempt from entrance fee. 5.—That the election of Members, subsequent to this the inaugural meeting, be by ballot, under regulations to be drawn up by the Council. 6.—That there be an Entrance Fee, and that it be 10s. 6d. 7.—That the following constitute the first Council :— President.—Dr. H. Woodward, F.R.S. Vice-Presidents —Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S., &c. ; W. H. Hudleston, F.R.S., &. ; J. Cosmo Melvill, F.L.S. ; E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. Treasurer.—G. F. Harris, F.G.S. Secretary.—E. R. Sykes, F.Z.8. Other Members of Cowncil.—H. W. Burrows, G. C. Crick, F.G.S. W. Crouch, F.Z.S., Rev. Canon Norman, D.C.L., F J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S., G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., B. Woodward, F.G.S. 8.—That the Council be instructed to draw up the Rules, and submit them at the next Meeting of the Society. 9.—That the Meetings be held on the second Friday in each month, commencing in April, 1893. 10.—That the Resolutions passed at this Meeting be printed and cir- culated amongst the Members.
Votes of thanks were passed to the Chairman for presiding, and to Mr. G. F. Harris for the use of the room. 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
FIRST MEETING.
The first meeting of the Society was held at 67, Chancery Lane, on 14th April, 1893. The President, Dr. H. Woodward, F.R.S., ete., in the chair. The Rules drawn up by the Council were laid before the members, and after discussion and amendment were ordered to be printed and circulated.
ORDINARY MEETING. Frmay, May 12ru, 1893. Dr. Henry Woopwarp, F.R.S., etc., President, in the Chair,
The following were elected Members of the Society :—A. T. Daniel, R. D. Darbishire, H. Groves, Dr. Wheelton Hind, J. R. B. Masefield, H. M. Wallis.
a following papers were read :— . On the Molluscan genus Paryphanta, and on the anatomy of Pe otters Bir.) ADY, Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S., etc. 2. ‘‘ Descriptions of six new species of Land-Shells from Antianis? by Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S., etc.
3. ‘Notes on the genus Carinaria, with an enumeration of the species and the description of a new form,” by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., ete.
Mr. Da Costa exhibited, and read a short note on, a series of specimens of. Bulimulus Membielinus, Crosse, and B. felix, Pfr., from
the neighbourhood of Bogota, and also showed specimens of Pa -yphanta Hochstetteri and P. Busby.
The President exhibited specimens of Zanistes ovum from Zanzibar ; and, on behalf of Mr. H. Preece, F.R.S., some specimens of Saxicava in their burrows.
Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited specimens in illustration of his paper.
Mr. G. B. Sowerby exhibited several species of Cartnaria in illus- tration of his paper.
Mr. W. Crouch exhibited living examples of Purpura lapillus. Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited some Land-Shells from Jaya.
ORDINARY MEETING. Frmay, June 91H, 1893. Dr. H. Woopwarp, F.R.S., ete., President, in the Chair.
The following were elected Members of the Society : —Ph. Dautzen- berg, Dr. Paul Fischer, Lieut.-Col. @. S. Parry, and Homer Squyer.
The following papers were read :—
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 3
1. “On Nautilus, recent and fossil,” by G. F. Harris, F.G.S., &c.
[ABSTRACT].
The author gave a brief account of the anatomy and habits of Nautilus, with especial reference to V. pompilius, Linn., in the course of which the siphuncle of that species was described in some detail. After alluding to Brooks’ remarks! on the structure of the siphuncle the author stated that from an examination of several specimens in which that part was well pre- served, he was prepared to acquiesce in the views of the American author, except in a few minor particulars. These exceptions, with some additional observations, may be summarised as follows :—The inner conchiolin tube does not rest immediately against the inside of the spiculous sheath, there being a small space between the two; this is not due to contraction of the conchiolin tube, as the author at first suspected might be the case, but existed when the animal was living. This conclusion is based on the fact that there are, so far as can be ascertained, no impressions of the ends of the spicule to be found on the surface of the conchiolin layer. In the specimens examined, a greater portion of the spiculous layer was observ- able not covered by conchiolin, near the shelly portion of the funnel, than is shown in the figure accompanying Mr. Brooks’ paper. The funnels in question were old ones, apparently of about the same age as the one depicted in that figure.
2. ‘‘ Note on the distribution of Geomalacus maculosus, Allman, in Ireland,” by Dr. R. F. Scharff.
3. ‘On the habitat of the genus “Lphippodonta, Tate,” by E. H. Matthews, communicated by the Secretary.
4. On the occurrence of Cyclostrema millepunctatum, Friele, in the British Seas,” by G. W. Chaster.
Mr. G. F. Harris exhibited specimens of Nautilus in illustration of his paper.
Dr. Scharff exhibited living examples of Geomalacus maculosus from the South-West of Ireland.
The Secretary, on behalf of Mr. Matthews, exhibited specimens in spirit and shells of Ephippodonta lunata and FE. MaceDougalli, with specimens of the shrimp Axius plectorhynchus, Strake, and its burrow, in which the Ephippodonta is found; all from South Australia.
Mr. F. W. Wotton exhibited specimens of /socardia cor from the Isle of Man, Galway, Dundrum Bay, off the Smalls (St. Brides Bay), and the Bay of Biscay.
Mr. W. Crouch exhibited a spirit specimen of Akera bullata, taken in the river Crouch, Essex.
Mr. J. B. Rosevear exhibited living examples of Orthalicus zebra from the Barbadoes.
Dr. G. W. Chaster exhibited the specimens of Cyclostrema mille- punctatum from off the Isle of Man, alluded to in his note.
1 Henry Brooks’ ‘‘ Preliminary Remarks on the Structure of the siphon and funnel of Nautilus Pompilius,’ Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xxiii., part ili, (1888), p. 380, e¢ seq.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, Jury 14rx, 1898. Dr. H. Woopwarp, F.R.S., ete., President, in the Chair.
The following were elected Members of the Society :—G. Dollfus, C. Hedley, Dr. Jousseaume, Dr. Kendig, J. J. MacAndrew, and R. Rimmer.
The following papers were read :—
1. ‘‘On the occurrence of Crepidula fornicata in Essex,” by Mr. W. Crouch, F.Z.S., etc.
2. “On the anatomy of Ephippodonta MacDougalli, Tate,” by Mr. M. F. Woodward, Demonstrator of Zoology, Royal College of Science.
3. ‘Description of a new species of Cancellaria from Penang,’’ by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., etc.
4. “On the Clausiliz of Sumatra, with descriptions of two new species and a new variety,” by E. R. Sykes, F.Z.8.
Mr. G. K. Gude then read a note ‘‘On the habit of oviposition in the umbilicus of some Helices of the section Zzbera,’’ which he illus- trated by the exhibition of specimens of Helix subcavernula, Tryon, H. retunsa, Pfr., H. tumuloides, Garrett. In the last-named species the umbilicus was covered with a lamellar plate.
Mr. W. Crouch exhibited shells in illustration of his paper.
Mr. F. W. Wotton exhibited specimens of Fusus Berniciensis from off the Smalls, the Isle of Bute, and other localities.
Mr. H. Fulton exhibited some shells from Japan.
Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited specimens of Clausilia (Albinaria) from Crete and the neighbouring islands.
Mr. G. B. Sowerby exhibited specimens in illustration of his paper.
GODWIN-AUSTEN : PARYPHANTA. 5
ON THE MOLLUSCAN GENUS PARYPHANTA AND ON THE ANATOMY OF P. HOCHSTETTERI, Ptr.
By Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwiy-Avsren, F.R.S., ete. Read May 12th, 1893, PLATE I.
TurovenH the kindness of Mr. S. J. Da Costa, I have been enabled to examine the animal of Helix Hochstetter’, sent to him from New Zealand in spirit; he placed in my hands two specimens which had been extracted from the shells, so that a portion of the animal was lost in both cases and I am unable to give a complete drawing of the generative organs, but as the missing portion consists of the her- maphrodite gland and duct with the albumen gland it is not of so much importance ; the same remark also applies to the alimentary canal and neighbouring parts.
This species is very closely allied to the type of the genus Paryphanta, founded by Albers,! who included in it 14 species; of these only two can now be retained, viz., P. Busbyi, Gray (1841), which is fortunately quoted as the type, and P. Dhilligana, Pfr. (1852); to these Professor F. W. Hutton in an excellent paper on New Zealand Land Mollusca? added P. Hochstetteri, Pir. (1861), and P. Gilliesii, Smith (1880), four species in all. Of the remaining twelve species originally placed in the genus, one, P. wrnula, Pfr., has been transferred to Rhytida on the authority of Hutton; two species, P. coresia, Gray, and P. Jeffrey- siana, Pfr., pass into his new genus H/ea, (1883)*; another, P. obnubila, Reeve, goes to Thalassia; whilst P. splendidula, Ptr., a very different form, which I only know from Sowerby’s drawing,’ apparently not from New Zealand but from Torres Straits, must be placed in some other genus together perhaps with another species, P. atramentaria, foreign to New Zealand and coming from Victoria. One species, P. lambda, Pfr., is the same as P. obnubila mentioned above, and the remaining five species, viz.:— P.omega, Pir. = P.compressisoluta, Reeve (1852), chiron, Gray, crebiflammis, Pfr., phlogophora, Pfr., and rapida, Pfr., have been placed, by Hutton in Amphidoxa, but on what grounds is not clearly shewn.
Amphidoxza was founded by Albers,‘ the type being Helix mar- morella, Pfr., with a second closely allied species, -Amphidoxa helicophantoides, Pfr., both from Juan Fernandez. They are figured by Sowerby in the Conchologia Iconica, Pl. exiii., and both are obliquely streaked, being thus similar to Helix zebra, Guillon (1842)= phlogophora, Pfr., 1849 = flammigera, Pfr. (1852) = multilimbata, Hombron and Jacquinot (1854); similar markings distinguish Amphidoxa chiron, Gray, and A. erebriflammis, Pfr. This character,
1 “Die Heliceen,”’ 2nd ed. 1860, p. 48. 2 Trans. New Zealand Inst. xvi,, p. 207. 3 Reeve ‘‘ Conch. Icon.” Helix Pl. cl., No. 973. 4 «Die Heliceen,” 1860, 2nd ed., p. 82.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
combined with the general form and size, probably lead Hutton to consider the genus a New Zealand one. I should, however, unless the anatomical characters have been proved to be the same, hesitate to do so, and the extended range of this genus must be received with great doubt considermg the enormous distance between the two islands.
Helix zebra=phlogophora is, as 1 have mentioned before, placed in Paryphanta by Albers and is retained in that genus by Hutton in his paper,’ and described as having a mucous gland. In his revision of the Land Mollusca of New Zealand, it is placed in Amphidowa. If the character of the mucous gland be correctly given it must be placed in some other genus, for no other species included under Amphidoxa is described as possessing this eum The jaw moreover is smooth (see Hutton’s figure on Pl. xi. fig. P.), and in this respect and in the drawing of the radula (Pl. ix. fig. Z.) the dentition is nearer the type of the Indo-Malay species of the Zonitide than any of the other lingual ribbons, figured by Hutton, of New Zealand land shells.
Deseription.— Animal when alive apparently very dark indigo grey; (Busbyi is described as ‘‘ dark blue black’’). There is no sign of a mucous pore. The foot below is pale grey and is much wrinkled into folds directed centrally to where the powerful retractor muscles have their attachment (Fig. 2 and 3), it is produced, and narrows rapidly, in front, broad and rounded behind, and it evidently can be very widely and laterally extended in life, so as to be oval in form, which is still its character in the spirit specimen. There is no central area. The foot is striated above (Fig. 4) by fine equidistant grooves, united by finer cross lines: the first terminate in a narrow pallial groove running parallel to the edge of the foot.
There are no mantle lobes, though the mantle (Fig. 1) is no doubt recurved over the edge of the peristome in life. The neck lappets or lobes are small, the right simple, the left in two lobes, one next the respiratory orifice, the other tongue shaped on the posterior side, and in this respect it resembles [Helix (Jthysota), Brookei, from Borneo. The buccal mass (Figs. 5 and 7) is very large, about 32 mm. long in its contracted state, it is cylindrical bent round downwards and again forwards at the posterior end, broad side muscles keeping it in this position ; the muscular attachments are very strong. The sides of the buccal mass have a thin, somewhat horny covering, through which in front the radula can be detected, the anterior side muscles pass through this outer covering and are attached to the lingual cartilage just at the point where the radula first emerges from the central sheath in which it is developed. The odontophore, when the mouth is cut away, shews the radula contracted into an oval U-like form (Fig. 8) and turned back from the inside lapping over to the outside of the long lingual cartilages, which further back enclose the muscular sheath n (m S. Fig. si in which the radula takes its rise. The odonto-
: ee on New Zealand Land Shells.” Trans. New Zealand Inst. xvi. p. 170. 27tenp. 198,
GODWIN-AUSTEN : PARYPHANTA,. 7
phore thus differs considerably from the globose form usually seen in other genera.
There is no jaw, the area occupied by it in other forms being very muscular and highly contractile in a crenulate manner all round. This form of mouth would give the animal the power of first adjusti- bility, and secondly retention on contraction. At the same time the elongate form of the odontophore points to its being capable of pro- trusion far forward; these characters with the great size and strength of the muscular buccal mass are quite in unison with its carnivorous habits. The widely spreading foot would also have a great power of adherence to any surface, and also of enveloping the stalk on which it was climbing.
The radula is broad and long (67 x 1 X 67), the rows forming an acute angle directed backwards.
The centre tooth is small (Fig. 6), half the size of the following admedian teeth, and is short and straight sided. The median teeth are long aculeate, flatter on the inner than on the outer side, the _ points slightly bending inwards like those of swords; there is a gradual transition to the outermost laterals, no marked change of form occurring, the teeth getting shorter until of a triangular shape.
The nervous system is well shown, throwing off nerves to every part of the foot. A very large salivary gland of thick elongate shape extends centrally to that part of the foot where the principal muscles are attached.
The generative aperture is in the usual position. The male organ (Figs. 10, 11, 12) is elongate, simple, with the retractor muscle at the very end. The vas deferens is short and unites with it very low down, not far from the generative aperture; it is convoluted for nearly its whole length and lies close to the side of the oviduct. The sper- matheca (Fig. 13) is moderately short and pear shaped.
The male organ being of a dark colour, like the eye tentacles, it may at first sight be taken for one of them, but the greater size soon distinguishes it. For about half way up, or 17 mm., to above the junction of the vas deferens, the sheath forms a tube, with sides having long parallel ridges: here there is a blunt knob (Fig. 12) with little nipple-like crenulations round it; the posterior portion is thence solid and muscular.
While examining this species I received a very interesting paper ? from the author, Mr. C. Hedley, wherein he describes and figures
1 This peculiarity is also to be seen in Testacella, a specimen of which as a jawless land molluse I dissected at the same time as Paryphanta. My specimen came from Gloucestershire and I took it to be 7. haliotidex. This shews a close convolution of the vas deferens for a short distance, and just where it first becomes a free tube. Mr. W. E. Collinge, in a paper (Annals and Mag. Nat. History July, 1893) I have received since reading this communication, alludes to this curious distinction in T. maugei, Fer., and gives a drawing of it, Pl.i., fig. 3, and to him is due the credit of first calling attention to this curious divergency of character and one which I have never met with in any other group.
2 << Schizoglossa; a new genus of carnivorous sunails,’’ Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, ser, ii., vii., pp. 387-92.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
the animal of Daudebardia Novoseelandica, shews its affinities are with Paryphanta, although slug-like in form; he also points out how it differs from the European genus Zestacella, and he has rightly constituted a new genus, Schizoglossa, for its reception. In the form of the buccal mass this new sub-genus shews best the close relationship which it has with Paryphanta, both in the rounded form of the basal end and in the unification of the salivary glands (Fig. 5), neither of which characters are to be seen in Zestacella haliotidea (from Gloucester- shire), which I have examined. For in this latter species the buceal mass (Fig. 14) is cylindrical elongate and pointed, merging into the strong muscles that are attached to the apex of the little sub-spiral shell (Fig. 15) ; while the salivary glands are quite separate from one another and lie on either side of the oesophagus.
In the generative organs (Fig. 16) we find this difference. The vas deferens in Testacella joins the male organ near the attachment of the retractor muscle at the posterior end, whereas in Paryphanta and Schizoglossa it is peculiarly short and joins the male organ very low down just above the generative aperture (Figs. 10, 11). Mr. Hedley well expresses it thus: 1 ‘‘ Their external appearance is quite sug- gestive of the European carnivores Daudebardia and Testacella; the rudimentary shell quaintly perched on the creature’s tail, the auriform shape of that shell and the aculeate teeth of the radula all combine to present a strong, but I am persuaded a superficial and misleading likeness to their antipodean representatives. Closer examination detects differences in every detail.” The exact position of the point of attachment to the epidermal envelope of the retractor muscles of such organs as the eye, generative organs, etc., is, I consider, of very great importance when studying the differences between generic groups, being an internal character less liable to change than other external ones. I may mention here that in Zestacella the right eye tentacle has its retractor muscle situated on the base of the foot near the right posterior margin, while that of the left eye tentacle is attached to the upper surface of the body cavity on the left hand side, just in front of the margin of the shell.
There is one New Zealand species, however, which does require a closer and more detailed examination, and that is Zestacella vagans, so that it may be compared in all its organs with 7Zestacella ot the Northern Hemisphere. The teeth of the radula are shown by Hutton to be barbed at the tip, and the centrals are small, in which respect they resemble the European species, as also in the divided foot, but the mantle parted into numerous lobes is a departure. I hope Mr. Hedley will be able to get hold of this species and give us a good account of it. The three Nearctic genera of the section AGNATHA, viz., Paryphanta, Atlea and Schizoglossa, I would propose placing in a sub-family under the title of ParypHantine, Schizoglossa bearing the same relationship to Paryphanta as Girasia, Grey, does to Macrochlamys among the Zonitidee. Whether the development has been from the
xc. p. S8sr
—"
cae
. > ala Ae tive : c cy
. is
eins = ue . : At Seti dd . a > nt Aste 2 MM pacts esthetic mul : S dyselaetien, a ae | are cer “eet ‘ _ ; pulieig i: ; - Se SAG hr a) ee a he ELS i vk = : : :
>
cnigittih (aA ts | | . mf
ee} pour? ra) : ey Talus - =u ; ra “ Ys ar. gracias § 4 : : : <n » Ap
Proc. Matuac. Soc. Vole. eels ie
py
PIR WEY
H, H. G. A. del.
ANATOMY OF PARYPHANTA BUSBYI AND OF THSTACELLA MAUGET?
GODWIN-AUSTEN : PARYPHANTA. 9
more or less perfect shell-like form to the slug-like as in the Zonitide, or the reverse, it is not so easy to determine.
Fic.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE I.
1.—Animal of Paryphanta Busbyi ; M. edge of mantle; Res. Or. respiratory orifice ; 7. m. J. right neck lobe; 7. x. 7. left neck lobe; a. n. ¢. ante- rior neck lobe; py. ». 7. posterior neck lobe; s. sole of foot. 2.—Sole of foot, spirit specimen. 3.—Do. magnified. 4.—Upper surface, near edge of foot. 5.—Buccal mass, side view. 6.—Central teeth of radula x 90. 7.—Lingual cartilages exposed. 8.—Radula seen from the front, contracted. 9.—Showing the radula and its powerful posterior retractor muscles ; m. mouth ; «@s, cesophagus; Sal. g. salivary gland; Sal. d. salivary duct ; 7. intestine ; 7. m. andi. m. B. retractor muscles of the Buccal mass; /. c. lingual cartilage ; m. s. muscular sheath. 10, 11.—Generative organs. P. male organ; sp. Spermatheca; ». d. vas deferens ; ov. oviduct; 7. m. retractor muscle. : 12.—Portion of the male organ enlarged and interior exposed. 13.—Spermatheca much enlarged and showing the internal wall. 14.—Buceal mass of Z¢stacel/a with salivary glands, etc., viewed from left side. 15.—Do. showing muscle attachments to shell. 16.—Generative organs of Testacella, sp. (? mauget) x 2. 17.—Outline of Zestacella, upper surface. 18.—Jd. under side x muscle attachment of eye tentacles.
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF LAND-SHELLS FROM ANNAM.
By Enear A. Suitu, F.Z.S., &e. Read May 12th, 1893.
Tne specimens about to be described formed part of the collection of the late M. Emile Eudel, and were obtained by Mr. Fulton when that collection was sold a few months ago. With the exception of the two species of Cyclophorus all were collected by M. Eudel himself in 1890. A note accompanying the specimens reads as follows :— ‘“Récoltés vivants dans les Montagnes boitées du Huyen de Tri-phuoce, Province Binh-dinh, An-nam.”’
Both the Rhyssota and the /Hadra are very fine species, and the Amplhidromus is remarkable for the peculiar varix on the back of the body-whorl.
The two species of Cyclophorus were collected on the ‘‘ Collines du Village de Vung-chao, Song-can.”” It is with considerable hesitation that I venture to describe new species of this genus, notorious for the uncertainty of many of the species already published.
MacrocHLAMYS PROMISCUA.
Testa depressa, orbicularis, parum elata, anguste perforata, supra fusco cornea, vix nitida, infra pallida, albo-cornea, polita; anfractus 63 lente accrescentes, convexiusculi, incrementi lineis ad suturam confertis striisque spiralibus minutis numerosissimis supra sculpt, ultimus ad peripheriam obsolete angulatus, infra haud concentrice striatus; spira depresse conica, ad apicem obtusa, pallida ; apertura oblique lunata, caruleo -albida ; ; peristoma tenuissimum, margine columellari leviter incrassato, ‘supra umbilicum breviter reflexo. Diam. maj. 81 mm., min. 28, alt. 19. Apertura 16 lata, 14 alta. Hab.—Annam.
Macrochlamys promisewa, 0.sp.
This species is remarkable for the contrast in colour and sculpture of the upper and under surfaces. The fine puckering at the suture, caused by very numerous arcuate and oblique lines of growth, is also peculiar.
SMITH : ANNAM LAND-SHELLS. Wi
RuyssoTA PERGRANDIS.
Testa magna, sinistrorsa, depresse conoidea, obtuse carinata, pro- funde et mediocriter late umbilicata, solidiuscula, supra fusca, apicem versus pallidior, rufescens, hic illic colore saturatiore oblique et arcuatim strigata, ad carinam pallida, infra zona latissima nigro-fusca ornata, circa umbilicum olivaceo-lutescens; anfractus 53 celeriter accrescentes, convexiusculi, lineis incrementi validis, valde obliquis et arcuatis, striisque spiralibus numerosis granulatis decussatis (in anfr. ult. sensim evanidis) ornati, ultimus ad peripheriam acute angulatus, antice haud descendens, infra medium haud granulatus; spira brevis, ad apicem obtusissima; apertura perobliqua, intus subopalescens, bipartita, parte superior albo-ceerulea, inferiori saturate nigro-fusca ; peristoma validum, vix incrassatum, ad marginem dilute fuscescens, margine inferiore maxime recedente, columellari late sinuato, ad insertionem expanso. Diam. maj. 78 mm.,; min. 64; alt. 40. Apertura 39 lata, 30 alta. ™ab.—Annam.
This species is as large as R. Brookei, Adams and Reeve, from Borneo, and like that shell, it is sinistral. It is, however, more depressed, thinner and openly umbilicated. It is a very fine species and cannot be mistaken for any of the known sinistral forms.
Tthyssota pergrandis, v.sp. Helix (Hadra) pachychilus, n.sp.
Herrx (Hapra) pacuycuitvs!.
Testa dextrorsa, late et profunde umbilicata, orbicularis, sub- conoidalis, earimata, valida, crassa, flavescens, versus apicem rubescens, lineis angustis spiralibus pluribus rufis precipue infra peripheriam ornata, ad carimam zona angusta saturatiore cincta, in umbilico interdum rufescens: anfractus 5 convexiusculi, sublente crescentes, undique minute granulati, lneisque incrementi sculpti, ultimus postice forte carinatus, carina antice plus minus evanescente, haud descendens ; spira paulo elata, ad apicem obtusa; apertura fere horizontalis, alba, linea mediana rufescente dimidiata, late lunata; peristoma maximum, late expansum et reflexum, album, ad marginem pallido-rufo tinctum, in medio ad line finem rufo notatum, margine
1 The Publication Committee greatly regret the description of this species has been forestalled in a manner that calls for special comment and protest. While these sheets were preparing for the press, the holder of the type specimens being on a visit to the United States exhibited examples to a well-known conchologist there, and left one with him. The latter individual at once proceeded to describe and figure the species, although he had been informed that it was Mr. Smith’s intention to do so. It is true that he has adopted the author’s specific name and even added ‘‘Smith MS.’’?; but the right of priority is nevertheless taken from Mr. Smith. Further comment is unnecessary.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
columellari umbilicum versus late dilatato, callo tenui labro juncto. Diam. maj. 62 mm., min. 50; alt. 86. Apertura cum perist. 38 lata, 28 alta. Var.—Testa omnino castaneo-rufa, ad carinam saturate anguste zonata. /7ab.—Annam.
On examining the spire it will be observed that after the formation of the two first whorls, there is a strong mark of arrested growth. On the completion of each succeeding whorl there is a similar mark, possibly indicating a season’s growth. If this surmise be correct, it would take four years for the animal to obtain its full dimensions.
HT, granulifera, Molendorff, from China, has similar sculpture, but is of a different form, has a somewhat stronger keel and a less expanded lip to the aperture.
AMPHIDROMUS COSTIFER.
Testa rimata, ovata, dextrorsa, solida, albida, supra anfract. ultimum purpureo-fusco plus minus strigata vel variegata; anfractus sex convexiusculi, sutura leviter obliqua sejuncti, lineis incrementi (in anfr. ult. rugosis) striati, striis spiralibus obsoletis sculpti, ultimus a tergo varice albo perobliquo valido instructus; apertura late subauri- formis, longit. totius } adeequans, intus albida ; peristoma album, incrassatum, margine dextro leviter reflexo, columellari late dilatato, superne callo albo crasso latissimo labro juncto; columella sub- perpendicularis, leviter contorta: spira conoidea, marginibus convexis. Longit. 47 mm., diam. 24. Apertura intus 21 longa, 133 lata. Hab.—Annam.
Amphidromus costifer, L.sp.
This species is remarkable for its short ovate form, the somewhat rugose lines of growth, and its irregular auriform aperture ; but especially for the varix or former lp on the back of the body-whorl. This apparently indicates a period of arrested growth, probably of the previous year. It occurs in all the specimens as yet known, seven in number, with the exception of one of immature growth. This is in nice fresh condition and shows that the colour of the species is much brighter in the young shells. Beneath the suture the whorls are faintl margined with pale yellow, and, between the varix on the back of the last whorl and the lip, the surface is whitish, the purple-brown markings which occur on the rest of the whorl ceasing at the varix. This species sometimes attains larger dimensions than those given above, the finest specimen having a length of 54 millim.
SMITH : ANNAM LAND-SHELLS. 13
CyctopHorus EuDELt.
Testa turbinata, mediocriter umbilicata, sordide albida, lineis interruptis spiralibus punctatis fuscis picta, prope peripheriam zona angusta nigro-fusca cincta; spira breviter conica, apicem versus Te ecenal : anfractus 54 celeriter crescentes, conveXx1, lineis incrementi tenuissimis obliquis striisque spiralibus minutis confertis sculpti, tres primi haud spiraliter striati, lineisque incrementi magis distantibus, sutura profunda subcanaliculata sejuncti, ultimus rotundatus, inferne pallidior quam supra, circa umbilicum haud lineata vel picta ; apertura mediocriter magna, ferecircularis, alba; peristoma albidum, incrassatum, reflexum, in exemplis peradultis maxime et late incrassatum. Diam. maj. 41 mm., min. 31, alt. 33. Apertura intus 18 longa et lata. Hab.—Annam.
CyYCLOPHORUS CONSOCIATUS.
Testa C. Eudelo similis, sed coloribus saturatioribus picta, spira altiore, anfractu ultimo magis globoso, umbilico angustiore, peristomate rubro, margine columellari reflexo umbilicum semiobtegente. Diam. maj. 39 mm., min. 31, alt. 54. Apertura intus 18 longa et lata.
This species is spirally striated hke C. Hudel:, but is distinguished by its red peristome, narrower umbilicus and darker colouring. The spiral lines are not interrupted but are close together, and being of a dark burnt brown colour give the general appearance of the shell a much darker tone than that of C. Eudeli. The under-surface. of the body- whorl also is more darkly lineated, the infra-peripherial band being much broader. The three apical whorls of both are similarly sculptured with somewhat remote lines of growth, and are destitute of the spiral striz which occur on the rest. The completion of three volutions is marked off by a slight oblique depression, indicating a pause in growth. Two or three similar marks of periodic growth can also be traced at intervals.
C. Pearsoni, Benson, from the Khasi Hills, in some respects resembles this species, but it is less globose and has a more open umbilicus.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
NOTES ON THE GENUS CARINARIA, WITH AN ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES, AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FORM.
By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S. Read May 12th, 1893.
Or the genus Carinaria only two species are at all generally known. These are the large and highly valued C. vitrea, Lam. (Patella cristata, Linn.), and the much commoner Mediterranean species C. Mediterranea, Desh. (= C. Lamarckii, Peron and Lesueur). A third form is figured in the ‘“‘ Thesaurus,” C. Atlantica, Adams and Reeve, but although it is described as not uncommon in the North Atlantic it is but little known, and has probably never been taken since the voyage of the ‘‘Samarang.”’ A mistake has been made in the ‘‘Thesaurus” in giving the name C. Cristata, Linn., for C. Dediter- ranea, stead of for C. vitrea. ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES.
1. Cartnarta cristata, Linn. (Patella). Linneus Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p- 1260.
= Argonauta vitrea, Gmelin. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13, p. 3368.
= Carinaria vitrea, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. p. 99.
This is by far the largest species of the genus. Specimens of the shell come occasionally, but very rarely from Amboina. If the animal bears the same proportion to its shell as does that of C. Lamarchii it must be something like two feet long.
2. Carrarra -Lamarcen, Peron et Lesueur, Ann. du Mus. vol. xv., p.69- plo, fe. 10.
=C. Mediterranea, Sowerby, Recent et Fossil Shells, pl. 279.
=C. cymbium, Woodward, Mem. Moll. p. 200, fig. 105, non Argonauta cymbium Lamarck.
=C. fragilis, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Carinaria, pl. 1, species 1 (non Bory St. Vincent). This is the commonest known species, and is found so far as I know exclusively in the Mediterranean Sea.
3. Carmyarta Artantica, Adams and Reeve, Voyage of the ‘¢Samarang,’”’ Moll. p. 63, pl. 138, fig. 12. The shell of this little species is somewhat like that of C. Lamarckii, but shorter and more curved. The animal is very different ; the body is extremely narrow and cylindrical, whilst the head seems very distinct, and according to the figure looks like that of a walrus, with the short tentacles for tusks.
4. Cartyarra Avstratis, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. de 1|’Astrolabe, vol. u., p. 394, pl. 29, figs. 9-13.
The shell of this species differs very little from that of C. LTamarckii. It is said to be more elongated and less elevated, with the back more curved. The animal seems to differ principally in the form of the swimmer, which is quadrilateral imstead of rounded.
5. CARmNARIA DEPRESSA, Rang, Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie, vol. xii., p. 243.
SOWERBY : CARINARIA. 15
Shell very depressed, with a very narrow keel, which is partly immersed in a deep rut, bordered by a rounded elevation on the left hand side. The nucleus consists of three smooth rounded whorls, situated completely at the posterior extremity of the shell. Speci- mens obtained by Captain Eudel in the Indian Ocean measure from 5 to 10mm. in length and 23 to 6mm. in width. The animal is described as 115mm. in length.
6. Carmyvarra puncrata, D’Orbigny, Voyage Amérique Méridionale, vol. v., p. 160, pl. x1., figs. 6-15.
Shell like that of C. Lamarchit. I have little doubt that the specimen found in the voyage of the ‘‘ Challenger,’’ and mentioned by Mr. E. A. Smith (Report of the Heteropoda, p. 87), belongs to this species, the differences in the animal being only such as may be accounted for by the fact of its being preserved in spirits. The body is covered with little white tubercles and dots. D’Orbigny’s specimen was taken near Juan Fernandez.
7. CaRrnaria crrHara, Benson, Journ. Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. vi., p. 215, 1835.
Carinariadepressa, Carinariacithara, Carinaria galea, Carinaria elata, Rang. Bens. Bens. n.sp.
The shell is very high and pyramidal, slightly inclined in the reverse direction to the ordinary species, so that the keeled side is the shorter. The nucleus, which is much like that of C. Lamarckhii, is situated at the top and very slightly inclined. The keel is rather broad, crossed with nearly straight plice. Height 9-10mm., length at the aperture 6—7mm.
From Benson’s description the animal must somewhat resemble that of C. Atlantica, very narrow and cylindrical, hyaline, without any very apparent asperities on the surface. Benson reports four specimens (two without spire) of this species taken in the Indian Ocean between Lat. S. 4° 30’ and N. 4° 30’, and Long. E. 87° 80’ and W. 90° 30’.
The Rey. A. H. Cooke kindly sent for my inspection the types of this and the following species (now at Cambridge), from which I was able with certainty to identify specimens of the shells which have come into my hands collected by Captain Eudel in the Indian Ocean in 1869-72.
8. Cartnarta Garea, Benson, Journ. Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. vi., p. 215, 1835.
The shell of this species is not quite so high in proportion to the length as the preceding; it is elegantly incurved, and the nucleus is
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
not situated at the summit but curved over on to the posterior side of the shell. The keel is broad and irregularly obliquely plicated.
The animal is described as resembling the preceding, but presenting some differences in the colour of the stomach, mouth, ete. Habitat: same as the preceding. Specimens were taken by the late Captain Eudel in the Indian and West Pacific Oceans in 1869-72.
9. CaRINARIA ELATA, Sowerby, n. sp.
Testa hyalina, recta, elatissima, antice leviter inclinata, com- pressiuscula, regulariter plicata, carina mediocri, plicis subrectis signata. Alt. 16 mm., long. 6 mm., mag. diam. 3 mm.
This shell is even more elevated than C. cithara, which it otherwise resembles. The nuclear whorls are unfortunately wanting in the specimen, but they are evidently situated at the summit of the shell.
Two specimens were taken by Captain Eudel in the Western Pacific in 1871, of which unfortunately the animals have not been preserved, so that I am only able to describe the shell, which, however, is so remarkable in form that it is worthy of a name.
Dovusrrut SPECIEs.
Carinaria fragilis, Bory de St. Vincent, Voy. Quatres iles d’ Afrique, vol. i., p. 142, Atlas pl. vi., fig. 4, 1804.
The description of the shell is so remarkable that one is inclined to doubt its accuracy. Is it possible that some streaks on the animal, or the branchie showing through the shell, may have misled the author ? The shell is described as having striz radiating from the summit, no mention being made of the plicze common to all the known species of the genus; and it is said to have no carina, which of course may have been broken off. The animal as described is very like C. Lamarckit, but it might be C. Australis, which is more likely from its southern habitat.
Carinaria gaudichaudi, Eydoux and Souleyet, €. Cornucopia, Gould.
Having carefully read the descriptions of these by their respective authors, I am fairly satisfied that they are the same as Benson’s C. galea.
SCHARFF : DISTRIBUTION OF GEOMALACUS. Le
NOTE ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF GEOMALACUS MACULOSUS, ALLMAN, IN IRELAND.
By R. F. Scharff, Ph.D., B.Sc. Read June 9th, 1893.
CareruL descriptions of Geomalacus maculosus—one of the most interesting of British terrestrial Invertebrates—have already been published, but as only very few naturalists have seen the species in its native habitat, a few remarks on its peculiar geographical distribution may be of interest.
This slug was first discovered in the autumn of 1842 in county Kerry, by the late Wiliam Andrews, of Dublin, and was exhibited at a meeting of the Dublin Natural History Society—a society which has since ceased to exist.
The only definitely known locality in the British Islands for Geomalacus maculosus has hitherto been the neighbourhood of Lough Caragh about 20 miles from Killarney, but Mr. Andrews is said to have found it also on an islandin Dingle Bay. A fact worthy of mention is that this is also the only spot in Ireland where the Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) has been taken, and careful search in other places has hitherto proved unsuccessful in discovering this Batrachian. In other respects the whole of the south-west corner of Ireland shows a great sameness in the fauna and flora, both of which are decidedly scanty as regards number of species, but the striking Lusitanian affinities of some of the plants led the late Prof. KE. Forbes to the conclusion that a pre-Glacial direct land-connection had existed between Spain and that part of Ireland.t. In spite of the extreme glacialists who hold that there was ice thousands of feet thick on these parts of Ireland, I agree with Prof. Forbes in the belief that the fauna and flora is of pre-Glacial origin and that they survived the last glacial period on this spot where they once flourished. The presence of these relics of a moister and probably warmer time may be better explained and in a manner more in conformity with geolo- gical evidences, by the supposition that they migrated across the south-west corner of England at a period when Ireland was connected with England and the continent of Europe by land, which to some extent may have corresponded with the submarine 100-fathom plateau stretching along the south-western coasts of the British Islands.
A gradual extinction of this Lusitanian Flora is going on at the present day. The groves of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) existing a couple of hundred years ago have dwindled down to a few stunted and wretched specimens which may still be seen near the upper Lake of Killarney, and at Glengariff, whilst other plants, like the Killarney fern (Zrichomanes radicans), are rapidly disappearing. It may be supposed that Geomalacus maculosus, which has only been found in Portugal besides the locality mentioned,’ migrated to Ireland along
1 Mem. Geol. Surv. i. p. 347. 2 It has lately been taken in N.E, France.—Ep.
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
with these plants in pre-Glacial times, and has there maintained itself chiefly owing to the abundance and luxuriousness of the lichens and liverworts which cover the rocks, in the fissures of which the slug remains secluded during dry weather.
In a recent paper on the slugs of Ireland,’ I have drawn attention to the remarkable instance of protective colouring which is seen in Geomalacus maculosus, as it rests among the lichens. Its natural food seems to consist chiefly of these and of liverworts, one of the commonest species of the latter being Frudlania dilatata.
But to return to the actual distribution of the species in Ireland. I have discovered it during the past few years in a number of places which I have indicated by underlining the names of the places on the accompanying map.
T found it south of Valentia Island in the extreme west of Ireland at Darrynane from sea-level up to an elevation of 1000 feet, and still further south at Castletown, Berehaven. At the Tunnel on the Kenmare and Glengariff road it was first discovered by Mr. Scully at a height of 1000 feet above sea-level, while at Glengariff itself it occurs down to the water’s edge, and this is the locality where it may be obtained in quantity within easy reach of one of the ‘most delightful summer resorts in the British Islands.
1 Sci. Trans. R. Dublin Soe. iv. pp. 513-62.
CROUCH : CREPIDULA. 18)
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CREPIDULA FORNICATA IN ESSEX. By Watrer Crovcu, F.Z.S8. Read July 14th, 1893.
On the 6th September, 1891, when collecting at Stone Point, St. Osyth, on the river Colne, I found a broken piece of oyster-shell to which was attached a dead specimen of C. fornicata. This form is common enough on the east coast of North America, but I had never seen any record of its occurrence on our shores. On enquiry I ascer- tained that young American oysters had been laid down to fatten in this locality, and concluded that this non-European shell had been thus introduced. I thought it well, however, to record the fact in the ‘‘ Essex Naturalist,’”? December, 1891.
On the 4th March, 1893, 1 received a small parcel of marine objects from the river Crouch, over 16 miles from the first mentioned locality, taken by one of our trawling companions, John Bacon, whilst engaged in the oyster fishery, on board a Burnham smack; and amongst these was a diving example of this species, which in his letter to me he called ‘‘a crow-oyster on a stone.”
In reply to my request for further information he told me that he had seen these in different parts of the Crouch and Roach rivers, and remembered them for 15 or 20 years; but that they were scarce; and that he had never heard pf any American spat or young oysters being placed in any of these layings.
In April he found two more living specimens on oysters at the ferry layings, Cricksea. One of these he sent to me on the 15th April; it died a few hours after, but I showed the shell with the animal still in it to Mr. Edgar A. Smith the next day. The shell is very concave, and rich in colour inside, the septum being enamel-white.
The soft parts of the other specimen were not preserved, but the shell given to me later on by Mr. E. A. Fitch is much flatter and larger, and the internal colour is more mottled.
All these shells exhibit considerable variability in size, shape, and colouring, but compare with specimens from North America.
The live oysters on which‘these latter specimens were found are not natives, but French oysters laid down when a year old.
[Since the above was read, Mr. H. Wallis Kew has kindly drawn my attention to the (Yorkshire) ‘‘ Naturalist,” 1888, p. 275; wherein Mr. Arthur Smith records the occurrence of dead shells on the beach at Grimsby in 1887-8; and says they are often found adhering to the shells of oysters brought from America, and laid down at Cleethorpe.
This is again mentioned by Mr. Kew in his ‘‘ Shells of the Lincoln- shire Coast,” Nat. 1889, pp. 358-9. ]
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ON THE ANATOMY OF EPHIPPODONTA MACDOUGALLI, TATE.
By M. F. Woopwarp, Demonstrator of Zoology, Royal College of Science, London.
Read July 4th, 1895. PLATE II.
Owr1ne to the kindness of Mr. E. R. Sykes, I have had placed at my disposal a number of specimens of a very interesting lamellibranch, viz. :—Lphippodonta MacDougalli, Tate.
In his original description! the founder of this genus enumerates briefly the leading external characters of the animal and its shell, but
makes no attempt to deal with its detailed anatomy, and further, as one or two points which he describes in its external features are inaccurate, I have thought it worth while to place on record a more detailed account based on the careful dissection of two specimens and on two complete series of transverse sections of decalcified specimens examined microscopically. The largest specimen measured 11mm. long, the smallest 7mm.
The Shell presents one or two interesting features which have not yet been described. One of the most striking may be noticed on holding the valves up to the ight, when it will be seen that their structure is like a lattice-work, being made up of a series of strong radiating costee and of slighter circumferential bands, the interspaces being extremely thin and transparent, so much so that in decalcified sections the shell seems in places to be almost wanting.? The numerous series of conspicuous spines are attached to the costes.
Vertical sections of the dried shell show that it is entirely devoid of periostracum, and also of any prismatic layer, unless the radiating lines (Fig. 18, f. 7.) observable in the spines are to be so interpreted ; these lines have, however, much more the appearance of radiating tubules, especially in the thinner decalcified section, and such I take them to be; they seem moreover to communicate with a central cavity in each spine. The main mass of the shell appears to be made up of lamellae deposited parallel to the surface of the shell and apparently represent- ing the nacreous layer (Fig. 18, 7. /.).
The absence of the periostracum is another point of resemblance, in addition to those enumerated by Tate, between this form and Seintilla.®
The organic basis of the shell is very slight, and in section the shell has the appearance of a series of spines united by a mere strand of conchiolin.
An internal ligament is present as in Galeomma.
1 Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. xi. 1889, p. 63 and xiv. p. 267. 2 It is interesting to note that in Scintil/a the shell may be finely perforated. 3 Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, 1 yal
WOODWARD : EPHIPPODONTA. PH
The Mantle and muscular system.— Ventrally the mantle folds are distinct from one another for about three-quarters of their length, in the posterior fourth they are fused together (Fig. 1, m.’) but separate again at the extreme posterior end of the body. In this way two openings are left between the folds, a small posterior one corresponding to the exhalent siphonal (anal) aperture (Figs. 2, 5, 6, 16, sp.) and a large antero-ventral one representing the pedal, byssal and branchial openings (branchio-pedal aperture).
The anal aperture appears at first sight to be devoid of a siphon, but microscopic examination of transverse sections (Fig. 16, sp.) shows that there is in reality a small rudimentary one present, so small that it is not in all probability protrusible beyond the mantle edge. Its presence is, however, of interest, as we find a single but small siphon present in G‘aleomma.
The margins of the mantle are enormously thickened and muscular and the extreme edge is beset with sensory papille, the inner border is produced inwardly as a strong muscular shelf, which is probably capable of great contraction and with the foot closes the gaping aperture between the valves in the contracted condition (Figs. 8 to 10).
The pallial muscle is well developed, and presents an unbroken line extending in an are from the anterior to the posterior adductor muscle. The adductor muscles (Fig. 5, pa. ad.) are small and incapable of closing the valves; the anterior is slightly the largest; im both a dorsal portion is slightly differentiated from the main mass of the muscle.
The pedal retractors (Figs. 2 and 5, ar. pr.) are well developed, the posterior being the largest. A large protractor pedis ( pp.) is also present.
Perhaps the most striking feature in connection with the mantle is seen in its relation to the shell. Careful microscopic examination of transverse sections of decalcified specimens reveals the fact that a thin layer of the mantle is reflected over the outer sides of the valves, and completely covering them comes into contact and fuses with the body-wall between the two valves in the mid-dorsal line (Figs. 8 to 16, m’). Thus each valve is completely enclosed in a fold of mantle, or in other words the shell has become an internal one.
The fold of the mantle covering the shell consists of a double layer of cells with a thin layer of connective tissue between them. The outer layer is further produced into numerous club-shaped papille, which are in all probability sensory. In some few places the calcified spines appear to pierce and project through this thin covering (Fig. 10). This may very possibly be due to the somewhat rough handling which the specimen has undergone, and, in some cases, to the explosive nature of the decalcifying process, for I find no definite region where the shell is uncovered.
The internal character of the shell is a very interesting feature, since there is only one other Lamellibranch hitherto recorded in which this is the ease, viz.:—Chlamydoconcha, Dall. Dr. Dall states
1 Science, iv. 1884, p. 50-51.
©
bo
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
that ‘‘ Nothing of the sort or in the least approaching it has ever been described’’; but this statement is not quite accurate, since it has long been known both in Galeomma' and Seintilla* that the valves were to a large extent covered by a reflection of the mantle. Both genera further resemble Lphippodonta in the fact that their reflected mantle is beset with a series of papille.
This reflected layer of the mantle is, I believe, concerned in the thickening of the shell, at any rate of the spines that exhibit a series of superficial lamella, which appear to have been recently deposited, and which are quite independent of the regular horizontal lamellee of the shell (Fig. 18).
I do not think that the internal character of the valves in Ephippodonta and Chlamydoconcha is due to any phylogenetic connec- tion between the two, as the other points in their anatomy differ so widely, but rather that this feature has arisen independently in both. On the other hand the partial enclosure of the shells of Galeomma and Seintilla in all probability represents a stage in the evolution of the condition seen in Lphippodonta, since these three genera are un- doubtedly closely related to one another.
The Labial Palps:—Two pairs of labial palps are present as in Galeomma; the outer or anterior pair are small triangular structures, the free angle being roughly 90° (Figs. 2 and 8, lp', Ip”). They are situated on either side of the mouth, their bases being attached between anterior adductor and the pedal protractor, slightly overlapping both. The posterior pair are very small and completely hidden under the larger anterior pair. The anterior free borders of the two mantle folds are slightly inturned (retracted) and developed in such a way as to roughly suggest an anterior pair of palps; these probably form the funnel-like structure that Tate speaks of in the live specimen.
The Mantle cavity :—The branchial (infra-branchial) chamber (Figs. 12 to 15, 6.c.), which is almost filled up in the contracted state by the gills and body, is widely open below for about three-quarters of its length. The posterior fourth of this cavity is closed below by the fusion of the ventral edges of the mantle and ends blindly in two cecal diverticula (Fig. 15, b.c.), which are separated from the supra-branchial chamber by the union of the two outer gill-lamelle and by a horizontal muscular ingrowth of the mantle. During life this cavity must be widely open, so much so that the gills and the body must project freely.
The supra-branchial (anal) chamber (Figs. 12 to 15, sp.b.e.) receives the opening of the rectum, also the paired genital and excretory orifices, it is single behind and communicates with the exterior by the small exhalent siphon; anteriorly the single chamber becomes divided into three by the union of the inner lamella of the outer and the outer lamella of the inner gill (point of origin of the gill) with the body wall. Still further forward we find the middle portion of this cavity becoming again sub-divided by the intervention of the posterior
' Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. v., p. 176, 1869. ? Sur le genre Seinti//a, Par. G. P. Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 171.
WOODWARD : EPHIPPODONTA. 23
portion of the visceral mass. So that we now find four sub-divisions of the supra-branchial chamber. The two innermost ones communi- eate with the branchial chamber by a slit situated between the gill and the posterior portion of the visceral mass (Figs. 12 to 15, sp.b.c.)
The Foot is very large, and Tate describes it as ‘‘ somewhat disc- shaped’ in the contracted state;! however, this is not apparent in my specimens, the most striking feature being its sub-division into three lobes visible both from below and from the side, the anterior or free portion being roughly pointed and tongue-shaped. The two posterior lobes which are more closely united to the body contain the byssal gland; viewed from below (Fig. 1, 6.) they present an elongated groove which widens out in the posterior lobe, and from which the byssus protrudes. Tate makes no mention of this byssal groove, although it is a most conspicuous feature. The byssal gland is well developed and situated in the middle lobe of the foot; the groove, which extends for some depth into the foot and giving off a few irregular diverticula, suddenly divides into two, the two halves curving gracefully outwards and receiving a dorsal series of curved ducts, so that one might roughly compare it with a palm-tree (Figs. 3 and 10, 4.g.). Both Galeomma and Scintilla are byssiferous.
The Respiratory and Circulatory systems:—The gills of Ephippodonta are those of a typical Eulammellibranch, and consist of two pairs of lamelle ; the internal ones extending slightly in front of the external ones (Figs. 4 and 5, g! and g’), which latter overlap the former behind and fuse with one another in the middle line in this region. In the contracted state (Figs. 11 and 12) each lamella is bent so that its free edge forms an angle with the main portion, the flexure tending towards the median line.
The histology of the gill flamer is not easy to make out, as the latter are very much caked together, but it does not appear to differ in any way from that of the more typical forms (Fig. 17).
The heart is small and difficult to make out; it consists of a pair of auricles and a small muscular ventricle, the latter being perforated by the rectum (Fig. 12, v.aw.). The further details of the blood vessels and other circulatory organs I have been unable to determine with any precision. The pericardium (.p.) is large and surrounds the heart and rectum. The kidneys (Fig. 13, #4.) are situated just dorsal to the visceral (olfactory ? or parieto-splanchnic) ganglia, and appear to be perforated by the posterior pedal retractors. They consist of well marked coiled tubular, glandular segments, and large receptive bladders which communicate with one another across the middle line and with the supra-branchial chamber on either side of the body close to the opening of the genital ducts; the reno-pericardial aperture I have not seen.
The Genital Glands.—The sexes are distinct, but I have only examined males, as all four of my specimens belonged to that sex. The testes are diffuse, tubular glands extending forwards as far as the stomach, and ramnifying amongst the intestines and liver and back to the kidneys
1 In his second paper Tate corrects this error.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
(Figs. 10 to 12, ¢.), in the region of which they open into the supra- branchial chamber by well marked ciliated ducts. The animals were evidently killed just about the breeding season, as they are full of ripe spermatozoa, some of which had been discharged from the duct. Besides the ripe spermatozoa the tubules are full of yellowish globules, which are probably nutritive in function and correspond with the oil globules met with in the testes of other animals.
The Alimentary Canal.—The mouth (Figs. 6 and 8, mo.) opens between the four labial palps, the union of the two anterior and two posterior palps forming a kind of upper and lower lip; passing from the mouth is a well marked ciliated esophagus, which in turn communicates with a large stomach (Figs. 6 and 10, s#.). The digestive gland (Figs. 2, 5 and 9, 7.) opens into the stomach through two large bile ducts (right and left); this gland is a very large one, and, besides ramifying round the cesophagus and stomach, extends back for a considerable distance amongst the coils of the intestine. The posterior portion of the stomach is elongated horizontally (Fig 10, s¢.), and the cilia reappear on its lining cells and indeed become extremely long on the ventral surface ; they were wanting in its anterior region owing to the presence of a thick protective secretion which covers the cells and projects freely into the cavity (this is the ‘fléche tricuspid’ of Poli). From the postero-ventral region of the stomach two tubes arise ; the larger (Figs. 6, 10 and 11, er.) on the left is a conspicuously ciliated tube, it runs downwards and backwards keeping close to the surface of the body and finally ends blindly close to the foot; this caecum from its position obviously represents the erystalline-style sac, but in the specimens examined it contained no secretion. The second opening out of the stomach is on the right side and is much smaller; it leads into a tube which, owing to the fact that in the specimen before us it is empty, is of small calibre, although im some specimens it was enormously distended ; this is the first coil of the intestine (Figs. 6 and 10, 7.). The intestine, which is situated entirely on the right side of the body, is only of moderate length and very simple; it runs obliquely downwards and backwards, and, after making a slight twist or two, turns sharply forwards and ascends to near the hinge, where it again bends abruptly backwards and runs to the anus as the rectum, which is distinctly muscular and contracted and consequently appears of small size.
The Nervous System (Fig. 6) is very prominent, the cerebral, pedal and visceral (parieto-splanchnic) gangha being all of very large size; these ganglia and their commissures have the typical relations as exemplified in Anodon. A pair of minute otocysts (statocysts, Fig. 7) were present on the upper side of either pedal ganglion; each con-
tained a single large round otolith, and only occupied one section of about +45 mm. in thickness. These were the only undoubted sense organs that I was able to identify.
All the above facts which I have pointed out tend to confirm Prof. Tate’s statement as to the affinities of this genus with Galeomma and Scintilla, and if we further compare his description of the method of progression of this form with that of Galeomma, we shall see that in
4
j an Ne bg + 7
Proc. Matac. Soc. : Vola. Sele
M. F, Woodward: del ad nat.
THE ANATOMY OF FPHIPPODONTA.
WOODWARD : EPHIPPODONTA. 25
spite of the fact that Zphippodonta is commensual, living as it does in the underground burrow of a prawn, it has undergone little or no change of form or structure to better fit itself for that life. The main differences are that its valves have become quite covered by the mantle, and are still more gaping than in Galeomma, and that it possesses no eye spots on the margin of its mantle.
Prof. Tate’s description of the method of progression of Hphippo- donta is as follows :—
‘“The animal of both species of Ephippodonta has the creeping habit of Galeomma; the valves are flexible and spread out flat when the animal is in motion; indeed while im life, the valves cannot be brought to a less angle of divergence than about 70°.”
Fischer states of Galeomma that the animal can attach itself to rocks by means of its byssus, but it also moves with great rapidity and carries its two valves completely spread out in the form of a disc. ?
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE II.
The figures were drawn from four specimens, viz. :—two dissections and two series of transverse sections. All the latter were taken in serial order from the posterior to the anterior end of the animal, and the drawings represent the posterior faces of the sections. Figures 3 and 7-18 were drawn with the aid of an Abbé camera lucida.
ABBREVIATIONS. a. anus. m”. fused mantle fold. a.a. anterior adductor muscle, mo. mouth. ar anterior retractor pedis. n. nerves. au left auricle. n.l. nacreous layer. b. byssal groove. 0. cesophagus, be. branchial chamber. ot. otocyst. b.d. _ bile duct. Pp pericardium. b.g. _ byssal gland. pa posterior adductor muscle. c.g. cerebral ganglion. p-g- pedal ganglion. cr. erystalline-style sac. p-p- protractor pedis. f. foot. p-t posterior retractor pedis, dali fibrous layer. r rectum. g!, g*. outer and inner gill. 8. shell. h. heart. sp. siphon. Te intestine. sp. b.c. suprabranchial chamber. k. kidney. st. stomach. IIe liver. t. testis. Ip!,lp?. outer and inner labial palp. v. ventricle. m. free mantle fold. v.g. visceral ganglion. ml, reflected portion of mantle.
Fic. 1.—Ventral aspect of the animal. «x 3. ,, 2.—Animal with the right mantle lobe and gills removed. x 3. », 98.—Tranverse section of the foot and byssal gland. x 20, », 4.—Foot and gills of the left side seen from below. x 3. », 9.—Animal with the right mantle lobe removed. x 3.
1 Thyreopsis coralliophila (Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 14) and Libratula (Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 512) both resemble Hphippodonta and Galeomma in the method of carrying their shells when crawling ; the former presents a further resemblance in the form of the valves.
Fig.
”?
+}
be]
9 9
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
6.—Dissection of the alimentary canal and nervous system, the relative position of the erystalline-style sac on the left side of the body is dotted in. x 3. 7.—Section through the fused pedal ganglia, showing the 2 sessile otocysts (statocysts). x 60. 8-16.—Transyerse section through different regions of the body. All magnified 18 diameters. 8.—Through the mouth. 9.—Through the brain. 10.—Through the posterior part of the stomach, showing the erystalline-style sac on the left hand side and the origin of the intestine on the right. 11.—Through the posterior region of the body of a larger specimen. 12.—Through the heart. 13.—Through the visceral ganglia and kidneys. 14.—Through the posterior adductor muscle. 15.—Through the anus. 16.—Through the anal siphon. 17.—Two of the gill filaments in section. x 90. 18.—A vertical section of the dried shell passing through two spines. Also a tranverse section of one spine to show the absence of the prismatic layer.
SOWERBY: NEW CANCELLARIA. ya |
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CANCELLARIA FROM PENANG.
By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., &e. Read July 14th, 1893.
Cancettarta Evprert:—Testa angustissime et obtecte umbilicata, elongato-turrita, scalariformis, albida, dilute luteo-fusco tincta et lineata; spira elongata, acuta; anfractus 7, embryonales 13 lcves, rotundati, sequentes acute angulati, costis validis elevatis ad angulum acutis muniti, supra angulum planulati, infra angulum leviter convexi, undique striis subtilissimis cancellati; anfr. ultimus spiram paulo brevior, infra medium carina angusta instructus; columella biplicata, plicis parvis, obliquis; apertura subtrigona, fauce alba, haud lirata. Long. 20, diam. maj. 9mm. Hab.—Penang.
An elegant scalariform shell, with a long turreted spire, and sharply angled whorls. The area between the angle and the suture is broad and flattened, asin C. contabulata, gontostonia and others of the group. The longitudinal ribs are much lke those of several others among the costate species. The surface of the shell is very finely cancellated by longitudinal and spiral strizw, the spirals becoming a little stronger as they cross the ribs. Below the periphery of the body whorl there is a distinct keel, such as is common to some species of the genus Scalaria. notably the European S. pseudoscalaris. Gineclianin
There is only one species which seems to bear anything udeli, n.sp.
like a close resemblance to C. Hudeli, viz., C. Angast, Crosse.!. With this species I am unacquainted, excepting from the figure and description of the single specimen in the collection of Mr. Thomas of Brest: its habitat is unknown. Compared with this (as far as I can make out without an examination of the specimen) C. Kudeli is one-fourth larger, has a proportionately longer and sharper spire, and the area between the angle and the suture is flatter, and not sloping, giving altogether a considerable difference to the outline and general contour of the shell.
This species may fairly be placed in the section to which Dr. Jousseaume* has given the generic name Scalptia, but that author has proposed to found another genus (Zribia) upon C. Angasi, chiefly, if not solely, upon the ground of its being imperforate, which I do not consider sufficient reason for the creation of a section, much less of agenus. My species has an extremely narrow umbilicus, almost entirely covered, but as apparent as in some specimens of C. costifera and C. crenifera which latter species Dr. Jousseaume includes in his genus Sealptia.
1 « Journal de Conchyliologie,” 1863, p. 64, pl. 11, fig. 8.
2 “Te Naturalist,’’ Paris, ann. ix., 1888, p. 213.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ON THE CLAUSILIZ OF SUMATRA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES AND A NEW VARIETY.
By E. R. Syxus, F.Z.S. Read July 14th, 1893.
Ar present there are, I believe, only four species of Clausilia described from Sumatra. I am now able to add two more. Doubtless, when this large island is more thoroughly explored, and the vast mountain ranges of Barisan, with the islands to the south, have been searched, many others will be discovered.
The species already described are as follows :—
C. Sumatrana, vy. Mts., with the vars. attenuata v. Mts., brevior
Mts.
. Execurrens, v. Mts.
C. Obesa, v. Mts., with the var. gracilior v. Mts.
C. Alticola, v. Mts.
The species which I propose to add are the following :—
CLAUSILIA HNIGMATICA, N. Sp.
Testa elongate fusiformis, solidula, striatula, olivaceo-fusca, ad suturam pallidior; anfr. 10 convexiusculi, sutura simplice; apertura auriformis; intus fusco-cornea, peristomate reflexo, crassulo, albo, undique soluto; lamella superior valida, ad marginem attingens, lamella inferior et lamella subcolumellaris subparallelz, debiliores, fere ad marginem attingentes; plice palatales 4 extus conspicue, suprema (principalis) elongata, secunda et quarta squales, minores, tertia minima. Alt. 253 mm.; lat. antepen. 6, pen. 4; alt. apert. 6} lat. 42 mm. Hab. Sawahs and Hoodjoeng, Sumatra.
Clausilia enigmatica, 0.sp.
C. anigmatica is mm form half-way between C. obesa and the var. gracilior ; it is slightly larger than either. The penultimate whorl is not so broad as the antepenultimate whorl in C. enigmatica, while the converse is the case in C. obesa. The mouth is larger and more rounded in C. enigmatica. The plice palatales are, judging from Von Marten’s figure of C. obesa var. gracilior' differently proportioned,
1M. Weber: Zool. Ergebn. Reise Niederland. Ind. ii. 1891, p. 244, tab, xiv., figs. 15-18.
SYKES + SUMATRAN CLAUSILIA. 29
since in this case the third is the smallest and the second and fourth of equal size, while in C. obesa they diminish gradually. I have never seen C. obesa, and the single type specimen is in the Leyden museum. The type of C. @nigmatica is in the British Museum.
Crausitia MeEtvrcir, n. sp.
Testa fusiformis, solidula, levissime striatula, fuscescens, ad suturam pallidior; anfr. 83, convexiusculi, sutura simplice, apertura ovata, peristomate reflexo, crassulo, albo, undique soluto; lamella superior valida, ad marginem attingens, lamella inferior et lamella subcolumellaris debiliores, convergentes, fere ad marginem attin- gentes; plice palatales 3 longe, suprema (principalis) maxima. Alt. 22 mm.; lat. antepen. 6, pen. 54 mm.; alt. apert. 6, lat. 44mm. Hab.—‘ A few miles north of Point Lampong, 8. Sumatra.’
Clausilia Melvilli, n.sp.
This shell was given to me by Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, for whom it was collected by the late Mr. E. C. Buxton about 1878-4. I sent the specimen to Dr. Boettger and he returned it with the following note : “Differt a Cl. obesa vy. Mts. anfr. solum 81, penultimo ventrosiore quam antepenultimo, apert. ovata, lamellis extrorsum convergentibus, plicis principali et palatalibus 3 longis, nec 4.’? No other species but C. obesa seems to come near it. It is not unlikely that this is the shell referred to by von Martens (Preuss. Exped. N. O. Asien, Zool. Thl. i., p. 384). The type is in my collection.
Clausilia Sumatrana vy. Mts. var. vicaria n. var.
“Differt a OC. (Pseudonenia) Sumatrana v. Mts. typica, testa minore, magis nitida, anfr. 91-104, apertura pro altitudine teste minore, lamella subcolumellari et oblique intuenti inconspicua, plicis palatalbus (veris) prima, secunda, tertia modicis, subequalibus, quarta et, si adest, quinta minimis. Alt. 18-20, diam 43-43 mm.; alt. apert. 5, lat. apert. 31-33 mm. (2 specimina)” (Boettger).
Clausilia Sumatrana, v. Mts., var. vicaria, n.v.
Dr. Boettger inclines at present to consider this shell only a variety
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
of C. Sumatrana, and therefore I do not describe it as distinct. The dimensions of the specimen figured (which is in my collection) are as follows :—alt. 174, diam. 4 mm.; alt. apert. 43, lat. apert. 8 mm.
There are four boxes of shells in the British Museum of this variety ; one from Paio, one from Kepahiang, and the others labelled only ‘‘Sumatra’’; one set come from C. Bock and are part of the collection described by him.* They vary in colour, from very dusky, through an intermediate light brown, up to an albino specimen, collected by Bock. They also vary considerably in the colour of the inside of the mouth and in the relative proportions of length and breadth of shell.
The Sumatran species fall into two groups :—(a@) lamella sub- columellaris emersa; C. obesa, enigmatica, Melvilli. (6) lamella sub- columellaris immersa; C. Sumatrana, exeurrens, alticola.
Divided by the plicee palatales they are :—having 5-6 plice, C. Sumatrana (occasionally in the var. vicaria only 4) ; having 4 plice, C. obesa, alticola, enigmatica; haying 3 plice, C. Melvilli ; havi ing a lunella, C. exewrrens ; of those having 4 plicee the plica principalis i is large in all.
In C. obesa they diminish as you descend but never become very small; in C. alticola they diminish in the same way and the lowest become punctiform ; while in C. enigmatica the second and fourth are of equal size and larger than the third.
The chief references are :-—
Von Martens. Monatsberichte K. Preuss, Akad. 1864, pp. 270 and 527.
a Preuss. Exped. N.O. Asien, Zool. Thi. Bd. ii. 1867. ie in M. Weber: Zool. Ergebn. Reise Niederland. Ind. ii, 1891, pp. 209-63.
I have to return many thanks to Dr. Boettger for kind suggestions and help.
1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, pp. 628-35.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 31
ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, Novemser 107, 1893. E. A. Smirn, F.Z.S., ete., Vice-President, in the Chair.
The following were elected Members of the Society:—D. D. Baldwin, Dr. O. Boettger, Prof. Spiridon Brusina, J. E. Cooper, J. C. H. Crosse, W. H. Dall, and Rev. Prof. H. M. Gwathin.
The following papers were read :— “
1. ‘Descriptions of twelve new species of Shells, chiefly from Mauritius,” by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., ete.
2. “On a specimen of Xenophora pallidula, Reeve, from the Indian Ocean, with attachments of several species of Plewrotomide, including a new form,” by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., etc.
3. “On three new species of Shells from the Indian Ocean,” by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., ete.
4. ‘Note on the possibility of the acclimatization of Crepidula fornicata in the British seas,” by B. Sturges Dodd, communicated by the Secretary.
[ ABSTRACT. |
The author stated that in February, 1887, two barrels of American oysters were received by a firm in New Basford. Amongst the débris, or attached to shells of the oysters, were several dozen examples of Crepidula and Anomia, and in a few instances he found that the animal was still alive. Seeing that oysters from America are relaid in the beds at Cleethorpe and elsewhere, Mr. Dodd did not consider it would be a matter of surprise if species common on the east coast.of North America should become acclimatized.
5. “On the alteration of the generic name Clausilia,” by G. F. Harris, F.G.S.
(ABSTRACT. ]
In 1778 Da Costa (Hist. Nat. Test. Brit. p. 107) employed the name Strombiformis to designate certain land and marine mollusca, his first species, and therefore the type of the genus, being 7’urbo perversus, Linn. (Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1240, No. 650).
In 1805 Draparnaud (Hist. Nat. Moll. Terr. and Fluv. pp. 24, 29 and 68) described a genus, Clausilia, his type being Helix bidens, Miiller (Hist. Verm. pt. 2, p. 116).
Now it appears that these two types belong to one and the same genus, and that, therefore, the name Strombiformis must by the law of priority be adopted instead of Clausilia.
6. ‘ Notes on the British Chitons,” by E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S.
Mr. G. B. Sowerby exhibited specimens in illustration of his papers ; also a group of Ostrea cochlear (a well-known Mediterranean species)
VOL. I.—MARCH, 1894. 3
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
attached to an Antipathes from Japan; and a living example of Helix Howardi from South Australia.
Mr. Wallis Kew exhibited dead shells of Crepidula fornicata col- lected by Mr. A. Smith, of Grimsby, on the beach near that town.
The Secretary, on behalf of Mr. Sturges Dodd, exhibited specimens of Anomia, Crepidula, and Barbatia, which came over alive with American oysters.
Mr. 8. Pace exhibited specimens of the shell and egg-capsules of Nassa incrassata from Ringstead, Dorset.
Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited specimens of Planorbis corneus, from which the upper halves of the whorls were absent, and which were found dead, but fresh, at the roots of rushes in ponds near Weybridge.
Mr. G. K. Gude exhibited specimens of Helix nemoralis, with six and eight bands, from Worcestershire and Acton.
Mr. W. Moss exhibited photographs of the shell of Cylindrella Trinitaria, and of the radule of Gibbula cineraria, Ampullaria Wesley- ensis, Fissurella reticulata, Glandina algira, and Nerita Ascensionis.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Froay, Drecemper 81H, 1893. Dr. Henry Woopwarp, F.R.S., ete., President, in the Chair.
The following were elected Members of the Society :—Col. C. E. Beddome, W. 'T. Bednall, G. Berthelin, F. B. Billinghurst, A. Bonnet, John Brazier, Henry Burnup, J. D. Butterell, R. Cairns, J. G. Chaplin, Dr. J. C. Cox, J. Crawford, B. Sturges Dodd, John Farquhar, Miss A. C. 8. Foster, Arnold V. Henn, F. W. Hutton, H. K. Jordan, Dr. W. Kobelt, Miss M. Lodder, Dr. E. von Martens, Marquis A. de Monterosato, R. Murdoch, G. B. Pritchard, J. F. Quekett, J. R. Ragsdale, E. C. Stump, Rev. G@. W. Taylor, J. W. Taylor, J. H. Vanstone, Mrs. Waterhouse, and C. A. Wright.
The following papers were read :—
1. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Hngina from the Loyalty Islands,” by J. C. Melvill, F.L.S., ete.
2. ‘‘ Descriptions of new shells from the Mauritius,” by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., ete.
3. ‘The Myology of some Pulmonate Mollusca considered as a distinctive feature in the discrimination of genera, etc,” by W. E. Collinge.
4. ‘Descriptions of two new Land-shells from Tenerife,” by J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S., and E. R. Sykes, F.Z.8.
5. ‘Remarks on the suggested alteration of the generic name Clausilia,” by E. R. Sykes, F.Z.8.; with a reply by G. F. Harris, F.G.S.
[ ABSTRACT. |
Mr. Sykes, in reply to the paper read by Mr. Harris at the previous meeting, contended that Da Costa’s first reference to such a group as his Strombiformis was in 1776 (“Elements of Conchology,” p. 198, etc.),
ORDINARY: MEETING: 8 DEC. 1893. oo
his first cited “species” being a Twrritella. In 1778 Da Costa (following the plan adopted throughout his work) placed the terrestrial forms first, so that the first “species” which he then described was his S. perversus. Whilst his figure was manifestly that of a Clausilia, his synonymy showed that he included forms now referred to more than one species of Clausilia, and to Balea; hence there was nothing to show clearly what his type species really was. The marine species associated under the same genus included examples of the genera 7'urritella and Scalaria. If, therefore, Strombi- formis were to be revived at all it must be in place of Turritella and not of Clausilia.
Mr. Harris responded that Da Costa’s earlier work was not binomial and the word “ Strombiformis ” was not then employed, but the phrase “ Cochleze Strombiformes.” He acknowledged that Z'urbo perversus, Linn., was a Balea, but maintained that an error of synonymy on Da Costa’s part did not invalidate his species. Da Costa evidently described a Clausilia ; and if objection were taken to the adjectival form of the name it might be emended, he suggested, to Strombiformia.
[Norz.—Da Costa’s later work is not strictly binomial throughout, and on that account his names have not been accepted by many conchologists.—Ep. ]
Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby exhibited the types of all the mollusca described by them from South Africa, except that of Pupa haploa (unfortunately destroyed). Mr. J. C. Melvill also exhibited the type of the Angina described in his paper, and photo- graphs of the radule of Hngina mendicaria and FE. lauta.
Mr. W. Moss exhibited full-grown, immature, spirit, and dissected specimens of Bulimus oblongus from Trinidad, with its eggs; also a specimen of Streptaxis deformis showing the young within the parent shell.
Mr. Da Costa exhibited Orthalicus labeo; O. Yatesi, var.; O. Saltert (type), and O. Adamsoni, from Peru; O. Adamsoni, var. ; 0. Powisianus, var.; O. tris, and a new species; as well as Clausila magistra and C. epistomium, from Bogota.
Mr. G. B. Sowerby exhibited and made a few remarks on a specimen of Megasella (sp. ?); he also exhibited the types of four of the species described in his paper.
Mr. J. E. Harting exhibited and remarked upon specimens of Planorbis corneus from Weybridge, similar to those shown at the previous meeting.
Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited the types of the two new species from Tenerife, with Pupa cylindracea from the same locality.
ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, JANUARY 12TH, 1894. Dr. H. Woopwarp, F.R.S., etc., President, in the Chair. The following were elected Members of the Society :—Dr. A. Brot, Mons. Caziot, A. E. Craven, Langley Kitching, E. H. Matthews, Rev. A. Milnes, B. Schmacker, Miss Skeet, Henry Suter, Mrs. Henry
Woodward. Messrs. W. Crouch and H. Groves were appointed Auditors.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The following papers were read :—
1. ‘‘ Descriptions of three new species of Ampullaria,” by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S.
2. ‘Note on Voluta Bednalli,” Brazier, by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S.
3. On some new species of Marine Shells from New Zealand and Australia,” by E. A. Smith, F.Z.S.
4. “On anew Helix from the Khasi Hills,” by John H. Ponsonby, we
5. “On the discovery of a Pteropod in British Eocene Strata ; with the ee of a new species,” by G. F. Harris, F.G.S.
6. “A Revision of the British Eocene Scaphopoda ; with the descriptions of some new species,” by R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S., and G. F. Harris, F.G.S.
7. ‘Descriptions of some new or little known Shells of Pulmonate Mollusca from the Oligocene and Kocene formations of England,” by R. B. Newton, F.G.8., and G. F. Harris, F.G.S.
Dr. H. Woodward exhibited a cast of Pleurotomaria Adansoniana. °
Mr. H. Fulton exhibited a specimen of Pleurotomaria Beyrichi from Japan.
Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited specimens of a supposed new species of Rachis from East Central Africa.
Mr. G. B. Sowerby exhibited a specimen of Meleagrina margaritifera bearing a large coral, from the Torres Straits; a specimen of Teredo Jragilis (in spirits) from South Australia; and the types of two of the new species described in his paper.
Mr. W. Crouch exhibited specimens of Voluta aulica and V. pulchra.
Mr. J. Ponsonby exhibited the type of the new species described in his paper.
Mr. 8. Pace exhibited a non-calcified specimen of Helix hortensis from Barnes Common.
35
NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHITONS.
By E. R. Syxus, F.Z.S., ete. Read November 10th, 1893. PLATE III.
Tuts group has always afforded much difficulty to the student on account of the external similarity of species which when disarticulated are found to belong to different genera. I have therefore brought together figures of the head, tail, and median valves of all the British species so as to show the diverse characters of the insertion plates. These figures are drawn from actual specimens, except in the case of Hanleya Hanleyi, Bean. The classification is, in general, that of Pilsbry,' and may appear rather startling to those who are in the habit of using the old genus Chiton for every molluse with eight valves. This old genus, however, like Zurbo and others, must be spt up in the light of our advancing knowledge. How strongly habits cling may be seen from a very recent paper by an English writer, who—speaking of other genera—states: ‘‘ Such fundamental changes are the despair of naturalists, and if followed would necessitate every collection in the kingdom being periodically pulled to pieces and reorganised.” This gentleman’s view appears to be that conchology was created for the benefit of his collection and not that his collection should be a means of advancing our knowledge of the mollusca.
Lepidopleurus cancellatus, Sow., 1839. Pl. III. Fig. 3.
Mr. Pilsbry suggests? that it may be identical with Chiton Islandicus, Gmelin. I cannot accept this identification; Gmelin’s description is very vague, and does not point more to this species than to any other of the group.
Lepidopleurus scabridus, Jeffreys, 1880. Pl. III. Figs.4and7. This recently described species appears to have been overlooked by Pilsbry; it has not, so far as I know, been figured before.
Lepidopleurus onyx, Spengler, 1797. Pl. IIL. Fig. 2. I believe this to be the correct name of the species generally known as Chiton asellus, Spengler; it was considered by Jeffreys and others to be C. cinereus, L. I prefer, however, to follow Hanley,* and use the name of C. cinereus, L., for the species commonly called in England C. marginatus, Jeffreys, et auct. Morch® has pointed out that C. onyx was ‘‘a worn asellus.” What he overlooked, however, was that
Tryon’s ‘‘ Manual of Conchology,”’ ser. i. vol. xiv. (1892-93), Tbid. p. 4. ‘ Syst. Nat. vi. p. 3206.
Ipsa Linnei Conchylia, p. 17.
Mal. Blatt, xvi. p. 113.
ao f8®# WN =
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
C. onyx was described four pages earlier in the same paper! as C. asellus. There is, it is true, a description of C. asel/us in Martini and Chemnitz, vol. vill. (1785), but these authors were not at this date binomial, and therefore the name must stand or fall by Spengler’s description, which is subsequent to that of onyx. Jeffreys suggested that C. onyx was the same as C. Rissoi, Payr., but the one was de- scribed from Norway while the other is a Mediterranean species. He recorded C. 2issov from the west of Scotland, and this I think must have been an error. I have had specimens sent me under this name from the Channel Islands, but they only proved to be C. onyx (=asellus).
Hanleya Hanleyi, Bean, 1844. Pl. III. Fig. 1. Gray in 1857 altered the name to Chiton debilis, on the ground, I presume, of a British Association rule which then existed, but which has now been abandoned,
Tonicella marmorea, Fabr., 1780. Pl. III. Fig. 9. Pilsbry, in his synonymy of this species, gives ‘‘punctatus, Strom. (fide Jeffreys), Acta Nidr. ii. p. 483.” After much difficulty I found that Acta Nidr. (= Acta Nidrosia) is a misleading abbreviation, apparently invented by Agassiz in his ‘ Bibliographia Zoologie’ for ‘ Det Tronthiemske Selkskabs Skrifter.”’ The reference should also be to p. 484, not p. 433. On turning to the work we find that it is only punctatus, Linn., and since that is stated by Hanley to be undeterminable it need not trouble us.
Tonicella ruber, Linn., 1767. Pl. III. Fig. 12. I am unable to follow Mr. Pilsbry in placing this species in Zrachydermon. The striz radiating from the notches in the insertion plates become in this and the last species rows of punctures. This feature appears in all the species of Zonicella which I have been able to examine, while I cannot find it in any Zrachydermon. Prof. Sars created a section, oreochiton (1878), to contain B. ruber and B. marmoreus. It might be convenient to use this term as a section of Zonicella for 7. ruber, which, though it is nearer to the latter than to Zrachydermon, shows some of the characters of both.*
Callochiton levis, Montagu, 1808. Pl. IIT. Fig. 8.
Zrachydermon cinereus, Linn., 1767. Pl. Ill. Fig. 11. See notes under Lepidopleurus onyx.
Trachydermon albus, Linn., 1767. Pl. III. Fig. 10.
Acanthochites fascieularis, Linn., 1767. Pl. ILI. Fig. 5.
Acanthochites discrepans, Brown, 1845. Pl. III. Fig. 6. Despite Brown’s deceptive figure and incorrect locality I think he intended this species as we know it.
1 Skriv. Nat. Selsk. iv. (see pp. 95, 99).
* Since this paper was written and read Pilsbry has published another part of the Manual (vol. xv. pt. 1), and in this he raises Zrachydermon from a sub-genus to a genus, and Loreochiton from a synonym to a section of Zrachydermon. He also eliminates marmoreus trom Boreochiton and places it in Zonicella; placing in Boreo- chilon only ruber, puniceus, and Steinenii.
Proc. Marac. Soc. Vol. I. Pl. U1,
>
= =
S———
BRITISH CHITONS.
SYKES: BRITISH CHITONS. 37
The following key may help to distinguish the species :-—
- Insertion-plates: none. Lepidopleurus cancellatus, lateral areas raised. onyx, a5 », not raised. scabridus, foot claret-colour. Insertion-plates in head valve only and unslit. Hanleya Hanley. Insertion-plates in all valves and slit. Tonicella marmorea, girdle smooth. ruber, », nearly smooth. Callochiton levis, », diamond-patterned and plates connected across the sinus. Trachydermon cinereus, girdle scaly and gills nearly to head.
——— albus, 3 3 median. Acanthochites fascicularis, ,, with tufts of spines, granules on shell oval. discrepans, =A Br Prt 33 round.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
a, anterior or head valve; b, central or median valve; ¢, posterior or tail valve.
Fig. 1.—Hanleya Hanleyi. », 2.—Lepidopleurus onyx. », 93.—Lepidopleurus cancellatus. », 4.—Lepidopleurus scabridus. », 0.—Acanthochites fascicularis. ,, 6.—Acanthochites discrepans. », 7.—Lepidopleurus scabridus. », 8-—Callochiton levis. », 9.—Tonicella marmorea. », 10.—Trachydermon albus. ,, 11.—Trachydermon cinereus. ,, 12.—Tonicella ruber.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ON A SPECIMEN OF XENOPHORA PALLIDULA, REEVE, TAKEN OFF PORT BLAIR (ANDAMANS) AT A DEPTH OF 188 FATHOMS, WITH ATTACHMENTS OF PLEUROTOMIDZA, INCLUDING A NEW FORM.
By G. B. Sowzrsy, F.L.S., etc. Read November 10th, 1893.
Tuts species of Xenophora is well known and tolerably abundant in Japanese waters, and it is curious to find it so far out of its habitual latitude as the Andaman Islands: it is further curious to note that all the Plewrotomide (with the exception of the one I am about to describe) are slightly modified forms of species found in the China Sea.
The upper whorls carry only stones, then come a few fragments of unrecognizable bivalves, then three fragments of Dentalium, after which are the Plewrotomide in the following order attached to the margins of the two last whorls.
1. Pleurotoma (Genota) atractordes, Watson. Species taken in the voyage of the ‘‘ Challenger”’ off the Philippine Islands.
2. Pleurotoma (Surcula) fusca, Homb. and Jacq., four shells in a row, rather more angular than the typical form. The species is known in the China Sea, and has also been found in Japan.
3. A new species, described hereafter.
4. Pleurotoma (Dritlia) sinensis, Hinds. Rather narrower than the typical form. Species found in the China Sea.
5. Pleurotoma (Surcula) Kienert, Doumet (=P. carinata, Reeve, non Gray). Three shells, one in almost perfect condition. This form is shorter, with a more convex spire, and has the space between the two principal rows of nodules narrower than in the Chinese type, which it resembles in every other respect. Between two of the P. Aveneri there is a second specimen of the ‘‘Challenger”’ species, P. actractoides.
Prevrotoma (CLATHURELLA?) RUGIDENTATA, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 11.
Testa fusiformis, breviuscula, solidula, rugosa; spira acuminata, acuta; anfractus 8, superne concavi, infra medium convexe rotundati, costis brevibus instructi; anfractus ultimus elongatus, superne leyiter concavus, deinde convexus, infra medium leviter contractus, basin versus attenuatus ; undique longitudinaliter plicatus, liris tuberculatis spiraliter sculptus; apertura mediocriter lata; columella rectiuscula, — plicis crassus tuberculiformibus munita; labrum crassum, intus pli- catum, sinu late expanso emarginato. Long. 19, maj. diam. 7°5 mm.
Of course the shell is a dead one, being partially embedded in the shell of the Xenophora; it is, however, in a fair state of preserva- tion as to form and sculpture, but any colour it may have had is wanting.
39
ON THREE NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS FROM DEEP-SEA DREDGINGS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN.
By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., ete. Read November 10th, 1893.
VERTICORDIA oOpTIMA, n.sp. Pl. V. Fig. 3.
Testa sub-ovalis, inflata, eequivalvis, imeequilateralis, alba, minu- tissime granulosa, radiatim multilirata, liris eximie squamo-spinosis. Margo dorsi anticus prope umbones leviter incurvus, deinde arcuatus, posticus oblique rectiusculus. Margo ventralis rotunde arcuatus. Latus posticus obtuse biangulatus. Umbones prominentes, antice leviter incurvati, ad apicem acutiusculi, aliquanto ante medium siti. Lunula excayata, longiuscula. Dens cardinalis valve dextre prominens, mediocriter magnus, crassus acutiusculus, leviter curvatus. Fossa ligamenti obliqua, breviuscula, mediocriter lata. Lamina postica longiuscula paulo elevata. Lamina cardinalis valve sinistree promi- nens, arcuata. Pagina interna argentea obsolete radiatim substriata, ad marginem crenulata. Umbono-marg. 29, antero-post. 35 mm. Hab.—Indian Ocean, off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 188 fathoms.
The genus Verticordia is to be seen in but few collections of recent shells. Ten have been described as species, but of these some are synonyms: for instance, V. Japonica, A. Adams, is identical with V. Deshayesiana, Fischer, and probably some of the smaller forms which have been separated will have to be united. It is also probable that some are undeveloped shells. The largest species hitherto re- corded, V. tornata, Jeff., does not measure more than about 12 mm., V. Deshayesiana coming next, the others being mostly very minute.?
The splendid species I have now the pleasure of describing is
2 inch in width, so that leaves all others far behind in the matter of size. It is of a rounded, inflated form, the whole surface is minutely granular, and the numerous radiating lire are covered with short erect spines. The interior is of beautiful silvery pearl, with muscular scars scarcely visible. The generic character indicated by the hinge is very decided, the single tooth in the right valve being thick and prominent.
This unique specimen is now in the collection of Mr. James J.
MacAndrew.
1 Since writing the above, my attention has been drawn to the description by Dall of a larger species (which by an oversight has been omitted from the Zoological Record), under the name of, Verticordia elegantissima (Bull. Mus. C. L. vol. ix. p. 106). A single valve of this is mentioned, measuring 30 x 23 mm.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
SyNDESMYA MAXIMA, D.sp. Pl. V. Fig. 5.
Testa oblonga, compressiuscula, alba, antice rotundata, postice bre- viter lanceolata, concentrice irregulariter striata. Margo dorsi anticus leviter declivis, vix arcuatus, posticus oblique rectus. Umbones centrali, parvi, acutiusculi, vix prominentes. Lunula longa, angusta, impressa, area antica complanata, angusta. Cardo normalis. Antero- post. 35, umbono-marg. 20mm. //ab.—Bay of Bengal, 677 fathoms.
Very much larger than any known recent species of the genus. It is very like in form and character to the British S. nitida, Miiller.
GLAUCONOME scuLPTa, n.sp. Pl. V. Fig. 4.
Testa elongata, angusta, antice rotundata, postice elongata, acumi- nata, albida; epidermide straminea induta; striis minutissimis cre- berrimis verticalis sculpta. Margo dorsalis anticus curtus, leviter arcuatus, posticus, elongatus levissime declivis. Margo ventralis rectiusculus. Umbones acutiusculi, vix prominentes, ante medium siti. Cardo normalis. Antero-post. 28, umbono-marg. 11mm. Had. —Bay of Bengal.
A typical Glauconome, but proportionately narrower than its con- geners. ‘The surface is very finely vertically striated.
41
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWELVE NEW SPECIES, CHIEFLY FROM MAURITIUS.
By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., ete. Read November 10th, 18938.
1. Murex (Octnesra) Crovcut, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 9.
Testa subfusiformis, utrinque acuminata, antice breviuscula, postice elongata, undique asperrima, albida, fusco maculata; spira conico turrita, acuta; anfractus 8, convexi, embryonales 2 leves, sequentes varicibus 6, squamosis, breviter et crasse bispinosis, liris spiralibus 2, eximie squamosis muniti; sutura profunda; anfractus ultimus trigonus, superne angulatus, inferne attenuatus; apertura ovalis; columella tenuis levis; labrum fimbriatum, postice profunde sinuatum ; canalis parya, recurya. Long. 14, maj. diam. 8mm. Hab.—Mauritius (Robillard).
Var. rufescens. Testa angustior, rufa, antice nigro-fusco batteata.
The two specimens (type and variety) of this charming little species are in the collection of Mr. Walter Crouch. Though very different in appearance, I cannot find any good grounds for separating them specifically. The shells are crisply and beautifully scaled all over, and the spiral ridges are raised on the varices into erect tubular spines.
2. Murex (Octvepra) optusus, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 8.
Testa ovata, solida, obesa, albida; spira elatiuscula, obtusa; an- fractus 6, convexi, costis 4-5, latissimis rotundatis instructi; spiraliter livati, inter liras foveolis profundis numerosis sculpti ; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, robustus basin versus attenuatus; apertura ovata; columella leviter contorta; canalis curta. Long. 25, maj. diam. 15 mm. Hab.—Mauritius (Robillard).
This species is allied to Jf. tetragonus, but distinguished by its remarkably stout obtuse spire, giving a totally different form to the shell,
3. Fusus Barctayi, usp. Pl. IV. Fig. 13.
Testa angulato-fusiformis, sinistrorsa, rimata, antice leviter contorta, postice acuminata ; luteo-albida, fulvo fasciata; spira conico-turrita, acuta; anfractus 7, planato declives, spiraliter dense squamoso lirati, longitudinaliter sub-oblique costati, inferne angulati; costis paulo elevatis, latiusculis, ad angulum sub-nodulosis; sutura anguste sed profunde canaliculata; anfractus ultimus ad peripheriam valde angu- latus, infra angulum leviter convexus, deinde contractus, in caudam breviusculam, leviter recurvam desinens; apertura sub-ovata, intus lirata ; columella arcuata; canalis brevis. Long. 28, maj. diam. 14mm. Hab.—Mauritius (Barclay),
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
A remarkable sinistral species, quite unlike any hitherto described. It is very angular, the longitudinal ribs raised on the angle giving it a nodulous appearance. The whorls are densely scale-ridged through- out, the ridges varying in thickness. The two specimens from the collection of the late Sir David Barclay, are now in the possession of Mr. James J. MacAndrew.
4. TritonIDEA NEGLECTA, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 7.
Testa anguste fusiformis, imperforata, anguste rimata, fusca; spira elata, acuta; anfractus 8, convexi, leviter rotundati, embryonales 2, leeves, sequentes spiraliter dense irregulariter lirati, longitudinaliter plicati; sutura canaliculata; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, elongatus, infra medium contractus et attenuatus, im caudam breviusculam desinens; apertura oblonga; labrum leviter arcuatum, intus liris albidis latiusculis duplicatis munitum ; columella glabra, contorta ; canalis breviusculis, leviter recurva. Long. 26, maj. diam. 10 mm. /ab.—Philippines (Cuming).
In the absence of the soft parts and even of the operculum it is impossible to speak with certainty as to the generic position of this somewhat striking species. In appearance it seems to come some- where between /usus and Tritonidea.
There are three specimens in the Natural History Museum from the Cumingian Collection, which all these years appear to have been overlooked.
5. CoRALLIOPHILA LATIAXIDEA, n.sp. Pl. LV. Fig. 6.
Testa abbreviato-fusiformis, albida; spira elato-conica, gradata, acuta; anfractus 8, angulati, longitudinaliter angulatim costati, spira- liter dense squamo-lirati; anfractus ultimus superne angulatus, lati- usculus, infra angulum leviter attenuatus; umbilicus latus, carina crassa rugose lamellata marginata; apertura oblonga, intus lata ; canalis breviuscula; columella rectiuscula, glabra; labrum serratum, postice sinu angusto breviusculo emarginatum. Long. 25, maj. diam. 15mm. Hab.—Mauritius.
A crisply squamose species, with an acute spire, rather squarish body-whorl, and wide umbilicus. This species would by some authors be placed in the genus Latiaxis.
6. CoRALLIOPHILA cuRTA, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 4.
Testa angulata, utrinque conica, albida, crassa, rugosa ; spira acuti- uscula; anfractus 6, angulati, longitudinaliter costati, spiraliter lirati ; liris elevatis, rotundatis squamulosis ; anfractus ultimus valde angu- latus, breviter acuminatus; apertura elongato sub-trigonalis; columella leviter sinuosa; labrum crenulatum. Long. 10, maj. diam. 7 mm. Hab.—Mauritius (Robillard).
A short, angular little species possessing the scale-ridged character common to most species of the genus, but I know none bearing a very close resemblance to it in form.
7. Scatarta Roprtarpi, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 5.
Testa mediocriter elongata, anguste umbilicata, albida, obscure fulvo fasciata; spira acute conica; anfractus 7, rotundati; costis numerosis (circ. 24) angustis, modice elevatis, haud squamosis ; anfractus ultimus rotundatus, ? longitudinis equans; apertura ro-
~
SOWERBY : NEW SPECIES FROM MAURITIUS. 48
tunde ovalis; peristoma simplex. Long. 13, maj. diam. 8 mm. Hab.—Mauritius (Robillard).
A regularly formed moderately elongated shell, with rounded whorls. The ribs are numerous, thin and smooth, without angles. The shell bears a close resemblance to S. lineata, Say, but wants the basal-ridge characteristic of that species.
8. TEREBRA CERNICA, B.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 1.
Testa subulata, dilute fusca, nitens; spira elongata, versus apicem acutissima, deinde levissime convexa; anfractus 17, planato vix conyexi, longitudinaliter multicostati, supra medium inter costas uniseriatim puncturati, aliter leves; anfractus ultimus longiusculus ad basin contractus, leviter productus ; apertura elongata ; columella contorta, obscure biplicata ; ; labrum arcuatum, levigatum, vix incras- satum; canalis brevis, recurva. Long. 22, maj. diam. 4°5 mm. Hab.—Mauritius.
This species is allied to 7. longiscata, Desh., but differs from it in the absence of spiral striz and in some other particulars. The spiral groove above the middle of the whorl takes the form of punctures between the ribs not cutting through — age ams 2 longiscata.
9. Narica RopretardI, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 12.
Testa sub-contecte umbilicata, solida, sub-ovata, pallide lutea, vel albida, griseo obscure bifasciata; spira parva, leviter prominente ; anfractus 5, rapide accrescentes, convexi, rotundati, superne oblique sulcati, sutura impressa; anfr. ultimus ventricosus; columella rectius- cula, superne effusa, in regione umbilicali callo crassissimo instructa ; apertura semicircularis. Operculum crassiusculum, politum, album, conspicue fusco unimaculatum, carina angusta marginatum. Long. 19, maj. diam. 17mm. Hab.—Mauritius.
The notable character of this species is the conspicuous brown spot on the shining white operculum. In other respects the shell is somewhat like a variety of WV. marochiensis, Gmelin. I have seen quite a number of specimens from Mauritius all haying the spot in. nearly the same position, seeming to show that it is characteristic of the species.
10. Trocuus Scuturrert, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 10.
Testa conica, med Jiocriter alta, imperforata, pallide carnea, flammulis fuscis radiata ; anfractus 7, planato declives, vix convexi, rugose grano-lirati, carina tuberculata marginati; sutura irregularis ; anfractus ultimus curtus, leviter effusus, tuberculatus, biangulatus ; basis planato convexa, spiraliter lirata, flammulis fuscis undulatis radiata ; ; columella curta, crassiuscula, margaritacea, sub-torta, truncata, haud dentata; apertura latiuscula, labrum acutum. Alt. 23, maj. diam. 23 mm. Hab. ?
In external appearance this species somewhat resembles certain species of Polydonta, but the character of the smooth columella proclaims it a true Zrochus.
11. Puncrureta sinensis, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 14.
Testa oblique conica, capuliformis, postice arcuata, antice truncata ; costis radiantibus rotundatis minutissime imbricatis (lira angusta
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
interveniens), sculpta; apice minuta, valde curvata, leviter retrorsa ; anfractus 2-23 rotundati; fissura longiuscula, angusta, lanceo- lata, fornice interno valide arcuato. Alt. 8, long. 8, lat. 2 mm, Hab.—Hongkong (Hungerford),
12. Dostnra parva, n.sp. Pl. LY. Fig. 21.
Testa orbicularis, leviter compressa, solidiuscula, albida, concentrice iregulariter partim obsolete suleata. Umbones acutiusculi, antice leviter incurvati, ante medium siti. Lunula leviter concava. Cardo normalis. Impressiones musculaires oyali, linea pallii valde sinuata. Umbono-marg. 11, antero-post. 11 mm. //ab.—Mauritius.
A small simple shell, apparently adult. I received several specimens from the late M. de Robillard, and there are several in the Natural History Museum, also from Mauritius.
NEW SHELLS FROM MAURITIUS, Erc. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., ete. Read December 8th, 1893.
Srvce presenting my last paper on new Mauritian shells, I have examined all those that remained unnamed in the Natural History Museum, and identified all, excepting some few apparently immature and unsatisfactory shells,’ as well as the eight following species which appear to be new.
1. Manernra Fryter#, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 17.
Testa angusta, elongata, utrinque acuminata, antice multo brevior, albida fusco unizonata ; spira acuta turrita; anfractus 8, vix convexi, superne obtuse angulati, costis rotundatis crassiusculis (circa 10) muniti, spiraliter subtilissime striati; anfractus ultimus, spiram brevior, zona media fusca angusta; apertura elongata, angustiuscula; columella fere recta; labrum leviter arcuatum, levissime sinuatum. Long. 10, maj. diam. 3mm. /ab.—Mauritius.
A narrow costate species, conspicuously marked with a single narrow brown zone about the middle of the body whorl and at the spiral suture. The spiral strize are only visible through a powerful lens. (Named after a friend.)
2. Manerria Vicror, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 19.
Testa vix rimata, subfusiformis, solidiuscula, antice mediocriter attenuata, postice acuminata, alba, fusco strigata et unizonata; spira conica, ad apicem acuta, deinde convexiuscula, sutura impressa; an- fractus 6-7, convexiusculi, longitudinaliter costati; costis crassiusculis, rotundatis, levibus, interstitiis angustis fuscis sejunctis; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, obtuse angulatus, baltea fusca pictus, ad basin fusco tincta; apertura oblonga, labrum tenue, leviter arcuatum ; sinus latiusculus haud profundus, fauce fusca. Long. 7:5, maj. diam. 3mm. /ab.—Mauritius.
A small thickish shell, with conspicuous stout smooth white ribs, and a brown belt in the middle of the body whorl. The specimen is in the Natural History Museum. (Named after M. Victor de Robillard.)
3. Manerra Lovisensts, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 18.
Testa elongata, solidiuscula, medio angulata, utrinque acuminata, albida, pallide fulvo tincta; spira acute conica; anfractus 8, primi 2 (embryonales) leves, sequentes angulati, spiraliter valde lirati; costis longitudinalibus circa 8, elevatis acutiusculis, rugosis; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, superne subacute angulatus, dende plano attenuatus ; apertura angusta, leviter sinuata; columella levis, postice
1 Excepting also the genus Engina, which I left for Mr. Melvill.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
leviter arcuata, deinde recta; labrum crassum, intus glabrum, politum, extus liratum, postice acute angulatum, post angulum profunde et late sinuatum. Long. 9, maj. diam.4 mm. //ab.—Mauritius.
An angular shell, with raised spiral lire and rather angular longi- tudinal ribs. The specimen is very faintly coloured. Type in the Natural History Museum. The name is taken from the capital of the Island, Port Louis.
4, Cyrmara articutaTa, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 16.
Testa sub-cylindraceo-fusiformis, postice acuminata, antice leviter attenuata, luteo albida, fusco zonata, zonis plerumque parum con- spicuis ; spira conica, ad apicem mucronata, deinde convexa ; anfractus 7, convexi, spiraliter lirati, longitudinaliter costati, costis circa 12, rotundatis, albido articulatis; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, leviter convexus; apertura elongata, angusta, columella rectiuscula valde rugosa; labrum intus serratum, extus varicosum, sinu postico brevissimo emarginato. Long. 9, maj. diam.4 mm. Hab.—Mauritius.
Ot the typical form of the genus Cythara. The fine lire becoming whitish on crossing the ribs give to the latter an articulated appearance. The colouring is generally rather faint and the markings not very clearly defined.
5. Cotumperta Rosrzarpi, n.sp. Pl. LV. Fig. 15.
Testa robusta, anguste rimata, postice acuminata, glabra, pallida, maculis fuscis et albidis irregulariter, conspersis picta; spira longius- cula, acuta; anfractus 8, convexi, leves; anfractus ultimus spiram fere squans, leviter ventricosa, ad basim contractus et conspicue liratus, liris 6; apertura oblonga; columella sinuata glabra, leviter effusa; labrum crassum, intus valde irregulariter dentatum. Long. 8, maj. diam. 2°55 mm. Hab.—Mauritius.
A smooth shell, with a rather stout body whorl and an acute elevated spire. The lip is thick and strongly dentate within. The colouring consists of a few irregular brown linear spots and white flakes. The type is in the Natural History Museum.
6. Sistrum aneuLatum, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 3.
Testa angalata, brevis, utrinque acuminata; spinicostata, albida, fusco-maculata; spira acute conica; anfractus 6, angulati, spiraliter lirati, longitudinaliter costati, costis plus minusve spinosis; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, costis angulatis acute spinosis munitus, ad basin attenuatus, brevirostratus, levissime recurvus ; apertura elongata; columella levis; labrum incrassatum, intus tuberculatum. Long. 7, maj. diam. 5mm. Hab.—Mauritius.
This little angular, spinose shell appears to be distinct from any hitherto described, though it is somewhat like a miniature form of S. spinosum, A. Adams.
7. AmpurrERas Suirut, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 2.
Testa elongata, obtuse angulata, utrinque brevirostrata, antice attenuata, postice breviter acuminata, levis, polita, alba luteo-fusco tincta ; rostrum posticum oblique biplicatum; apertura angustiuscula, antice paulo latior ; canalibus brevibus, emarginatis ; labrum crassius- culum, rotundatum, utrobique leve, extus varicosum, album. Long. 10, maj. diam.4mm. Hab.—Mauritius.
SOWERBY : NEW SHELLS FROM MAURITIUS. 47
Somewhat like O. Zraili, A. Adams, but the mouth is narrower and the lip quite smooth without and within. Type in the Natural History Museum.
8. Carpium Rosritarpi, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 20.
Testa suborbicularis, solidiuscula, mediocriter convexa, antice ro- tundata, postice sub-angulata, albida, maculis fuscis irregulariter con- spersa ; tadiatim costata, costis circa 33 rotundatis, mediocriter elevatis, conspicue nodoso-squamatis, interstitiis concentrice corrugatis. Cardo normalis, Ligamentum parvum. Pagina albida stramineo tincta, rufo-fusco triradiata. Umbono-marg. 14, antero-post. 18 mm. Had. —Mauritius.
A pretty little species, with numerous raised rounded ribs covered with nodular scales, the interstices between the ribs being transversely wrinkled.
- When I first saw a single example of this species in the Natural History Museum I refrained from describing it, thinking it might be a young shell, but having now met with several other specimens I venture to do so.
VOL. I.—MARCH, 1894. 4
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF AMPULLARIA. By G. B. Sowzrsy, F.L.S, ete. Read January 12th, 1894.
AMPULLARIA CASTELLOI, n.sp. Plate IV. Fig. 22.
Testa sub-ovata, crassa, angustissime umbilicata, luteo-viridula ; plus minusve rufo-fusco fasci ata, longitudinaliter irregulariter plicata ; spira conica, elatiuscula ; anfractus: 5, convex, rotundati ; ; sutura angusta; anfractus ultimus obtusissime angulatus, supra angulum levissime concayus, infra angulum convexiusculus ; apertura lata, vix obliqua, fauce aurantiaca, vel rufo-purpurea, plus minusve fasciata ; columella crassiuscula, leviter reflexa, vivide rufo-marginata; labrum "acutum haud reflexum. Long. 65, maj. diam. 53 mm. Apertura longa 45, lata 28 mm. Operculum tenue, nigrum, extus leviter concavum, laminatum, intus nitens. Hab. —River Meta, S.E. Bogota.
A rather solid shell, with a very narrow umbilicus, in some specimens completely closed. The spire is conical, and the top of the body whorl very slightly concave, the sides being somewhat flatly convex. The columella is bordered with bright red. The above dimensions are those of the largest specimen, most of them being smaller, and presenting some variation in colour and form. (Named after a relative of the discoverer.)
AMPULLARIA PERTUSA, D.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 23.
Testa sub-ovata, solida, anguste umbilicata, luteo-viridula, longi- tudinaliter irregulariter plicata, punctis numerosissimis minutissimis pertusa; spira conica, elatiuscula; anfractus 5, convexi, rotundati ; sutura angusta ; anfractus ultimus sub-humerosus ; apertura latiuscula, vix obliqua, fauce rufo-purpureo fasciata; columella leviter reflexa ; labrum acutum, haud reflexum, album. Long. 68, lat. 52 mm. Hab.—?
This species very closely resembles A. Castello’, but differs from it in the absence of the red colouring on the columella lip, and in the presence of a fine sculpture consisting of rows of minute punctures. The type specimen (the only one I have seen) was wrongly labelled in the Cumingian Collection A. Zinnet, Phil.,! a species which it does not at all resemble, and I have to thank Mr. E. A. Smith for this opportunity of describing it.
1 Kuster Conch. Cab. Ampullaria, p. 62, No. 85, pl. xx, fig. 6.
SOWERBY: VOLUTA BEDNALLI. 49
AMPULLARIA GRANULOSA, n.sp. Pl. IV. Fig. 24.
Testa globosa, solidiuscula, anguste rimata, nigro-fusca, undique granulis conspicuis numerosissimis sculpta; spira curta; anfractus convexi, rotundati; area suturali planato concava; anfractus ultimus ventricosus, humerosus; apertura lata, fauce interruptim fasciata ; peristoma acutum, rufo-aurantio suffuso. Long. 63, maj. diam. 55 mm. Apertura longa 42, lata 25 mm. Hab.—Cayenne (Capt. Eudel).
In form and dimensions this species resembles 4. globosa, Swains., but with the umbilicus almost closed. The curious granulation of the surface is such as I have not observed in any other species of the genus.
NOTE ON VOLUTA BEDNALLI, BRAZIER. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., ete. Read January 12th, 1894.
In 1879 Mr. John Brazier described a very remarkable and beautiful Volute, which he named after the owner, V. Bednalli. It was taken off Port Darwin, North-east Australia. Subsequently Mr. G. F. Angus, seemingly by an oversight, described it on his own account, adopting, however, the name given by Brazier.” This beautiful and highly valued shell has until last year remained unique in Mr. Bednall’s collection. Though much sought for in the locality where it was found, no second specimen had been obtained. A fully developed specimen, in perfect condition, has, however, recently come into my possession, obtained by a Torres Straits pearl-diver. This shows Mr. Bednall’s specimen to be immature, and renders a supplementary description of the species desirable.
The shell is massive and heavy, of clear cream colour, conspicuously painted with longitudinal somewhat irregular arched and angular flames, and four exceedingly regular transverse narrow bands of very dark reddish brown; the longitudinal strie are very clear, imparting a beautiful silky gloss to the surface of the shell; the apex is obtuse, but not worn, the third whorl being neatly and sharply plicated. The interior of the mouth is smooth and shining, of the same colour as the body of the shell; the four plice on the columella are promi- nent and rather thick; the lip is covered with a thick shining enamel overlapping and forming a distinct margin to the body whorl. Length 100, greatest width 50 mm.
' Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. iii. p. 81. 2 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 418, pl. xl. fig. 1.
50
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Fic. 1.—Terebra cernica, p.
», 2.—Amphiperas Smithi, p.
3.—Sistrum angulatum, p.
», 4.—Coralliophila curta, p.
», 9.—Sealaria Robillardi, p.
», 6.—Coralliophila latiaxidea, p.
», 7.—Tritonidea neglecta, p.
», 8.—Murex (Ocinebra) obtusus, p. — 5, Ki Crouchi, p.
», 10.—Trochus Schlueteri, p.
», 11.—Pleurotoma (Drillia) rugidentata, p.
», 12.—Natica Robillardi, p.
», 18.—Siphonalia Barclayi, p.
», 14.—Puncturella Sinensis, p.
5, 15.—Columbella Robillardi, p.
», 16.—Cythara articulata, p.
», 17.—Mangilia Fintere, p.
» 1W— ,, Louisensis, p.
oy Oe i victor,
», 20.—Cardium Robillardi, p.
3, 21.—Dosinia parva, p.
», 22.—Ampullaria Castelloi, p.
sl Oc a pertusa, p.
ee ee granulosa, p.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Fics. 1, 2.—Voluta Bednalli, p. », 8.—Verticordia optima, p. », 4.—Glauconome sculpta, p. », 9.—Syndesmya maxima, p.
Proc. Mat. Soc. Vol. L FL. 1V.
Rene mena
GB.Sowerby dol.et lith .
Hanharb imp.
NEW MOLLUSCA
dunt
jVeyue
Vv
Tan ead ID
fL'ITLOW
ge o
O39)
MAN
)
205 Jey 0047
ol
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ENGINA FROM THE LOYALTY ISLANDS.
By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S., etc. Read December 8th, 18938.
ENGINA ZATRICIUM, 0.sp.
Testa ovata, obesa, crassa, ad apicem sicut ad basem rotundato- pyramidali, anfractibus 5-6, undique spiraliter transverso-sulcatis, brunneo et albo reticulato-pictis, longitudinaliter noduloso-costatis, nodulis infra suturas conspicuis, albis, apertura angusta, ad medium multum contracta, labro exteriore gibboso, incrassato, denticulato, intus columellarem apud marginem crassi-striato. Long. 13:5, lat. 9 mm. Hab.—Lifu, Loyalty Islands (Rev. James Hadfield).
Shell ovate, obese and of thick substance, parti-coloured, roundly pyramidal both towards the apex and base, whorls 5 or 6, spirally grooved throughout with network of brown and white painting ; longitudinally nodulous-ribbed, the nodules below the sutures rounded, conspicuous, white, and the interstices dark chocolate-brown, giving the semblance of areolation; the aperture is narrow, contracted in the middle, outer lip gibbous, denticulate, the inner lip thickly striato- sulcate.
The specific name is the Greek Cuzpixcov, chess, from the areolate appearance.
This pretty species is one of the more striking of several new shells forwarded last year (1892) by the Rey. J. Hadfield, of Lifu, to Mr. R. D. Darbishire and Mr. Moss, that I have for some months been engaged in working out, with the aid of Mr. R. Standen, of
? ~ . i - ar Owens’ College Museum, Manchester. Engina zatricium, Its nearest allies are ZH. fusiformis (Pease) and £. n.sp.
Bonasia (vy. Mart.), from’ Ceylon and Mauritius
respectively, these two being probably forms of one species, and - differing mainly in coloration—the former being orange, much variegated with white; the latter amber-brown, similarly white spotted or variegated. From these £. zatricvum differs in several particulars, such as in its much greater rotundity of form, almost uninterrupted broad median transverse band of brown, lip more or less white and not produced at the base, nodules rounded, not aculeate. It is possible, however, that subsequent research may discover intermediate examples, linking this more closely to ¥#.
Susiformis.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
THE MYOLOGY OF SOME PULMONATE MOLLUSCA CONSIDERED AS A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE IN THE DISCRIMINATION OF GENERA, ETC.
By Watrtrr E. Cotrrmcr, Demonstrator of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Mason College, Birmingham. Read December 8th, 1893.
In the careful anatomical descriptions of not a few of Mr. Charles Hedley’s valuable contributions to the anatomy of the Mollusca, I have noted that he very rightly describes the chief muscles. More recently Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S., has stated that the position of attachment of the several retractor muscles of the generative organs, eye, etc., is of ‘very great importance when studying the differences between generic groups, being an internal character less liable to change than other external ones.’’?
For some length of time I have noted the variations in the form, number, and position of the muscles of various species of Pulmonate Molluses, and have resolved in my future dissections to carefully note and draw these in order to determine more exactly the importance that should be attached to the same in generic, or specific distinction.
For this purpose specimens of Arion empiricorum, Fér., A. subfuscus, Drap., Limax maximus, L., Testacella scutulum, Sby., Helix aspersa, Mill., and Zimnea stagnalis, Linn., were chosen; firstly because I had already made numerous notes and drawings of the muscular system of many, and secondly since they are all common and widely distributed forms, so that it is open for other workers to confirm, amend, or add to the following account.
Malacologists now, more than ever, seem agreed that wherever possible the distinctions of both genera and species should rest upon something more than the colour or form of a shell, or the external markings of the animal. There is hardly a system of organs in the Mollusca which has not at some time or other been advanced as a basis for the classification and division of the various families, genera, and species. The nervous, generative, respiratory, vascular and digestive systems have all found supporters, but the myology seems to have been entirely overlooked. I do not for a moment support the classification, or division, of any group of animals upon the morphology of a single system of organs, but think it necessary that we should know the actual value of each system, in order that we may more accurately judge of its importance in the aggregate characters of the animal or group of animals.
1 Proc. Malac. Soc. 1898, vol. i. p. 8.
COLLINGE: MYOLOGY OF SOME PULMONATA. 53
At the very outset of my investigations I soon found, what nearly all workers in other groups have noticed, viz. that the muscles which do not supply either sense or other important organs are subject to great variation in form, size, position, ete. Having noted this, the actual scope of my investigations resolved itself into a comparatively simple series of observations upon the following muscles :—
1. The buccal retractor muscle. 2. The tentacular retractor muscles. 3. The genital retractor muscles.
1. Tur BuccaAL RETRACTOR MUSCLE.
In the genus Arzon this muscle arises on the right side of the posterior portion of the mantle; passing forward it divides into two equal branches, each of which diverges laterally, and is attached to the sides of the buccal cavity. An examination was made of thirty speci- mens from various localities, but no variations were found.
In Limax this muscle arises in the posterior median portion of the mantle and passes forward, giving off the tentacular retractors. It divides into two branches, as in Arton, only the division is more anterior, each branch passing to the sides of the buccal cavity. Twenty-five specimens were examined, but no variations were found im any.
A similar series of 7elix aspersa, Mill., were examined, no one of which showed any variation.
2. Tue TENTACULAR RETRACTOR MUSCLES.
In Arion these muscles arise on the posterior and lateral border of the mantle as two small bundles of fibres, which, passing forward, unite ;. this, however, is not a true union, the two muscles remaining quite distinct. At the anterior border of the mantle they divide again. The inner (inferior) one supplies the lower tentacle, and the outer (superior) the upper tentacle. A small inner and dorsal branch is given off from the superior retractor, which joms with a similar but larger one from the inferior retractor, the two passing around and above the mandible on either side. These smaller branches were found in a few cases to vary slightly.
The tentacular retractors in Zimaz are the same as in Arion, excepting that they arise as one from the buccal retractor. No variations were found.
3. THE GENITAL RETRACTOR MUSCLES.
These are a group of muscles supplying the oviduct receptaculum seminis and duct, sperm duct, and penis. The form, position, and branching of these have been carefully noted in a very large series of each of the genera named.
In Arion numerous variations were found, and one or two of the more important may be mentioned. In one case, an example of A. subfuscus, the retractor muscle supplying the oviduct had its point of origin 15 millimetres posterior to the mantle ; another, A, empiricorum, had its point of origin much anterior to the position of attachment to the oviduct, and in examples of the same species
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
it was frequently found that this muscle arose from two quite independent points. In all the specimens of A. lusitanicus, Mab.,} which I have examined I have found the position quite constant.
In Limax, Testacella,?> and Helix similar variations were not uncommon.
In Limnea stagnalis, L., the variations, while not important, were very numerous. Baudelot, 5 in his beautiful drawings of the generative anatomy of this species, figures three groups of retractor muscles which spread themselves out along the penis and its Pld eae and may be readily divided into seven ‘distinct. muscles. Specimens very similar to this haye been seen by the writer, and also others in which there were but two distinct muscles, these being attached to the lower portion of the appendix.
From an examination of a fairly representative series of each of the species previously mentioned I may briefly summarise my results as follows :—
1. No variation whatever was found in the form, number, or position of the buccal retractor muscles.
2. The tentacular retractor muscles are quite as constant, very slight variations only being found in the labial branches.
3. While the genital retractor muscles may be constant in some genera, in Arion, Testacella, Limax, Helix, and Limnea innumerable variations were found.
4. No great specific value can be attached to the myology in the above-mentioned genera, and its generic value is probably much less than that of the nervous, generative or digestive systems in the Pulmonate Mollusca generally.
1 The Conchologist, 1892, vol. ii. p. 59. 2 Annals and Mag. 'N.H. 1893 (ser. vi.), vol. xii. p. 24. 3 Recherches sur ‘Vappar. Gen. d. Moll. Gastérop. 1863, pl. iv. fig. 1
TWO NEW LAND-SHELLS FROM TENERIFE. By J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.8., etc., and KE. R. Syxss, F.Z.8., etc. Read December 8th, 1893.
Tur two species which we have now the pleasure to describe owe their discovery to the energy of Colonel Parry, who collected them when at Tenerife in the spring of this year (1893).
Hetrx (Gonostoma) Parryt, n.sp.
Testa depressa, lenticularis, cinereo-cornea parum solida; anfr. 43 convexi, regulariter accrescentes, sutura sat profunda discreti, striis elevatis oblique sculpti, ultimus versus aperturam, et infra et supra peripheriam, obtuse carinatam, ruguloso plicatus ; umbilicus mediocris profundus; apert. rotundata, fere horizontalis, margines callo tenui juncti, basatis incrassatus reflexus. Diam. maj. 13, min. 11:6 mm. ; alt. 4 mm. Hab.—Icod, Ins. Tenerife.
Differs from its nearest ally, ZH. hispidula, Lam., in its uniformly smaller size, more convex and more tightly coiled whorls, and more open and perspective umbilicus; it is also less sharply keeled than that species. Found by Colonel Parry in considerable numbers. It seems strange that this form should have hitherto escaped the observa- tion of collectors.
Se
Helix Parryi, v.sp. Pupa pyramidula, v.sp.
PUPA PYRAMIDULA, 0.sp.
Testa parva, conica, unicolor fusca, tenuis; anfr. 53 tumiduli, longitudinaliter levissime striati, ultimus inflatus, magnus; spira obtusa et quasi-planata, apex minutus; apert. semiovalis, prope in- sertionem marginis dextri plicd tenui, oblique intrante, munita ; margines distantes, undique breviter reflexi; umbilicus mediocris, infundibuliformis. Long. 3-5, lat. 1:5 mm. Hab.—Icod, Ins. Tenerifee.
Differs from Pupa umbilicata, Drap., in its shape, being pyramidal rather than cylindrical; it is also of a darker colour than the form of that species found at Tenerife. P. pyramidula has also one whorl less, and the whorls are not so inflated; the tooth is more slanting and the mouth more oval; moreover the columellar lip is more nearly in a line with the axis of the shell.
The types of both species are in Mr. Sykes’ collection.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ON A NEW SPECIES OF HELIX FROM THE KHASI HILLS. By Joun H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S., ete. Read January 12th, 1894.
Nanya (SessaRaA) EPISEMA, 1.sp.
Testa convexo depressa, tenuis, fusco-cornea; anfr. 7} regulariter acerescentes, sutura sat profunda discreti; subtus convexior, in umbilicum profunde excavatum impervium descendens ; apex et anfr. primus leves, reliqui usque ad basin striis crebris elevatis oblique sculpti, striis ad peripheriam obtuse carinatam haud interruptis, sed infra sensim minus validis; perist. tenue, vix reflexiusculum, flexuo- sum, intus albo limbatum, trilaterale; margines distantes; dexter, ab insertione curvatim descendens, apud carinam subito et pene rectangulatim deflexus (in medio hujus lateris dente erecto crasso intus prolongato extus conspicuo munitus); deinde, interum pene rectangulatim procedens, paullo anti insertionem laminam spiralem, intrantem, extus conspicuam emittens. Diam. max. 15, min. 14 mm.; alt. 8°5 mm. Hab.—Khasi Hills, Indie Orient.
Nanina (Sessara) episema, n.sp.
This remarkable shell, of which Mr. Hugh Fulton received eight or nine specimens from the locality named, calls to mind, from the general form and the costulation of the upper surface, certain species of Miecrocystis—e.g. M. ornatissime, Bens. The apex and the first whorl are smooth, or nearly so, the remaining six, which are separated by a channelled suture, being regularly sculptured with raised oblique costulations, which cross the angulated periphery, becoming fainter as they approach the deeply and suddenly excavated base. The outer lip, at first descending in a curve, is suddenly deflected almost at right angles. In the middle of this second side the thin white inner margin of the peristome (the border of which is scarcely reflected) is abruptly elevated into an erect obtuse tooth, which approaches to within 1 mm. of the opposite basal whorl. This tooth is slightly prolonged inwards and is plainly visible from without. The outer lip, turning off again almost at right angles, emits, just before entering the base, a spiral lamina, which, entering and encircling the umbilical region, appears from without as a ring of callus. It should be noted that the comparative prominence of the tooth on the outer lip and of the basal lamina varies somewhat in the different specimens, the latter character being in some almost obsolete. Mr. Fulton has presented the type specimen to the Natural History Museum.
57
ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA, AND REMARKS UPON SOME ATLANTIC FORMS OCCURRING IN DEEP WATER OFF SYDNEY.
By Enear A. Suiru, F.Z.S., ete. Read January 12th, 1894. PLATE VII. Figs. 1-7.
Tre shells from New Zealand about to be described, together with several specimens of Helicide, were sent as a donation to the Natural History Museum last year by Mr. H. Suter, of Christchurch, New Zealand, and a member of this Society. He also sent four examples of a shell which bears a very remarkable external resemblance to certain smooth forms of our Purpura lapillus. It was described by Hombron and Jacquinot! under the name of Purpura patens, and does not appear to have been noticed since their time. Tryon,* not knowing the species, except from description, wrongly considered it to be probably the same as P. Dumas?, Vélain,® a species occurring at the Island of St. Paul, in the Indian Ocean. This erroneous opinion is quite excusable, owing to the great resemblance in certain specimens of the two species. They are, however, not only specifically distinct, but belong to different genera. The Purpura patens has a Muricoid operculum, and, until the animal is known, may be placed provisionally in the genus Trophon. On the other hand, the operculum of P. Dumasi is normally Purpuroid, and consequently there is no doubt respecting the position of that species. This was not referred to by M. Vélain in his description, but as several specimens in the Museum Collection still retain this appendage, I can speak with certainty as to its Purpuroid character.
ScrssvRELLA Lyrrerronensis, n.sp. Pl. VII. Figs. 1, 2.
Testa minuta, subauriformis, rosea vel albida, incrementi lineis striata; anfractus duo convexi, sutura profunda sejuncti; primus minimus, vix prominens, ultimus maximus, fissura labrali breyi supra medium instructus ; apertura maxima, ovata, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari dilatato, reflexo, externo simplice, acuto. Diam. maj. 1°3; alt. 1 mm. Hab.—Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand (H. Suter).
Only one other species of Sczssurella has been recorded from New Zealand, namely, S. MMantelli of 8S. P. Woodward. This, like nearly
1 Voy. Pole sud, Zool. vol. v. p. 85, pl. xxii. figs. 1-2.
2 Manual Conch. vol. ii. p. 177.
3 Arch. Zool. expér. et générale, 1877, vol. vi. p. 102, pl. ii. figs. 12-16.
4 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 202, pl. xlvi. fig. 8; Tryon’s Manual Conch. vol xii. p- 54, pl. lvii. fig. 12 (copy of Woodward).
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
all the other known forms, has a thread-like keel on each side of the labral slit, and these are continuous up the spire almost to the apex. On the contrary, in the present species, the slit, besides being very short, is not ridged and keeled. Another peculiarity of S. Lyttelton- ensis is the presence of colour in the shell, which in other members of the genus is almost constantly whitish. S. obliqua, Watson, from Kerguelen Island, is smooth, but differs from this species in form, and in the slit, which is traceable much further up the spire. The rate of increase is much more rapid in S. Lytteltonensis than in S. obliqua, and consequently the body whorl is much larger in proportion to the spire than in the latter form.
Puotinuta Svurert, n.sp. Pl. VII. Fig. 3.
Testa minuta, imperforata, turbinata, diverse colorata, omnino nigrescens, nigra, albo variegata et radiata, rubra, albo radiata, etc. ; anfractus 5 convexi, celeriter crescentes, spiraliter obscure striati, lineisque incrementi obliquis tenuissimis sculpti, ultimus ad peri- pheriam obtuse vel rotunde angulatus, infra in medio subimpressus ; apertura obliqua, rotundata, longit. totius 4 adeequens, intus iridescens ; peristoma pallidum, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari arcuato, incrassato, reflexo. Diam. maj. 4, min. 3 mm.; alt.4 mm.; apertura 2 mm. lata. Wab.—Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand (collected by H. Suter).
The genus Photinula is mainly Antarctic in its distribution, for, of the seventeen species recorded (some of which are doubtfully distinct from one another), thirteen occur in South Patagonia; two of the remaining four are from unknown localities, one is Japanese, and one from the Sandwich Islands.
Of the last species, P. sandwichiana, of A. Adams, there are speci- mens in the Cumingian Collection, labelled ‘“‘ New Zealand,” and I am inclined to think that they really occur in that locality.
The present species is much smaller than that form, indeed, the smallest of this group of Zrochide. It is also different in shape, being more conical, with a higher spire.
It is remarkable for its variation in colour. Some specimens are entirely black, others are black with whitish rays from the suture to the periphery, and not infrequently there is a series of whitish spots or short rays on the middle of the base. In other examples the ground-colour is reddish or pinkish, and is interrupted with pale rays and spots.
In some respects P. fusca, A. Adams, the habitat of which is un- known, is very like this species. It is, however, considerably larger, and much more distinctly spirally striated.
Acmza Hetmst, n.sp. Pl. VII. Figs. 4, 5.
Testa parva, depresse capuliformis, fere levis, ceeruleo-cinerea, lineis numerosis radiantibus tenuibus rufo-nigris picta, infra apicem subterminalem leviter concava, postice convexa, arcuata; pagina interna viridis, apicem versus albida, rufo sparsim notata, ad mar-
SMITH: NEW SHELLS FROM AUSTRALASIA. 59
ginem haud crenulata, limbo angusto, flavo, radiis rufo-nigris notato, circumdata. Long. 11:5, diam. 9 mm; alt.4mm. Hab.—Greymouth, West coast of South Island, New Zealand (collected by R. Helms).
This species appears quite distinct from the other forms recorded from New Zealand. The interior in coloration somewhat resembles that of Patella floceata, Rve., but in other respects this species is very different. It is smaller, the form is more cap-shaped, the apex is more terminal, and the radiating lines are regular and not broken up as in that species, which, as seen from above, has a tesselated aspect. The number of radiating lines appears to vary from forty to fifty judging from the examples at hand.
P. floceata is retained in the genus Patella by Pilsbry, but, from the appearance of the shell, I should be inclined to locate it in Aemea. Hutton also has placed it in Patella. It is con- sidered by both of these authors synonymous with P. pholidota of Lesson, and the latter is held by Pilsbry to be a variety of the well-known P. radians of Gmelin. This appears to me an erroneous conclusion, for several of the characters described by Lesson are not applicable to P. radians. Neither do I believe that Reeve’s P. floceata is synonymous with P. pholidota or radians.
I would here also call attention to another ‘lumping’ of species from New Zealand. Pilsbry states that “‘ P. affinis of Reeve scarcely differs from the typical radians.” He certainly has never seen P. affinis, or he would not have made such a statement. It is quite distinguishable by its peculiarly elongate form. The locality, “New Zealand,” is only on the authority of Mr. Cuming.
Lepera (?) ara, n.sp. Pl. VIL. Figs. 6, 7.
Testa parva, alta, capuliformis, convexa, flavo-alba, concentrice et radiatim tenuissime striata; apex subcentralis, acutus, recurvus ; apertura rotunde ovata; peristoma simplex, acutum; cicatrix interna antice peculiariter incurvata et reflexa. Longit. 7, diam. 6 mm; alt. 55 mm. Hab.—Off Sydney, in 410 fathoms, station 164.
This curious little species was obtained by the “ Challenger ”’ Expedition at the above station, and has been kindly placed in my hands for description by Mr. J. C. Melvill. It is provisionally placed in Lepeta, as conchologically it appears to agree with the typical forms of that genus. It is whitish and invested with a thin epidermis like Z. ceca, and is radiately and concentrically sculptured,
I would take this opportunity of recording the occurrence of certain species at this same locality, Station 164, which hitherto have been regarded as peculiar to the Atlantic. The specimens in question were picked out of samples of sea-bottom, which have been examined since the reports on the Gastropoda and Lamellibranchiata by the Rev. R. Boog Watson and myself respectively were published. Mr. Watson, who examined the Gastropods, questioned the correctness of the locality from the presence of these Atlantic forms, and was inclined to believe that some mistake must have occurred. I also at first held
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
the same view; but, as Dr. Murray is convinced that no such error in the locality could possibly exist, I feel bound to withdraw that opinion. The following species are common to the North Atlantic and Station 164 :—
Rissoa deliciosa, Jeffreys. Dentalium ensiculus, Jeffreys.
- panormitanum, Chenu. Cuspidaria teres, Jeffreys. Poromya neeroides, Seguenza.
Of these identifications I have no doubt whatever, and those of the subjoined forms, also North Atlantic species, are probably correct, but not absolutely certain, as the material at hand is insufficient.
Cadulus propinquus, Sars., or C. curtus, Jeff. Cylichna ovata, Jeff.
Dentalium capillosum, Seff.
Scaphander gracilis, Watson.
Scissurella crispata, Fleming.
Seguenzia carinata, Jett.
In my report above mentioned (pp. 4 and 5) I have given a number of instances of equally remarkable distribution. In the cases there instanced only individual species are noticed. On the contrary, in the series under consideration there are at least five species common to the far-distant localities referred to, and it was this superior number which to a great extent made Mr. Watson and myself sceptical.
In conclusion I will call attention to a similar and very remarkable case of distribution which has been recorded by Mr. Brazier.’ The shell in question belongs to the well-known Mediterranean species, Euthria cornea of Linnzeus, and was obtained alive by a relative of Mr. Brazier, Mr. R. C. Rossiter, at Wagap, east coast of New Caledonia.
Geographical distribution is such a hopeless enigma that I dare not venture to hazard any theory with regard to the present instances.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. FIGS. 1-7.
Fies. 1, 2.—Scissurella Lytteltonensis. 3 3.—Photinula Suteri. », 4, 5.—Acmea Helmsi. », 6, 7.—Lepeta ? alta.
1 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1889, vol. iv. p. 117.
61
ON THE DISCOVERY OF A PTEROPOD IN BRITISH EOCENE STRATA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES.
By G. F. Hazris, F.G.S., ete. Read January 12th, 1894.
Tue Paris basin, so rich in the remains of fossil Tertiary Mollusca, contains at least six species of Pteropoda, appertaining to the genera Spirialis, Valvatina, Thecopsella, and Euchilotheca; but this group has never been recorded, so far as I am aware, as occurring in the Kocene or Oligocene beds of this country. Examining some fossil Mollusca in the Edwards collection at the Natural History Museum, I found a specimen from Bracklesham which is an undoubted Pteropod, belonging to the genus Huchilotheca (Fam. Cavoliniide)!; and which forms the subject of the present communication.
EUCHILOTHECA, Fischer.
Type.—Cleodora Parisiensis, Deshayes, Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, t. 2, p. 187, pl. iti. figs. 15-17 (= Vaginella (?) suceincta, Defrance).
This differs from the closely allied genus Thecopsella, Munier- Chalmas, by reason of its irregular shape, whilst its embryo is slightly less dilated. M. Cossmann,* acting on the authority of M. Munier- Chalmas, includes this genus amongst the Ceecide, though he seems very doubtful as to the correctness of so domg. He remarks that the classification of both this and Vhecopsella will not be definitive until longitudinal sections of the shells are cut to ascertain whether any transverse septa are present, as in Caecum. It seems to me, how- ever, that this point is already resolved. M. Defrance? and MM. Dollfus and Raymond * give excellent figures of a longitudinal section of EF. succincta (the type of the genus), and no septa are shown; neither are any present in the English species about to be described. I therefore follow MM. Deshayes, Fischer, Dollfus, Raymond and other French authors, in regarding Huchilotheca as a Pteropod.
EUCHILOTHECA ELEGANS, Sp.
Gadus coangustatus, Edwards MS.
Siphonodentalium breve, R. B. Newton. — Syst. List Edwards Collection British Museum, 1891, p. 287.
Shell elongate, cylindro-conical, tapering posteriorly, shining, extremely thin and fragile, with no surface ornamentation; margin
1 Fischer, Journ. Conchyl. (Paris), 1882, sér. iii. t. xxii. p. 59.
2 Ann. Soc. Roy. Malac. de Belgique, 1888, t. xxiii. p. 294.
3 Dict. Se. Nat. 1828, t lvi. p. 427; Atlas Conchyl. pl. xevii. figs. 5a, b. * Ann. Soc Roy. Malac. de Belgique, 1885, t. xx. p. 43, pl. iii. fig. 40.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
of anterior end at right angles to the axis reflected outwardly, moderately thickened ; central portion of test slightly arched.
Length of specimen 5°5 mm. ; maximum diameter nearly 1°5 mm.
Formation.—Bracklesham Beds. Locality.— Bracklesham Bay.
The sole example on which this species is founded is, unfortunately, not in a very good condition, its pomted extremity being incomplete ; _ if restored the shell would, no doubt, reach as much as 8mm. in length. The remains, however, are sufficiently characteristic to- prevent confusion with any other genus; and it seemed desirable to place the matter on record. Its nearest ally is 2. suceinet Defrance, from the Calcaire Grossier (Middle Eocene) of the Paris” basin, which is a smaller form (4 to 5 mm.), thinner, having a1 oblique orifice, with a more pronounced thickened edge, and 1 undulating in its length.
a
i ea
aA
Euchilotheca elegans, W.sp.
A REVISION OF THE BRITISH EOCENE SCAPHOPODA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES.
By R. Burren Newroy, F.G.S., etc., and Gro. F. Harris, F.G.S., etc. Read January 12th, 1894. PLATE VI. Fig. 1.
Tue British Eocene Scaphopods, although they have in part been treated of in various works devoted to tertiary paleontology, have never been brought together as a whole, and the literature of the subject is so scattered that we thought some such conspectus as here essayed would be useful. Moreover, the correct determination of many of the species has for years rested on too theoretical a basis, the types for the most part not being of English origin. The splendid collection of English and Paris Basin tertiary mollusca in the Natural History Museum, however, with the type specimens of some of Sowerby’s species, have enabled us to clear up these difficulties, and we are also in a position to describe some new species.
The classification adopted is based on that of Stoliczka, who paid special attention to this class, but we have not been unmindful of recent progress in the subject on the Continent.
Family DENTALIIDA.
Genus DENTALIUM, Linneus. Systema Nature, 1767, Ed. 12, Vol. i. Part 2, p. 1263.
Type.—Dentalium elephantinum, Linneeus (reference as above). Posterior orifice truncated; not fissured; surface ornamented with longitudinal ribs.
Dentatium nirens, J. Sowerby.
Dentalium nitens, J. Sowerby.—Mineral Conchology, 1814, vol. i. Palo) pl. lex. figs. 1,2.
Dentalium, sp. G. B. Sowerby.— Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1859, vol. xv. p. 136, pl. v. fig. 5.
Fustiaria nitens, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 285.
Shell ‘‘nearly straight; surface even and shining; aperture circular; mouth expanded.” —J. Sowerby. This is one of the rare Eocene forms without any evidence of a fissure, hence we regard it as a Dentalium ; it is, however, a perfectly smooth shell, and in that respect differs from the type of the genus. Common. Type in the Natural History Museum.
Formations and Localities.—London Clay: Finchley, Haverstock
~
VOL. I.—MARCH, 1894. a
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY.
Hill, Highgate Archway and Potter’s Bar. Oldhaven Beds (?) : Chislet. Thanet Sands : Pegwell Bay.
DernTALIUM CONSTRICTUM, N.Sp.
Shell slightly curved posteriorly, almost straight in its anterior portion ; section circular; surface ornamented with closely set con- centric strix, constricted at irregular intervals, producing a rugose
appearance; longitudinal strie when present very
obsolete ; fissure absent. Length 16; diam. 2mm. This species bears a close resemblance to Entaliopsis annulata so far as the concentric ornamentation is concerned ; that character, however, is much less pronounced, being in fact almost obsolete in some specimens. The irregularly disposed constrictions, with _ the absence of a fissure, are sufficiently distinctive. ' It differs from D. nitens, which is a smooth species deficient in constrictions. The specimen figured, which is in the Natural History Museum, is of average dimen- sions, but some others not so well preserved reach
a length of 21mm. It appears to be common and
confined to the Hampshire basin.
Formation. — London Clay. Localities. — Fareham
(type) and Portsmouth.
Dentalium constrictum, L.sp.
Genus FUSTIARIA, Stoliezka.
Cretaceous Gastropoda, Mem. Geol. Sury. India, 1868, p. 459.
Type.—Dentalium eburneum, Linneus, Systema Nature, 1767, ed. 12, vol. i, part 2, p. 1264. .
‘Shell tubular, thin, usually slightly curved, smooth, posterior end with a long linear slit, on or near the ventral side.” —Stoliezka.
Fusrrarta Fissura, Lamarck.
Dentalium fissura, Lamk.— Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. 1818, vol. v. p. 3846. Desh.—Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1826, vol. u. part 2, p. 368, pl. xviii. figs. 6, 7.
Dentalium nitens, J. de C. Sby.—Dixon’s “ Sussex,” 1850, p. 95, pl. vii. fig. 3 (non J. Sowerby, 1814).
Dentalium fissura, Desh.—Dese. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. il. p. 213, pl. i, figs. 24, 25, 26.
Dentalium (Fustiaria) fissura, Cossm.—Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxiii. p. 10.
Fustiaria fissura, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 285.
Distinguished from 7. lucida by being more arch-shaped, and by having the posterior fissure much shorter; the anterior portion is relatively of larger diameter. It is rather common.
Formation. —Bracklesham Beds. Localities. —Bracklesham Bay, Bramshaw and Brook.
NEWTON AND HARRIS: BRITISH EOCENE SCAPHOPODA. 65
Fustraria tucrpa, Deshayes.
Dentalium lucidum, Desh.—Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. ii. p. 214, pl.i. figs. 18-20.
Dentalium (Fustiaria) lucidum, Cossm.—Aunn. Soe. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxiii. p. 10.
Fustiaria lucida, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 285.
This species differs from /. fisswa in haying a much longer posterior fissure, in being less arch-shaped, and narrower generally. We agree with M. Cossmann that the specimen figured by J. de C. Sowerby as Dentalium nitens in Dixon’s “ Sussex,” pl. vu. fig. 3, ought properly to be referred to /. fisswra: this conclusion we have arrived at after comparing a number of British specimens with some from the Paris basin. We may remark that /. /wecda is confined to the Lower Eocene of the Paris basin. Very rare; one specimen only in the Museum.
Formation.—Bracklesham Beds. Locality.—Bracklesham Bay.
FustiaRIa PELLUCENS, Deshayes.
Dentalium pellucens, Desh.—Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. ii. p. 214, pl. i. figs. 21-23.
Dentalium (Fustiaria) pellucens, Cossm.— Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxiii. p. 10.
Fustiaria pellucens, R. B. Newton. —Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 286.
This is a slender form, having a greater curvature than either FF. fissura or FE. lucida. It is much inflated anteriorly, and very rapidly decreases in diameter towards the posterior region. The specimen from Stubbington is so fragmentary that some doubt exists as to its proper determination. Common; but perfect specimens are rather rare.
Formations and Localities.— Barton Beds: Barton and Highcliff. Bracklesham Beds: Bracklesham Bay and Stubbington.
FustIARIA SUBEBURNEA, Orbigny.
Dentalium eburneum, G. B. Sby.—Genera Rec. Foss. Shells, 1825, No. 15, fig. 6 (non Linneus, nec papery 1818). Desh.—Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1826, vol. pt. 2, p. 368, pl. xvii. figs. 8-11. Ge.B. Sby.—Zool. Journ. 1899, at ive pe 198:
Dentalium subeburneum, Orb. — Prod. Pal. Strat. 1850, vol. i. p. 372.
Dentalium eburneum, Desh.—Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. ii. pp. 215, 216, pl. ii. figs. 8-13.
Dentalium (Fustiaria) eburneum, Cossm.—Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol xxiii. p. 10.
Fustiaria cir cinata, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p- 284.
This species differs ‘from F. circinata of the Paris basin in being shorter, its diameter is proportionately larger, and the annulations are
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIFTY.
rather farther apart, and not so deeply sulcated. M. Deshayes, believing that Linneus had betore him a fossil from Grignon when defining his Dentalium eburneun, and that the latter was wrongly labelled as coming from the Indian seas, regarded the D. eburneum of Linnzeus as identical with the Parisian shell, but from a careful examination of the recent D. eburneum, Linn., it is evident that M. Deshayes was mistaken, since the Indian shells agree very well with the original Linnean description, and differ from the Caleaire Grossier specimens. M. D’Orbigny recognized this fact, and accord- ingly substituted the name D. eburnewn. Very rare; only three mutilated specimens in the Museum. Formation.—Bracklesham Beds. ocality.—Bracklesham Bay.
Genus ENTALIOPSIS, nom. nov.
Entalis, J. B. Gray.—Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 158; non Defrance, 1819, nec G. B. Sowerby, 18389.
Type. — Dentalium entalis, Linneus (em. Forbes and Hanley), Systema Nature, 1767, ed. 12, vol. i. part 2, p. 1263.
There seems to be some doubt as to the type species of Gray’s Entalis. Yn his description he merely says ‘‘ Dentaliwm e. Desh. 1825.” We have therefore followed Stoliczka in regarding D. entalis, Linn., as the type which is described by Linneus—“ Zesta tereti subarcuata continua levi.’ On consulting the various authors’ works cited by the last-mentioned writer, we come to the same conclusion as Forbes and Hanley, namely, that the figures referred to by Linnzus are so badly rendered that it is impossible to definitely ascertain the exact limits of this species; we have, therefore, adopted their views and re- stricted the species to the Swedish form. That form is practically smooth, with a short broad fissure at the posterior extremity.
We are compelled, however, to alter the name Entalis, since that term had already been used in another sense both by Defrance and G. B. Sowerby; and we, therefore, propose a new name, Entaliopsis. The fossil species here included differ slightly from the type, inasmuch as they exhibit longitudinal strie, which become more or less effaced on approaching the anterior portion of the test. The fissure is identical with that of D. entalis, and we do not consider the possession of the striee of generic importance.
Enratiopsts anceps, J. de C. Sowerby.
Dentalium anceps, J. de C. Sby.—Trans. Geol. Soe. 1837, ser. il. vol. v. p. 186, pl. viii. fig. 17.
Fustiaria anceps, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 284.
“ Slightly arched, longitudinally ribbed towards the apex; one rib on each side of the arch prominent and sharp; smooth towards the aperture, which is round.”—J. de C. Sowerby. This species is short and of relatively large diameter ; fissure rudimentary and not often preserved in specimens ; longitudinal ribbing strongly marked ; closely set concentric stri# clearly developed, especially on the posterior
NEWTON AND HARRIS: BRITISH EOCENE SCAPHOPODA. 67
region. The anterior extremity of the test is considerably dilated, and is a striking feature in the species. The type specimen in the National Collection is imperfect, and the characters above given have been drawn up from the examination of a number of individuals. Formation.—London Clay. Localities —Chalk Farm, Finchley, Hampstead, Haverstock Hill, Hornsey, and Whetstone.
Entatiopsis BREVIS, Deshayes.
Dentalium breve, Desh.—Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. i1. p. 201) pleas figs.’7,-8.
Dentalium (Entalis) brevis, Cossm.—Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxiii. p. 9.
Fustiaria brevis, R. B. Newton. — Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 284.
The specimens in the Natural History Museum Collection are not very well preserved, but agree with M. Deshayes’ description and figure. From the examination of a perfect specimen M. Cossmann is able to state that it is ornamented by obsolete ribs, and is furnished posteriorly with a short fissure. Rather rare.
Formation. —Thanet Sands. Locality.—Herne Bay.
ENTALIOPSIS ANNULATA, n.sp. Pl. VI. Fig. 1.
Shell shghtly arched, tapering gradually; section circular; surface ornamented with numerous closely set annulations; longitudinal strive more or less obsolete ; fissure short and broad.
Dimensions.—Length 12; diam. 2°5 mm.
This species differs from others included in this genus by the possession of delicate annulations. Annulations are more charac- teristic of Fustiaria, but the great length of the fissure in the latter prevents any misconception arising as to the generic deter- mination of our species. Its fine annulations are somewhat analogous in structure to those of Mustiaria subeburnea, but are much more closely set. The type specimen is in the best state of preservation, although not the largest of the species; an imperfect example from Primrose Hill has a diameter of 8 mm., and exhibits the surface ornamentation, both longitudinal and transverse, more than usually distinct. Rare; five specimens in the National Collection.
Formation.—London Clay. Localities.—Portsmouth (type), South- ampton, and Primrose Hill.
Enrattopsts eranpis, Deshayes.
Dentalium grande, Desh.—Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1826, vol. 11. part 2, p. 365, pl. xvii, figs. 1-8. Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. il. p. 205, pl. i. figs. 1-4.
Dentalium (Entalis) grande, Cossm.—Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxii. p. 8.
Fustiaria grandis, R. B. Newton. — Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 285.
Characterized by its large size and comparatively fine longitudinal
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ribs. The fissure exhibits the undulations so distinctive of this species. and well described by Deshayes. Rather rare. Formation. —Bracklesham Beds. Locality.—Huntingbridge.
Enratopsts Partsrensis, Orbigny.
Dentalium semistriatum, Desh.—Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1826, vol. u. part 2, p. 367, pl. xvii. figs. 15, 16; non Turton, 1819.
Dentalium acuticostum, var., J. de C. Sby.—Dixon's ‘‘Sussex,”’ 1850, p- 96, pl. vu. figs. 1, 8a.
Dentalium Parisiense, Orb.—Prod. Pal. Strat. 1850, vol. i. p. 372. Desh.—Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. 1. p. 210, pl. u. figs. 17-19.
Dentalium (Entalis) Parisiense, Cossm.—Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxi. p. 9.
Fustiaria Parisiensis, R. B. Newton. — Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 286.
Somewhat like /. substriata, but shorter in length, and considerably more arched at its posterior extremity. The longitudinal striz, though not very conspicuous, correspond in their general characters with those of /. striata and FE. substriata. Rather rare.
formation.—Bracklesham Beds. Locality.—Bracklesham Bay.
Enrarropsis strrata, J. Sowerby.
Dentalium striatum, J. Sby.— Mineral Conchology, 1814, vol. i. pl. Ixx. fig. 4.
Dentalium costatum, J. de C. Sby.—Dixon’s ‘Sussex,’ 1850, p. 96, pl. vu. fig. 2; non J. Sowerby, 1814.
Dentalium striatum, Desh.—Dese. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. ii. p- 206, pl. i. figs. 9-11.
Dentalium angustum, Desh.—Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. u. p- 210, pl. i. figs. 1-3.
Dentalium (Entalis) striatum, Cossm.—Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxii. p. 8.
Fustiaria striata, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 286.
‘* Surface marked with ten or eleven longitudinal acute, prominent strie, and several obsolete intervening ones; lines of growth fine, numerous; aperture circular.”’—J. Sowerby. The prominent longi- tudinal striz are always more pronounced towards the posterior extremity, and frequently become obsolete or are altogether absent anteriorly. Sowerby’s types in the National Collection do not exhibit the fissure on account of their bad state of preservation; but its presence is manifest in several of the Museum specimens, in which it is seen to be very short and broad. Common.
Lormations and Localities.—Barton Beds: Barton and Hordwell. Bracklesham Beds: Bracklesham Bay, Brook, and Huntingbridge.
Enraxtopsts supsrrtata, Deshayes.
Dentalium acuticostum. var., J. de C. Sby.—Dixon’s ‘ Sussex,” 1850, p. 96, pl. vu. fig. 16.
NEWTON AND HARRIS: BRITISH EOCENE SCAPHOPODA. 69
Dentalium substriatum, Desh.—Desc. Anim. sans Vert. 1861, vol. 11. p. 208, pl. u. figs. 5-7.
Dentalium (Entalis) substr vatum, Cossm.—Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1888, vol. xxii. p. 8.
Fustiaria substriata, R. B. Newton. —Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 286.
Fissure rather longer than in Z. striata; longitudinal ribbings not so prominent, but otherwise very similar; shell generally less slender, and not so symmetrical in contour; anterior portion much swollen. The last-mentioned character is very noticeable in specimens from Bramshaw. &. substriata approximates rather closely to 4. Brongniarti, Desh., of the Paris basin. J. de C. Sowerby’s type of D. acuticostum, var., is in the Natural History Museum. Common.
Formations and Localities —Barton Beds: Barton. Bracklesham Beds: Bracklesham Bay, Bramshaw, Brook, and Huntingbridge.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SHELLS OF PULMONATE MOLLUSCA FROM THE OLIGOCENE AND EOCENE FORMATIONS OF ENGLAND.
By R. Burren Newroy, F.G.S., etc., and Gro. F. Harris, F.G.S., ete. Read January 12th, 1894. PLATE VI.
Tue shells referred to in the present paper were collected many years ago by the late Frederick Edwards, and now form part of the “‘ Edwards Collection ”’ in the Natural History Museum.
In 1852 Mr. Edwards contributed to the Paleontographical Society his famous memoir on the British Eocene Pulmonata, since which time the only paper of importance has been that of Mr. J. 8. Gardner, on ‘““The Land Mollusca of the Eocenes,” published in the Geological Magazine (1885, pp. 241-251). This included a review of many of Edwards’ species, but did not deal, except very briefly and without figures, with the new shells which were named in MS. by Mr. Edwards, and which formed part of his collection. The purport of the present paper, therefore, is to give these names a real significance by figures and descriptions, and so to place them on a scientific basis.
Eight new forms are described, and remarks made upon two or three established species, to which some of the specimens have been referred. The majority were obtained from the Oligocene formation in the Isle of Wight, whilst a few others came from the Lower Eocene deposits of the London Basin.
For the sake of clearness we herewith name the beds in descending order which constitute these two formations :—
Oligocene.—Hempstead, Bembridge, Usborne and Headon Beds.
Hocene. —Barton, Bracklesham, London Clay, Oldhaven, Woolwich and Reading, and Thanet Beds.
HELIX, Tinns 1767.
HeELIx psEvDO-eLoBosa, (?) Orbigny. Pl. VI. Fig. 15.
Helix globosa, J. Sowerby. — Mineral Conchology, 1817, vol. ii. pl. clxx.; non Montagu, 1808.
Helix pseudo-globosa, Orbigny.—Prod. Pal. Strat. 1850, vol. ii. p. 410.
Helix globosa, ¥. BK. Edwards.—Mon. Pal. Soc. 1852, p. 68, pl. x. fig. 2.
Helix ( Calocochlea) globosa, J. 8. Gardner.—Geol. Mag. 1885, pl. vi. fig. 6, pp. 248, 249.
Helix Etheridgei (Edwards MS.), R. B. Newton. — Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 271.
The specimen here referred to probably represents the young stage
NEWTON AND HARRIS: OLIGOCENE AND EOCENE PULMONATA. 71
of Sowerby’s species, H. globosa, as first suggested in the Geological Magazine for 1885 by Mr. J. S. Gardner, and we gladly recognize it as such, since it will do away with the necessity of registering a new species. It is a highly crystalline cast, exhibiting a very de- pressed spiral region, containing three gradually increasing whorls separated by a rather deep suture and bordered by a subangulate peripheral margin; the apex is very obtuse; aperture elongate, narrow and subquadrangular, extending beneath to the umbilical cavity, which appears to be covered by an expansion of the inner ip. Diam. 7 ; alt. 4°55 mm. Sowerby’s type specimen of the species in the National Collection is one of the largest terrestrial shells found in British Tertiary deposits; it measures 55 mm. in diameter, and is about the same in elevation.
Formation.—Oligocene (Bembridge Beds). Localities. —Sconce and
Headon Hill.
VITREA, Fitzinger, 1833. Virrea Sconcrensis, n.sp. Pl. VI. Fig. 13.
Helix Sconciensis (Kdwards MS.) J. 8S. Gardner.—Geol. Mag. 1885, p. 249. R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 271.
Shell much depressed, orbicular, subdiscoidal and umbilicated ; volutions five; suture deep; spire slightly elevated; surface orna- mented with numerous closely set, raised and oblique lines, which extend over the whorls to the umbilical perforation ; lip simple; other apertural characters indistinct (filled with matrix). Diam. 9; alt. 4mm.
This species approaches most closely to Helix D’ Urbani, ¥. E. Edwards,! which occurs in the same beds, but we have made a distinction on account of the highly ornamented condition of our specimen, its much more depressed spiral region and slightly larger umbilicus. Sandberger? recognises H. D’ Urbani under the genus Hyalinia of Charpentier, but this name, according to the law of priority, must be abandoned in favour of Fitzinger’s Vitrea, the type of which is Helix erystallina, Miiller. Mr. E. A. Smith gives an in- teresting synonomy of these. genera in the Journ. Conchology, 1891, p. 339.
Formation.—Oligocene (Bembridge Beds). Locality.—Sconce, Isle of Wight.
Nimema tara, n.sp.~ Plj- Vil Fig: 14
Helix leita (Edwards MS8.), R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 270.
Shell depressed, discoidal and umbilicated; volutions four, regularly increasing, apex very obtuse ; aperture sub-ovate and extending beneath
1 Mon. Pal. Soc. 1852, p. 62, pl. x, fig. 5. * Land-u-Siissw-Conch. Vorwelt, 1873, p. 294, pl. xvii. fig. 7.
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
to the umbilical margin; umbilicus small and deep; surface polished and bearing numerous obscure lines of growth. Diam. 6; alt. 2°5 mm.
This is a small and delicately formed shell, having a contour very similar to the existing species V7trea cellaria. The fossil appears to differ from it, however, in its much more depressed spire. Our species is evidently exceedingly rare, as the example described is the only one known to us.
Lormation.—Oligocene (Headon Beds). Locality.—Headon Hill.
PUPA, Draparnaud, 1801.
PuPA MULTISPIRATA, n.sp. Pl. VI. Fig. 6.
Pupa multispirata (Edwards MS.), R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 273.
Shell elongate, cylindrical, narrow and turrited ; spire consisting of six volutions with an obtuse summit; whorls obtusely angulated at the shoulder, compressed at the sides, and separated by a deep and slightly oblique suture; the four intermediate whorls increase so gradually that they appear of almost similar size ; aperture perforated. Alt. 5; diam. 2mm.
These characters are drawn up from a specimen which is merely a cast in calcite, occasioning, of course, some doubt as to its correct generic determination. We, however, think it advisable to adopt Mr, Edwards’ opinion until more perfect material is obtainable. In the meanwhile we may refer to a cylindrical species of this genus (from similar beds), already described by Edwards as Pupa perdentata, which differs from the present specimen in its greater depth of whorl and much more oblique suture.
Formation.—Oligocene (Bembridge Beds). Locality —Headon Hill.
ISTHMIA,! J. E. Gray, 1840.
Istumia pusia, u.sp. Pl. VI. Fig. 5.
Zua dubia (Edwards MS.). Cochlicopa dubia, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 274.
Shell small and tumid; spire with five volutions; suture horizontal ; body whorl ventricose and occupying more than half the spiral axis ; remaining whorls gradually. increasing, narrow and convex; apex obtuse ; surface smooth, polished ; aperture semi-oyal, perforated, without teeth; lp unreflected. Alt. 3; diam. 2mm.
We have removed this species from the genus Cochlicopa on account of its obtuse summit. In some respects it resembles Vertigo Novi- gentiensis, described by Sandberger,*? from the Paris Basin Eocene,
1 Gray’s earliest reference to this name occurs in the London Medical Repository, 1821, p. 239, where it was used, however, in a trinomial sense (Helix Isthmia cylindrica) and cannot be adopted. The name must date from 1840, when he used it for a section of Vertigo.
2 Land-u-Stissw.-Conch. Vorwelt, 1872, p. 231, pl. xiii. fig. 22.
NEWTON AND HARRIS: OLIGOCENE AND EOCENE PULMONATA. 73
a form which has been rather recently re-figured and recognized as an Isthmia by M. Cossmann.! After a careful examination of the generic type (Pupa edentula, Draparnaud) we do not hesitate to place our specimen in the same genus.
Lormation.—Oligocene (Bembridge Beds). Zocality— Headon Hill.
MEGASPIRA, Isaac Lea, 1839.
MerGASPIRA CYLINDRICA, N.Sp.
Megaspira cylindrica (Edwards MS.), J. 8S. Gardner.—Geol. Mag. 1885, p. 251. R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 274.
Shell elongate, cylindrical and tapering; whorls ys flattened, gradually increasing and separated by a f moderately deep suture; body whorl angulate at the shoulder ; ornamented with slightly undulating, oblique and closely set longitudinal striations which terminate at the angulation of the last whorl; base smooth or only obscurely striated ; columella fur- nished with three nearly transverse lamellar plications, beneath which is a clearly defined parietal ridge having the appearance of being flanged posteriorly. Alt. 11 mm.; diam. 4 mm.
This species is founded on a unique specimen, though unfortunately imperfect. Only six whorls are preserved, and the aperture, filled with iron Megaspira pyrites, is much fractured. The columellar characters cylindrica, n-sp. and the position of the parietal plication are, however, sufficient to relegate it to the genus Jegaspira, which has for its type IM. Ruschenbergiana, Lea= Pupa elatior, Spix. Its nearest analogue is the JZ. elongate of Melville, from the Lower Eocene of the Paris Basin. Our specimen differs from that form, however, in its larger and less oblique columellar plications, as well as in its bearing more boldly defined longitudinal striations. Since Edwards’ identification of this specimen in MS., Mr. J. S. Gardner has referred to it briefly in the Geol. Mag. for 1885, but without description or figure.
The occurrence of this genus, a land-shell, in a marine formation like the London Clay is additional evidence of the proximity of terrestrial conditions during the deposition of those beds. In further confirmation of this we may refer to the vegetable remains, etc., found in the London Clay at Sheppey, and to the two rare Mollusca from strata of the same age, viz. Amphidromus | Bulimus]| tenuistriatus, G. B. Sowerby,’ discovered at Primrose Hill, and Camptoceras priscum, Godwin-Austen,’ from Sheerness, a land and a fresh-water genus respectively.
Formation.—Kocene (London Clay). Locality.—Finchley.
1 Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1889, vol. xxiv. p. 359, pl. xii. fig. 23. 2 London Geol. Journ. 1846, p. 20. % Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1882, vol. xxxvill. p 220, pl. v. figs. 1-7.
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Mrcasrrra MonoponTa, n.sp. Pl. VI. Fig. 3.
Pupa monodonta (Kdwards MS.), JLegaspira monodonta, J. S. Gardner.—Geol. Mag. 1885, p. 251. R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 274.
Shell elongate and cylindric: 1; whorls slightly convex, body whorl rounded at the shoulder; ornamented with closely set, rather acute, undulating, oblique ridges, which continue, though not so prominently, over the base of the shell to the columella; aperture narrow; columella furnished with three oblique lamin, beneath which, on the body whorl, is the typical parietal pleation. Alt. 8; diam. 4 mm.
One example only of this species is known to us, and that is imperfect. It consists of the last two whorls, with a well-preserved aperture containing all the elements of this genus. It differs primarily from JZ. cylindrica in possessing a rounded shoulder and in the more distinct continuation of the ornamental striations over the base to the columella ; the columellar plications are also disposed more obliquely. The specific name is not very applicable, but in view of the fact that it has been introduced into literature we prefer to retain it. Mr. Edwards, no doubt, was guided in his designation by reason of the prominent parietal plication, which, of course, was not characteristic of Pupa, under which genus he incorrectly arranged it. To Mr. J. 8. Gardner is due the credit for having first recognized this specimen as a form of Jlegaspira.
Formation.—Oligocene (Bembridge Beds). Zocahity.—Headon Hill.
COCHLICOPA (Férussac, 1819), Risso, 1826. Cocuttcopa Heaponensis, n.sp, Pl. VI. Fig. 4.
Zua Headonensis (Kdwards MS8.), Cochlicopa Headonensis, R. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 274.
Shell elongate and sub-cylindrical; number of whorls uncertain ; apex missing; last whorl of large size; suture slightly oblique ; aperture narrow, ovate; surface plain. Alt. 4; diam. 2mm.
This species is founded on a somewhat imperfect cast, with the apex
wanting. Three volutions only can be traced, the two e: arlier ones indicating a gradual increase in width with slightly flattened sides ; the body whorl is long and would probably measure about half the length of the entire “shell. We have followed Mr. Edwards in referri ing this specimen to Cochlicopa, or Zua as he called it, the former name taking precedence on account of its earlier date. The general contour and appearance of this species bears a similarity to the type form (Helix lubrica, Miiller) of the genus. So far as we are aware this genus has not been recorded from beds of a similar age elsewhere.
Formation.—Oligocene (Bembridge Beds). Zoeality.—Headon Hill.
LIMN AA, Lamarck, 1799, em. S. Rang, 1829.
Loova#a Heraponensis, n.sp. Pl. VI. Fig. 2.
Limnea, n.sp., R. B. Newton. — Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 280.
NEWTON AND HARRIS: OLIGOCENE AND EOCENE PULMONATA, 15
Shell narrow, elongate, composed of eight whorls with rather com- pressed sides ; volutions increasing gradually at first, afterwards more rapidly ; spire moderately short and very acute; body whorl extending rather more than two-thirds the entire length of the shell, obtusely angulated at the shoulder; aperture narrowly ovate and contracted anteriorly ; columella fold prominent, strongly twisted, nearly round, and obscurely sulcated ; inner lip covered with a thin expansion ; internal structure of test irregularly corrugated. Alt. 38; diam. 19 mm.
This species differs from all other Tertiary forms of the same genus by reason of its pronounced angularity at the shoulder, which, how- ever, becomes more obtuse with age. The great length of the aperture is also very characteristic. In some of its details it approaches both Limnea fusiformus, J. Sowerby, and L. caudata, Edwards, which occur on the same geological horizon. This species is represented in the National Collection by two specimens, the type figured being rather smaller than the other, but in a better state of preservation.
‘ormation.—Oligocene (Headon Beds). Locality. —Headon Hill.
PITHARELLA, F. E. Edwards. Geologist, 1860, pl. v. figs. 1-8, p. 210.
Generie Characters —‘‘ Shell sub-cylindrical; spire obtuse, more or less produced; aperture oval-oblong, rounded in front, narrowed behind; columella straight, or very obliquely twisted, arched anteriorly ; outer lip simple, acute ; inner lip thickened.’”’— Edwards.
Prrmarecta Rickmani, F. E. Edwards. Pl. VI. Figs. 7-9.
Voluta, C. Rickman.—Geologist, 1860, p. 151. Pitharella Rickmant, F. E. Edwards.—Geologist, 1860 (reference as above). S. V. Wood.— Mon. Pal. Soc. 1877, p. 839. KR. B. Newton.—Syst. List Edwards Coll. 1891, p. 280.
‘Shell oval-oblong, smooth; spire sub-conical, short, varying in height in different specimens; whorls five or six, depressed on the posterior margins, and obtusely angulated on the shoulders. The sutural edge is slightly thickened, forming a narrow, upright, ribbon- lke band, pressed against the preceding whorl, and feebly crenulated by the lines of growth; in well-preserved specimens the margin immediately in front of the sutural band presents two or three obscure concentric furrows. The last whorl is somewhat attenuated towards the base; the aperture is entire, rounded in front, narrow behind, and very long, nearly equalling four-fifths of the entire length of the shell; the columella is obscurely and very obliquely twisted, and anteriorly is much curyed; the outer lip is slightly arched, simple, and sharp on the edge; the inner lip is posteriorly thickened and narrow, anteriorly effuse, flattened, and reflexed, forming an angular ridge on the columella, and confluent with the outer lip.”,-—Edwards.
Dimensions of the largest specimen figured.—Alt. 45 ; diam. 24 mm.
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
We have considered this unique species of so much importance in the history of the British Eocene Pulmonata, that we have ventured to reproduce Mr. Edwards’ original figures as well as his description of both genus and species. ‘The author regarded his new genus as an aberrant form of the Limneidse, and placed it between Limnea and Chilina. This view, we believe, has not since been questioned, though prior to his examination it was supposed by Mr. Rickman to resemble Voluta, an erroneous determination, however, as there were no indica- tions of the columellar plaits so characteristic of that genus. The species was discovered in some abundance in the Woolwich Beds by Mr. Rickman in 1860 (associated with fluviatile shells, Cyrena, ete., and remains of a terrestrial flora) when the South High-Level Sewer was being constructed between Peckham and Dulwich. We have not heard of its occurrence elsewhere in the London Basin, and as far as we can testify the genus is entirely unknown in Continental areas, and is not living at the present day.
Formation.—Kocene (Woolwich Beds). Localities —Peckham and Dulwich.
PLANORBIS, E. L. Geoffrey, 1767.
PLANORBIS INCERTUS, n.sp.- Pl. VI. Fig. 12.
Planorbis incertus (Edwards MS.), R. B. Newton. —Syst. List Edwards Coll. British Museum, 1891, p. 282
Shell dextral, discoidal and depressed; whorls six, sub-cylindrical, gradually increasing and divided by a deep suture; umbilical area wide and moderately concave ; surface ornamented with closely arranged minute concentric lines, and bearing five or six equidistant carine, producing obtuse angulations ; striee of growth well defined. Diam. 9; alt. 2°5 mm.
This elegant little specimen is the sole example known to us. It exhibits a basal surface only, the upper part of the test being embedded in the surrounding matrix. The shell is fractured in places, displaying the cast, on which the carine are distinctly seen encircling the whorls. These keels and the minute concentric stric serve to distinguish this species from the Planorbis Sparnacensis, Deshayes, which occurs in the Lower Eocene of France. The French species exhibits many features in common with the English form, but beyond numerous lines of growth which cover the whorls it is entirely destitute of any ornamentation.
Searles Wood described and figured a somewhat similar shell from the Woolwich Beds of Dulwich, in the Mon. Pal. Soc. 1877, p. 340, pl. xxxiv. fig. 1, which he doubtfully referred to P. levigatus, Deshayes, but as his identification was based upon casts it is highly probable that his specimen might be more correctly determined as P. incertus ; however, not having seen his type, we are unable to give any decided opinion regarding it.
Formation.—Kocene (Woolwich Beds). Locality. —Peckham.
Deeieersee Yol Leis Ve
hy West, Newman ump.
BC4AGM Woodward del et Eth
British Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca.
NEWTON AND HARRIS: OLIGOCENE AND EOCENE PULMONATA. WE
PLANORBIS EVOMPHALUS, J. Sowerby. Pl. VI. Figs. 10-11.
- Planorbis euomphalus, J. Sowerby.—Mineral Conchology, 1816, vol. ii. p. 92, pl. exl. fig. 7. F. E. Edwards.—Mon. Pal. Soc. 1852, Dp. 99, ple xy. fig.6:
Planorbis (Helisoma) euomphalus.—Cossmann, Ann. Soc. R. Mal. Belgique, 1889, vol. xxiv. p. 334, pl. i. figs. 41-42.
Two specimens belonging to this species have been selected for illustration and remark on account of their eccentric shapes. One (Fig. 11) displays a curious distortion which has taken place on the inferior or umbilical surface of the test (regarding this as dextral), giving the appearance of a double kind of growth or twinning. From an examination of the aperture this is clearly one shell, as beyond a sharp depression in the outer lip there is no indication of a diaphragm of any kind. Notwithstanding this resemblance to a secondary growth the depth of the entire shell corresponds with that of the species under ordinary circumstances; in fact, in all other respects it does not depart from the normal form.
The next specimen (Fig. 10) represents the outer whorl disengaged from the earlier volutions, and continuing a spiral course with the aperture directed upwards. The basal view exhibits the younger portion of the spiral system intact, and forming the umbilical cavity. There is a line of weakness on the fifth whorl, possibly a fracture sustained during the life of the mollusc, which would probably account for this unusual departure in its growth.
Formation.—Oligocene (Headon Beds). Locality.—Headon Hill.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VE
Fie. 1.—Entaliopsis annulata. n.sp.
2.—Limnea Headonensis, n.sp.
3.—Megaspira monodonta, n.sp.
4.—Cochlicopa Headonensis, n.sp.
5.—Isthmia dubia, n.sp.
6.—Pupa multispirata, n.sp.
7-9.—Pitharella Rickmani, F. E. Edwards.
10, 11.—Planorbis euomphalus, J. Sowerby (monstrosities).
», 12.— - incertus, wis 13.—Vitrea Sconciensis, n.s
>). )
», 14.—_,, leia, n.sp
15.—Helix Screg labosal ? Orb. [juv.].
KUNG | ‘HONOW) WALTIVA
"BOS ‘Awwnuve puss ‘Iomnsvoiy, ‘SIMUV]T ‘OTD
"4091109 Oq 0} JWOTIAYLyS
aAoqe ay} puy oa puv ‘Ayowoog [worsopoovye]Y oY} JO Lomnsvory, oy} JO spunoy oy} pouruUXo Avp sty} oavy OA,
G €9F 0 6 &9F LT ¥E : puey_, Ul oouvpeg Oy Malas 5 + + gnoTyeAsNIT] Toy suorzwuoyy ‘ 0 OLS <° ° * ssUrIpssd01g ,, Ul S}WOMsTPOAp VY ef O'S] -6. 2's c ¢ 0 ; * guepusyyy 07 Agmyean “ Os es * sroqmoeyy Sutpuodsart0/) Ol’ °° * ° * SsSurjeoyy toy sareyD jo cmt, ** 9 IL ITF °° * Stoquoeyy AreurprC sie ° °° * * * Azeuoyx7g pue seseysog “| —ro0mvapy ut suoydiosqng jenuuy ‘ Sle «© ~~ ~)* “ojo ‘susjnomg ‘sey suguug “ |.0 6I° LPO aa el tl — (iyo) Faas) * sroquloyy Surpuodsaa10/ eS ie er a” * Suryeaysnq{ fT] 0 F IF ° * sxoquoyy Areurpsg 0 0 ZF sosvysog pue sulyuitg —: suoyjdiosqng [enuay * =< seuipeeoorg.,, jogwopeag | 0 2 £ ~*~ = * + + gorptsodmoy ofrT OF, ees 7 Be) ES eid
‘p
‘e681 WTIMTOAC BIS ONIGNA UVAA AHL XOX AMOLIGNAdUXA UNV AMOINT
‘NOGNOT &O ALHIOOS
TVOIDOTOOVIVN
CHARLES JEFFERYS,
NATURALIST AND TAXIDERMIST, aL SEReING Sy
British and Foreign Birds’ Eggs, Skins, Shells, Lepidoptera, , Crustaceans, Echinoderms, Etc.
ALL KINDS OF APPARATUS AND REQUISITES FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, OOLOGISTS, TAXIDERMISTS, ETC.,
NORTH AMERICAN BIRD-SKINS and EGGS a SPECIALITY. Special Attention given to British Shells.
CLEARING A LARGE COLLECTION OF FOREIGN SHELLS AT SPECIAL PRICES,
Catalogues on receipt of stamp.
Applications for Advertisements in these Proceedings should be made to the Secretary, E. R. Sykes, Esq.. F.Z.8., 18, Doughty Street, E.C.
oo -
baa
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 79
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. Fripay, Frsruary 9TH, 1894.
Dr. H. Woopwarp, F.R.S., ete., President, in the Chair.
H. W. Monckton and Col. Wilmer were appointed Scrutineers.
The following Report of the Council for the year 1893 was read :-— ‘‘Your Council in presenting their first Annual Report have to congratulate the Society on the position and numerical strength attained in the short time which has elapsed since its foundation.
Inaugurated on the 27th of February, 1893, with seventy original members, its strength on the 31st of December stood as follows :
Qrdinary members, =. = <9/= = 8 -sy.8 8 -= o=)=., 92 Corresponding members - - - - - - - = = = = 34 Motala=) (= = 126
Ten candidates, who have since been elected, were nominated at the December meeting.
It is gratifying to record the large number of corresponding members, nearly one-half of whom are Australasian, enrolled during the past year, thus indicating a widespread sympathy with the objects of the Society.
The Society has to deplore the loss of the eminent malacologist Dr. Paul Fischer, by death: one member has resigned.
The total receipts up to the 31st December amount to £63 2s. 0Od., including one life composition, £7 7s. Od. ; whilst the total expenditure for the same period amounts to £28 5s. Od., thus leaving a balance in the hands of the Treasurer of £34 17s. 0d. To this sum must be added the subscriptions in arrear, amounting to £11 1ds. 6d., making a total of £46 12s. 6d. in favour of the Society.
With reference to the comparatively large number of subscriptions in arrear it should be remarked that they chiefly refer to members elected during the last month of the year, many of whom reside abroad and have had no opportunity of remitting their subscriptions prior to the closing of the accounts.
A certain number of copies of Part I. of the ‘ Proceedings’ have been kept in stock, and your Council regard this as a valuable asset. There are no outstanding liabilities against the Society of any kind whatsoever.
This result cannot be regarded otherwise than as extremely satis- factory, and it may be pointed out that had the receipts extended over one year, instead of ten months only, a still larger balance in favour of the Society might reasonably have been anticipated.
One number of the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Society has been issued.
VOL. I.—JUNE, 1894. 6
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
It contains 31 pages of letterpress and two plates, besides illustrations in the text.
Your thanks are due to the following gentlemen, who have borne a large proportion of the expense of the illustrations :—Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, G. B. Sowerby, Martin F. Woodward, H. Fulton, and E. R. Sykes. A second number, containing the papers read up to January 12th, 1894, is now in course of preparation, and will, it is hoped, be very shortly in the hands of the members.
The earlier meetings were held at 67, Chancery Lane, and the later ones at Burlington House. Your best thanks are due to Messrs. Schofield and Harris for the use of their room in Chancery Lane, and to the Council of the Linnean Society, through whose kindness we are now permitted to use their meeting-room.
The papers read at these meetings either have been, or will be, noticed in the ‘ Proceedings.’
An important feature of the meetings has been the exhibits, which have been both numerous and valuable.
Now that, thanks to the Linnean Society, this Society has the use of an admirable meeting-room, conveniently situated, it is earnestly hoped that members will attend the meetings as frequently as possible, and that they will avail themselves of Rule IV., which permits members to introduce their friends.
In conclusion your Council would point out that the welfare of such a Society as the Malacological depends very largely on keeping up and increasing the membership; and they would urge upon members the desirability of making the aims and objects of the Society well known to all their friends and correspondents who are students of Malacology.”’
On the motion of Mr. E. A. Smith, seconded by Mr. W. Mark Webb, the Report was adopted as the Annual Report of the Society.
The Scrutineers reported that the following were duly elected as the Officers and Council for the ensuing year :—
President.—Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S., Pres. G.S.
Vice-Presidents—W. H. Hudleston, M.A., F.R.S.; J. C. Melvill, M.A., F.L.S.; E. A. Smith, F.Z.S.; Rev. R. Boog Watson, LL.D., F.L.S.
Treasurer.—G. F. Harris, F.G.S.
Secretary.—E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.Z.S.
Editor.—B. B. Woodward, F.G.S., F.R.M.S.
Other Members of Council.—G. C. Crick, F.G.S.; W. Crouch, F.Z.8.; Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S.; R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S.; John Ponsonby, F.Z.8.; G. B. Sowerby, FuL.S., 2.2.8.
The thanks of the Society were unanimously voted to the officers and members of Council retiring from office, to the Auditors, and to the Scrutineers.
This terminated the Annual General Meeting.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 81
ORDINARY MEETING. Frimay, Frsruary 91H, 1894. Dr. H. Woopwarp, F.R.S., etc., President, in the Chair.
The following were elected Members of the Society :—Baron Jules de Guerne, R. J. Lechmere Guppy, J. H. Hart, Dr. H. Simroth, and Bryant Walker.
The following papers were read :—
1. ‘On the Land-Shells of W. Australia and the neighbouring Islands,” by E. A. Smith, F.Z.S.
2. ‘‘ Descriptions of new Chinese Clausilie” (Part I.), by Dr. O. Boettger and B. Schmacker.
By permission of the Council of the Linnean Society, Mr. J. E. Harting exhibited and made some remarks upon the original collection of shells formed by Linné, and catalogued in 1855 by Hanley.
Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited a reversed specimen of Lrttorina littorea, Linn.
Mr. G. F. Harris exhibited specimens of Belosepia and Beloptera from the Paris Basin.
Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited a collection of the British Rissoae.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Frmay, Marcu 9ru, 1894. Dr. H. Woopwarp, F.R.S., etc., President, in the Chair.
The following were elected Members of the Society :—C. Quaife, Prof. Ralph Tate, and Dr. J. C. Verco.
The following papers were read :—
1. ‘‘On the value of Ancylastrum,” by Charles Hedley, F.L.S.
2. ‘Revision of the British Eocene Cephalopoda,” by R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S., and G. F. Harris, F.G.S.
3. ‘Descriptions of new Chinese Clausilie”’ (Part I1.), by Dr. O. Boettger and B. Schmacker.
4. ‘**On the South African Polyplacophora,” by E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S.
5. ‘Note on the variation and distribution of Bulimus oblongus, Mill.,” by E. A. Smith, F.Z.S.
Mr. 8. J. Da Costa exhibited specimens of Cyclotus from Bogota, and of Cyclostoma from Africa and Madagascar.
Mr. Smith exhibited specimens of Bulimus oblongus, Miill.,