FLORA

BOREALI-AMERICANA;

OR, THE

DIT ANY

OF THE

NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA:

COMPILED PRINCIPALLY FROM

THE PLANTS COLLECTED BY Dr RICHARDSON & Mk DRUMMOND ON THE LATE NORTHERN EXPEDITIONS, UNDER COMMAND OF CAPTAIN SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, R.N.

TE, ER TO WHICH ARE ADDED

X

(BY PERMISSION OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDON;) THOSE OF Mr DOUGLAS, FROM NORTH-WEST AMERICA, AND OF OTHER NATURALISTS ;

" H BY

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, KH, LL.D., ER; A, € L.S.,

MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATURE CURIOSORUM, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, ETC., ETC., AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW,

+

ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS PLATES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR COLONIAL AFFAIRS. E

VOL. II.

E 2

LONDON: HENRY G. BOHN, No. 4, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

WHBOOcOXLI. =

6 gr. id? nd eor BER AEA

WK eye Y r t Së? dun " m IR TIRDI ad

Zb vos AA

Hooker (Sir William),Flora boreali- americana

Vol. II. Part 7 in 1834, See—lasi—notw, The following dates are taken from the copy in the Library of the British Museum, as those when - the respective parts were received by the Principal Librarian, and denoted by stamping.

Part. 8, pp. 49= 96 in July 1858. » di a 97-144 (same date).

" 10, " 145-192 Jan. 1, 1839. " 43? " 193-241 Nov. 15,1839. " 32! " 241 to end,July 8, 1840.

From [Herbier Boissier Bulletin 1:298. 1893

FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA.

(Orv. LI. COMPOSITA, Zinn.; continued from Vol. I.) Trib. V. AsrEROoIDExX. Less.

Subtrib. I. Asterez. Less. Capitula nunquam dioica, plerumque heterogama, floribus 9 in ambitu aut uni- aut, si pluriserialibus, corollas tunc lingulatas gerentibus, Joris busque $ in centro. Rachis plerumque ebracteolata aut, ubi bracteolata, pappus per- fectus et multiradiatus. nthere ecaudate. Less.

59. SOLIDAGO.* L.

Radius femineus uniserialis. Discus hermaphroditus. Pappus uniserialis, pilosus Achenium teretiusculum, multicostatum.—Herbe plerumque Americane et elate, pauciores. Europee vel Asiatice, foliis alternis integris: capitulis parviusculis luteis plerumque in cymas scorpioides dispositis et secundis; involucris imbricatis, polyphyllis, rachis (seu receptacu- lum) nuda. Less.

* Racemis secundis; foliis subtriplinerviis.

l. S. Canadensis; caule villoso erecto, foliis lanceolatis serratis triplinerviis scabris, racemis paniculatis secundis recurvis, ligulis abbreviatis. Ait.—Linn.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 210. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 389.— B. foliis angustioribus, floribus minus secundis.

Has. Throughout Canada, and from Lake Huron to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. £. Columbia. Douglas.—A very polymorphous plant, as Willdenow well observes, varying in the height of the stem, in the entire or serrated leaves, and in the greater orlesser depth of the serratures. One specimen which I possess, tallying with the S. Canadensisof Herb. Banks., is from Boston, and has much more numerous leaves,

* A genus, Lessing observes, only differing from Aster in its rounded, many-ribbed, not plano-compressed and bicostate achenia, but easily distinguished by the habit, and by the colour (yellow) of the flowers.—In the determination of the species, attended perhaps with more difficulty than that of the species of amy other genus, save its near ally, Aster, I have been greatly aided by Dr. Boott. As the Hortus Kewensis was the authority for a considerable number of species, the comparison of specimens with the Banksian Herbarium, where original specimens are preserved, became essentially necessary: and this Dr. Boott has most kindly accomplished for me. Still, as to the limits of the species, or the value of the relative characters, I dare scarcely offer any opinion.

VOL. II. A

2 COMPOSITE. [Solidago.

and smaller flowers than our other specimens. The y. of Herb. Banks. and Hort, Kew. foliis subtus villosis, we have from Canada. Messrs. Lay and Colley have gathered S. Canadensis in California. lt is omitted by Michaux.

2. S. procera; caule villoso erecto, foliis lanceolatis serratis triplinerviis scabris subtus villosis, racemis spiciformibus erectis interruptis nutantibus, ligulis abbreviatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 535. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33.

Has. Canada. Pursh.—Woody country between lat. 54? and 64°.

3. S. serotina; caule erecto tereti levi, foliis lineari-lanceolatis glabris margine asperis serratis triplinerviis, racemis paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1.v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535.—B8. minor; foliis angustioribus.

Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Columbia River and De e America. Dr. Scouler.—f. Saskatchawan. Drummond.

4. S. gigantea; caule erecto glabro, foliis lanceolatis glabris serratis margine scabris triplinerviis, racemis paniculatis secundis, pedunculis hirtis, ligulis abbreviatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 1. v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535.—9. racemis brevioribus obtusis.

Has. Canada. Cleghorn. Plains of the Red River. Douglas. Fort Vancouver, Dr. Scouler.—f8. Sas- katchawan. Drummond.

5. S. lateriflora; caule erecto pilosiusculo, foliis lanceolatis subtriplinerviis glabris margine scabris, inferioribus subserratis, racemis paniculatis subrecurvis secundis. Ait.— Linn.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 536. Elliott, Carol. v, 2, p. 310.

Han. Canada. Pursh.— Not more than half the size of S. Canadensis; flowers larger than any of this division." .PA.— Probably all the * triple-nerved" species might, without violence to nature, merge into one,

* * Hacemis secundis; foliis venosis.

6. S. altissima; caule erecto hirto, foliis lanceolatis scaberrimis rugosis serratis enerviis, paniculis secundis. Ae. —Linn.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 212. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 536. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 511.

Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Mr. Cleghorn.

7. S. rugosa; caule erecto hirto, foliis lanceolatis inferioribus adpresso-serratis scaber- rimis rugosis, racemis paniculatis secundis patentissimis, JVilld.— Mill. Dict.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 2058. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 537. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 574.—S. altissima. ? Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 213.

Has. Canada. Pursh, Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. (Small and young specimens.)

8. S. villosa; caule erecto villoso, foliis lanceolatis molliusculis serratis enervibus, racemis paniculatis secundis. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 537. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 312.— S, pilosa. Mill. Dict.—S. altissima, 8. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 212.

Has. Canada, Lady Dalhousie. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. :

Solidago.| COMPOSITE. 3

9. S. nemoralis; caule erecto tomentoso, foliis caulinis lanceolatis hispidis integerrimis, radicalibus subcuneiformibus serratis, racemis paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3 p: 213. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 537. Elliott; Carol. v. 2. p. 313.

Han. Canada, Pursh. Dr. Holmes. Goldie. Mr. Cleghorn. Red River. Mr. Douglas. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—The grey aspect of this plant, mentioned by Pursh, is very striking in my specimens.

10. S. juncea; caule erecto glabro, foliis lanceolatis glabris margine seabris, inferioribus serratis, racemis. paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 213. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 315? Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33.

Has. Woody country between lat. 54%, and 649. Dr. Richardson.

11. S. arguta; caule erecto glabro, foliis glabris argute inzequaliter serratis, caulinis ellipticis, radicalibus ovato-oblongis, racemis paniculatis secundis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 213. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 538. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 374.

Haz. Canada, Pursh.—1 possess no specimen of this from the British Settlements; but I have very beautiful ones from Dr. Darlington and Mr. Townsend from Pennsylvania, which have been compared with those in the Banksian Herbarium. -

12. S. asperata ; caule paniculato-corymboso, racemis suberectis, floribus adscendentibus, foliis lanceolatis serratis scabris. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 528.

Has. Canada. Herb. Banks.

13. S. sempervirens; caule erecto glabro, foliis lineari-lanceolatis subcarnosis levibus integerrimis margine scabris, racemis paniculatis secundis, pedunculis pilosis. Ait. — Linn. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 214. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 538. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p.919.

Has. Canada. Pursh.—My Herbarium contains only one specimen of this, from Dr. Darlington of West Chester, received as “ S. limoniifolia,” which exactly corresponds with S. Sempervirens of Banks. Herb.

14. S. odora; caule erecto pubescente, foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis glabris margine scabris, racemis paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. l. v. 3. p. 214. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 539. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p..376. Plukn. Alm. t. 116. f. 6.

Har. Canada. Pursh.—Of this, likewise, I possess no British-American specimens ; but I have numer- ous ones from the United States. Pursh says * It is most generally and principally known among the

inhabitants by the name of Golden-rod, and used as a wholesome tea. The flowers, gathered when fully expanded and carefully dried, give a most agreeable substitute for tea, which for some time has been an

article of exportation to China, where: it fetches a high price.” * * * Racemis erectis ; foliis venosis.

15. S. bicolor; caule fohisque ellipticis pilosis, inferioribus serratis, ramis foliolosis, racemis erectis, involucri foliolis obtusis. Ait. — Linn.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 216. Mich. Am. v.2. p. 116. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 8. p. 531. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 382.

Has. Canada, Pursh. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Rays of the flowers said to be nearly white: but

4 COMPOSITE. [Solidago.

the Saskatchawan specimens appear to be yellow, as do some from Dr. Short (Kentucky); while others in the same Collection seem to be white.

16. S. lanata; tota arachnoideo-lanata, foliis spathulato-lanceolatis adpresso-serratis inferioribus petiolatis superioribus parvis integerrimis, racemis erectis terminalibus Ser: plicibus, involucri foliolis obtusis glabriusculis.

Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan, near the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—There is only one specimen of this very well marked species in the Collection. It will rank between S. bicolor and S. petiolaris.

17. S. stricta; caule erecto glabro, foliis caulinis lanceolatis integerrimis glabris margine scabris, radicalibus serratis, racemis paniculatis erectis, pedunculis glabris. Ait. Hort. Kew.

ed. 1. v. 3. p. 216. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 540. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 383. Rich. in Frankl. Let Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33.

Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Woody country between lat. 54° and 64%. Dr. Richardson. . Carlton House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 1

18. S. confertiflora; ( Nutt. MSS. in Herb. Boott. ) robusta, caule crasso superne pubes- cente, foliis glabris inferioribus latissimis ovali-spathulatis serratis acutis marginibus scabris, superioribus sessilibus lanceolato-ellipticis integerrimis, racemis glomeratis rigidis pubescen- tibus, involucri multiflori foliolis squamosis, radiis elongatis 10—12.— S. squamosa. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 161. (non Muhl.)—S. glomerata. Mich.? (Boott.) Elliott, Carol. v. 2 p.381?

Has. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Mr. Goldie. Lady Dalhousie.—1 have received this very fine and dis- tinct species from about Boston, (B. D. Greene, Esq.) and from New-York and New-Jersey. (Dr. Torrey.)

19. S. levigata; caule erecto levi, foliis lanceolatis carnosis integerrimis undique levibus, racemis paniculatis erectis, pedunculis squamosis villosis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 215. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 541.

Has. Canada. Pursh.—My specimen from the New England States, which has been compared with the one in the Banksian Herbarium, does not appear to me to differ from S. Mexicana, L., of which, too, Pursh seems to consider it a variety.

20. S. viminea; caule, erecto subpubescente, foliis lineari-lanceolatis membranaceis basi attenuatis glabris margine scabris, infimis subserratis, racemis erectis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 215. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 541.

Has. Canada. Pursh.

21. S. macrophylla; folis inferioribus ovatis acuminatis attenuatis inzequaliter argute serratis glabris, caulinis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis subsessilibus serratis, racemis axil- laribus pedunculatis foliosis longitudine foliorum, involucris oblongis turgidis multifloris, ligulis subelongatis. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 542,

Ha». Canada. Herb. Banks. (Ph.)

22. S. flexicaulis; caule (plerumque) flexuoso glabro angulato, foliis serratis glabris, race- mis erectis glomeratis axillaribus folio multo seine foliis Janceolatis.—S. flexicaulis. Linn. Herb. (fide Boott.) Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 317. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2 p. 542. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 386.—S. axillaris. Herb. Banks.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2.

$

Solidago.] COMPOSITE. 5

p. 542,— S. cesia, Linn. (not in Herb. Linn.) Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 217. Pursh, El. Am, v. 2. p. 540. Dill. Elth. t. 307. f: 395.—8. latifolia; foliis ovatis superioribus minori- bus, racemis subpaniculatis.— JVilld.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 542.—S. latifolia. Linn. Herb. ( Boott.)

Has. «.and f. Throughout Canada.—I possess specimens which are exactly intermediate between S. Jlexicaulis and S. latifolia. L.

23. S. Virgaurea; caule erecto tereti pubescenti (in nostr. exempl. subangulato glabro, ) superne (nunc) ramoso, foliis inferioribus ellipticis pilosiusculis serratis, racemis erectis (compositis subsolitariis,) ligulis elongatis. 4it.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 301. Pursh, Fl. Am.

v. 2. p. 542? Has. Labrador? Kohlmeister ; (Surely this must be S. multiradiata.) Woody country between lat.

54% and 64°. Dr. Richardson. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Our specimens are mostly glabrous, and are nearly a foot high, agreeing with our British var. called Cambrica. The same is found by Mr. Greene near

the summit of Mount Washington, on the White Mountains, U. S.

24. S. multiradiata; caule villosiusculo, foliis sessilibus lanceolatis glabris ciliatis, inferi- oribus apice serratis, racemo terminali erecto (dense corymboso) ligulis elongatis numer- osis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 218. Pursh, FL, Am. v. 2. p. 542.—S. Virgaurea. Ph. ?

Has. Labrador. (Herb. Banks.) Kohlmeister. Dr. Morrison. Bay of Eschscholtz. Chami Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson.—Most of my specimens of this plant have the terminal raceme forming a broad dense corymb or head ; in which particular almost alone does it differ from S. Virgaurea; and the Rocky Mountain specimens appear almost intermedi- ate. Chamisso's S. Virgaurea, in my Herbarium, from Kotzebue’s Sound, is the same as our S. multiradi-

ata, and I fear the two can hardly be considered more than varieties.

25. S. humilis; gracilis, caule erecto simplici glabro, foliis lanceolatis glabris inferioribus longe petiolatis serratis superioribus linearibus integerrimis, racemo elongato terminali solitario erecto.—Herb. Banks. MSS. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 543. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33.

Has. Woody country between lat. 54°. and 64°. Dr. Richardson.— This, although the true plant of the Banksian Herbarium, I am inclined to consider only an elongated and slender variety of S, Virgaurea; the very opposite extreme, in the same species, of S. multiradiata.

96. S. elata; caule piloso tereti, foliis lanceolatis subtus pilosiusculis, racemis erectis, ligulis elongatis. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 543.

Has. North-west coast of America. Mr. Menzies.—1 regret that my specimen, which is a very indiffer- ent one, will not allow me to offer any additional character to what I find in Pursh.

27. S. rigida; caule foliisque ovato-oblongis pilosis scabris, caulinis integerrimis, in- fimis serratis, ramis floriferis paniculatis, racemis compactis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 216, Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 543. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 390.

His, Saskatchawan (Drummond) and Red River. Douglas. About Carlton House. Dr. Richardson.

6 COMPOSITE. [ Aster.

(Flores glomerati, fastigiato-corymbosi; radii valde minuti. Foliis angustis integerrimis. Euthamia, Nutt.)

98. S. lanceolata; caule erecto glabro ramosissimo, foliis lineari-lanceolatis scabriusculis integerrimis trinerviis, flosculis radii vix disco longioribus.— Lin».— Mant.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 214.— Mich, Am. v. 2. p. 116. («.) Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 540. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. (Euthamia.)—S. graminifolia. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p.162. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 391.—P. foliis angustioribus. S. tenuifolia. Rich. in Frankl. Ist Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. (non Pursh.) —Chrysocoma graminifolia. Linn.

Has. Throughout Canada to lat, 64°. Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Douglas. —This plaut seems univer- sally diffused through all the woody country of North America. I possess it from California and from Louisiana. Dr. Gillies found it at Mendoza, in extra-tropical South America. I have referred the S. tenui- folia of Richardson to-a state of this plant, rather than considered it the. S. cenuifolia of Pursh, which is a southern plant, its extreme northern limit being, I believe, New Jersey.

53. ASTER.* Cass Nees. (AsTERIS sp. L.)

Radius foemineus fertilis. Involueri foliola vel laxa pleraque foliacea, vel imbricata nervoque medio e basi membranacea in apicis discum herbaceum rhombeum expanso prze- dita. Flosculi pisci tubo limboque discretis. Achenia cuneiformia, compressa, glabra, vel pubescentia et hirta. Pappus simplex, persistens, scaber. Receptaculum alveolatum. Nees.

Sect. I. Axpiceni. Nees. Ast. p. 94.

1. A. alpinus; folis radicalibus spathulatis caulinisque integerrimis, involucri foliolis lanceolatis laxis, caule uniflora. ` Nees.— Linn.— Bot. Mag. t. 199. Nees, Ast. p. 26.

Has. On the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains in lat, 549. Drummond.—Mr. Lindley marks this “ exactly A. alpinus, var. Dahuricus.’ It also precisely corresponds with my Swiss specimens.

2. A. salsuginosus; foliis lato-lanceolatis acutis subintegerrimis venosis inferioribus in petiolum longe attenuatis reliquis sessilibus caule uni-paucifloro, involucri squamis linearibus acutis pubescentibus subsquarrosis disco vix duplo, radio plus triplo longioribus.— RicA. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 32. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2942, Nees, Ast. p. 29.—8. foliis angustioribus.

Han. Salt plains of the Athabasca. Dr. Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Messrs. Lay and Collie.—8. N. West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies.

3. A. pygmeus; ( Lindl.) foliis ovato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis glabris, caule unifloro villoso, involucro hemispheerico laxo subsquarroso villosissimo, foliolis linearibus obtusis. Lindl. MSS. ;

* The whole of my Collection of this extensive. Genus has been named by the kindness of Dr, Boott and Professor Lindley; the former of whom may be considered excellent authority for the Linnean and Banksian species: the latter for those of Nees von Esenbeck, whose arrangement I have implicitly followed. Professor Lindley has likewise deter- mined and characterized the new species. For more full characters of the Genus Aster and its divisions, as well as other genera of the Asteree, than I can here give, I must refer to the valuable “ Genera et Species Asterearum” of Dr. Nees von Esenbeck. :

E

Aster] COMPOSITE. 1

Han, Arctic sea-coast, Dr. Richardson.—" A. salsuginoso affinis," / Lindi.) and perhaps only a dwarf, or hairy variety of it.

4. A. Richardsonii; radice repente, caule ramoso uni-multifloro ad apicem dense to- mentoso, foliis late oblongis remote dentatis subtus breviter pilosis, calycibus squarrosis, flosculis radii numerosis angustis. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 3. p. 258. Nees, Ast. p. 30.—A. montanus. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32. (non Nutt.)—A. salsuginosus. Less. in Linnea, v. 6. p. 124.—A. Espenbergensis. Nees, Ast. p. 86.—8. gigantea; magis tomentosus, caule foliisque profunde serratis duplo triplove majoribus.

Has. Barren country from lat. 64°. to the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso (in Herb. Nostr.)—£. About Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River.—The A. salsuginosus ? of Lessing, (A. Espenbergensis, Nees,) is certainly the 4. montanus of Dr. Richardson.

5. A. peregrinus; foliis oblongo-ellipticis ovatisve acutis integerrimis glabriusculis, caule erecto folioso 1-3-floro seriatim hirto, involucri biserialis foliolis lineari-acuminatis hirtis exterioribus herbaceis. Nees.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Nees, Ast. p. 33.—A. Tilesii. Wikstr.

Has. Unalaschka, Dr. Nelson (in Herb. Banks.) Chamisso.

6. A. Unalaschkensis ; foliis lanceolatis ovatove-lanceolatis acuminatis subserratis pubes- centi-scabris ciliatis; caule erecto 1-3-floro superne sparse villoso folioso, involucri sub- zequalis foliolis lineari-acuminatis herbaceis villosis. Nees.— Less. in Schlecht. Linnea, v. 4. p. 122.—Nees, Ast. p. 34.—8.? major; foliis acuminatis, caule multifloro.

Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—g. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Nees seems to consider this as scarcely distinct from A. Caucasicus, Willd. and that it may even be the same with A. pere- | grinus.—Specimens of our var. 8. in Mr. Drummond's Collection, which Professor Lindley marks “ ap- parently A. Unalaschkensis, Linn.” a species which I have not seen, are larger than A. Caucasicus; a foot and a half to two feet high, with very thin, membranaceous, indistinctly veined, and scarcely and only very distantly serrated leaves: the flowers similar, but more numerous.

Sect. IL Ame. Nees, Ast. p. 36.

"I. A. biflorus; foliis lanceolatis serratis scabris, involucri foliolis imbricatis ovatis, caule, subbifloro. Nees.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 114. Nees, Ast. p. 39.—A. strictus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556.

Han. Labrador and Hudson's Bay. Herb. Banks. (Pursh.)

8. A. conspicuus; (Lindl.) folis oblongis erectis basi angustatis grosse serratis pubes- centibus ambitu scabris, caule stricto apice corymboso, ramis erectis pubescentibus monoce- phalis aphyllis, involucri hemispheerici foliolis squamosis acuminatis inferioribus minoribus. Lindi. MSS.

Has. Carlton House on the Saskatchawan River to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—“ A. spec- tabili accedit, foliis latis fere omnibus grosse serratis distinguendus.” Lindl.

9. A. Radula; foliis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis medio argute serratis rugosis scaber- rimis, caule angulato glabriusculo corymboso, racemis paucifloris nudiusculis, involucri

8 COMPOSITE. [Aster.

foliolis plurifariam imbricatis oblongis acutiusculis apice patulis. Nees.—Ait. Hort, Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 210. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Nees, Ast. p. 43.

Has. Nova Scotia. (Ait) Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr. Morrison. Mr. Cormack.

10. A. ascendens; (Lindl.) foliis oblongo-linearibus subspathulatis elongatis integerri- mis glabris margine ciliato-scabris, caulibus ascendentibus simpliciter racemosis v. corym- bosis, involucri glabri foliolis numerosis acutis patulis. Lindl. MSS.

Has. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—* Ab A. Amello diversus glabritie longitudine foliorum involucrisque foliolis numerosis angustioribus acutioribus; habitu similis" Zindley; who further remarks that it comes nearest to a Caucasian form of A. Amellus.

11. A. spathulatus; (Lindl.) folis spathulatis obtusis integerrimis, ramorum basi dilatatis amplexicaulibus, caule simpliciter racemoso, pedunculis subaphyllis folio breviori- bus, involucri foliolis linearibus acutis erectis tomentosis. Lindl. MSS.

Has. Bear Lake and Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson.

12. A. modestus; (Lindl.) foliis lanceolatis acuminatis grosse serratis glabris, caule simplici folioso, corymbo paucifloro foliis supremis breviore, involucri foliolis linearibus acuminatis. Lindl. MSS.

Has. Mountain woods, at the mouth of the Smoking River, lat. 56°. Drummond.—* A. brumalem nanum refert, sed affinitate W. Anglie proxime sequitur.” Lindl.

13. A. Nove Anglie; foliis lanceolatis attenuatis auriculato-amplectentibus integerrimis hispido-scabris, caule stricto corymboso-composito, ramis arcuatis, involucri foliolis laxis angustis, Nees.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 549. Nees, Ast. p. 46. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 351.

Has. Canada, Pursh.—I possess no northern specimen of this plant. It is common throughout the United States, and is one of the most beautiful of the Genus.

Secr. III. Genvint. A. Heterophylli. Nees.

14. A. cordifolius; foliis cordatis serratis petiolatis supra scabris subtus pilosis, caule racemoso-paniculato, ramis paucifolis laxis, involucro arcte imbricato. Nees.— Linn.— Pursh, El. Am. v. 2. p. 552. Nees, Ast. p. 52. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 364.

Has. Throughout Canada; abundant.

15. A. paniculatus; folis cordatis serratis petiolatis supra scabris subtus glabris, caule ramisque racemoso-thyrsoideis foliosis strictis involucro laxe imbricato. Nees.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 207. Nees, Ast. p. 53.—var.6.? floribus majoribus, foliis subcarnosis, infimis solummodo subcordatis.

Has. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—d. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson,—“ Thereis,” as Dr. Boott justly observes, “ great confusion about the heart-leaved Asters. Mr. Nuttall says that A. paniculatus is not distinct from A. undulatus, and that A. heterophyllus is not distinct from A. cordifolius. Professor Lindley remarks, upon one of my specimens from Dr. Short, of A. paniculatus, that “it approaches A. undulatus,” The probability is that they are all forms of one and the same species: though I must observe that I have myself seen noacknowedged undulatus and Aeterophyllus from British North America.

Aster.) COMPOSITE. 9

16. A. sagittifolius; * foliis radicalibus petiolatis cordato-subsagittatis (vel et profunde cordatis) oblongis glabris insequaliter serratis margine scabris, caulinis ovato-oblongis in petiolum alatum contractis serratis glabris, caule racemoso-composito, involucro arcte im- bricato. Mees.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 8. p. 2035. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 551. Nees, Ast. p. 56. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 362.

Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Montreal Mr. Cleghorn. Red River. Douglas.

; B. Homophylli.

17. A. Cornuti; foliis oblongis profunde serratis in petiolum attenuatis supra pube minu- tissima adspersis subtus glabris margine scabris, caule ramoso-paniculato, involucro laxo imbricato. Nees.—«. caule multifloro, floribus minoribus, radio angustiore, ramis paniculee longioribus erectis. Nees.—Wendl.—Nees, Ast. p. 58.—A. Tradescanti. Hofm.—A. patulus. Lam.—A. tardiflorus. Herb. Linn. (fide Lindl.)

Has, Canada. Mr. Cleghorn.

18. A. acuminatus ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis in petiolum adnatum decurrentibus supra scabris subtus levibus, caule racemoso, ramis brevibus thyrsoideis simplicibusve, involucri laxe imbricati foliolis lanceolatis. Nees.—Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 109. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 555. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 27107. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 355.

Has. Canada. Mr. Cleghorn. Mrs. Sheppard. Lady Dalhousie. Mrs. Percival.

19. A. precoz ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis patenti-serratis in petiolum adnatum attenuatis glabris supra in ambitu scabris basin versus ciliatis, radicalibus ovatis petiolatis, caule race- moso, ramis paucifloris basi nudis, involucro laxo subeequali.— Nees.— Willd. En. Hort. Berol. Suppl. p. 58. Nees, Ast. p. 62. -

Haz. Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson.

20. A. ciliolatus (Lindl.) ; foliis omnibus ovatis medio argute serratis in petiolum abrupte angustatis ciliatis in ambitu scabris, caule simplici, capitulis axillaribus sessilibus v. brevi- pedicellatis subsolitariis, involucri foliolis erectis apice membranaceis. Lindl. MSS.

Has. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—" Valde affinis A. precoci; differt foliis abrupte nec sensim in

petiolum angustatis caulinisque radicalibus conformibus conspicue per totum ambitum ciliatis, capitulis sub- sessilibus dimidio minoribus, involucri foliolis non apice herbaceis, denique statura humili." Lindl.—The

very few specimens in the Collection are 6-8 inches high.

+ Allied to this is an interesting new species found by Dr. Short, on cliffs of the Kentucky River, which I am anxious should bear the name of its estimable discoverer, an excellent and liberal Botanist. Professor Lindley has favoured me with the following character and remarks :— id

« A. Shortii ; foliis subtus pilosiusculis ambitu scabris, caulinis alte eordato-lanceolatis acuminatis pone basin grosse serratis integrisve ramulorum cordato-ovatis omnibus petiolatis, petiolis apteris, caule racemoso vel racemoso-composito, involucro imbricato.— Rete foliorum maximum. A. diversifolio proximus, inter eam speciem et A. sagittifolium collo- foliis omnibus cordatis acuminatis petiolatis petiolisque ne minime quidem alatis apteris distinguendus,” Lind.

' 5 :

candus, VOL. II.

10 COMPOSITE. [Aster.

21. A. puniceus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus acuminatis medio adpresso- serratis supra scabris, caule hispido patulo-racemoso, ramis inferis racemosis, superis simpli- cibus, involucri laxi foliolis lineari-subulatis equalibus. Nees.—Linn. Hort. Cliff. p. 408. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 554. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 355.

Has. Canada to Hudson's Bay.

22. A. vimineus ; foliis lanceolatis amplectentibus longe acuminatis medio subulato-ser- ratis margine scabris, caule racemoso-composito pyramidali levi, ramis virgatis apice race- mosis, involucri laxi foliolis lanceolato-linearibus subzequalibus. Nees.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 2046. Nees, Ast. p. 68.

Has. Canada. (Vees.) Lake Huron. Dr. T'odd.—This is Nees’ A. vimineus: but Dr. Boott considers it as probably a variety of A. puniceus.

23. A. laxifolius; foliis anguste lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis mucronato-serrulatis flaccidis supra scabris, caule scabro racemoso-composito angusto, ramis apice racemosis vel subcompositis, involucri foliolis linearibus squarrosis floris primarii subaequalibus. Nees, Ast. p. 59.— A. salicifolius. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. App. p. 148. (excl. syn.) — A. longifolius. Nees, Syn. Ast. p. 26.—8. foliis angustioribus fere integerrimis.

Has. Woody country from lat 54° to 64°. Dr. Richardson. Rocky Mountains, in swampy places, to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Near Quebec. Mrs. Percival.—8. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—This is a very distinct and well marked species. The more northern specimens have the narrowest leaves. I possess the same plant from Philadelphia, sent to me by Dr. Griffith.

24. A. amplus (Lindl.) ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis margine scabris subintegerrimis, caule simplici subcorymboso, ramis unifloris subaphyllis, involucro laxo imbricato. Lindl. MSS.

Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—A. brumali affinis: foliis capitulisque multo majoribus, caule simplici subcorymboso ramisque rigidis pilosis fere aphyllis nec virgatis glabris foliosis, bene distinguitur ? Lindl.

25. A. blandus; foliis subamplexicaulibus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis serratis glabris, caule pyramidato-ramoso, ramis axillaribus racemifloris folio vix longioribus, pedunculis tomentosis nudis, involucris laxis subzequalibus disco brevioribus. Herb. Banks. MSS.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 555. Nees, Ast. p. 16.

Has. Canada. (Herb. Banks.)

26. A. luxurians; folis ovali-oblongis vel lanceolatis acuminatis basi attenuata amplec- tentibus medio argute serratis supra scabris glaucescentibus, caule paniculato, ramis apice corymboso-racemosis, ramulis unifloris, involucri foliolis laxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acutis. Nees, Ast. p. 83.—A. Novi Belgii. Nutt. (fide Nees.)—8. caule magis composito magisque piloso-lineato.— A. luxurians, Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 3. p. 538.

Haz. 6, Canada. Mrs. Percival.— This, which Professor Lindley,and, I doubt not, correctly, refers to A. luzurians 8. of Nees, Dr. Boott considers A. tardiflorus, Nees, (not Linn.) while another, equally quoted by Dr. Lindley under A. luzurians, 8. Dr. Boott calls A. Novi Belgii,3. minor. The three are perhaps not

really different.—Nearly allied to this is a specimen of an Aster from Dr. Sensei the Columbia, which Professor Lindley inclines to refer to A, asper.

Aster] COMPOSITE. 11

27. A. adulterinus ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis mucronatis amplectentibus leevibus margine scabris, caule e basi paniculato-decomposito, ramis corymboso-racemosis, involucri obovati subeequalis foliolis spathulato-lanceolatis squarrosis post florescentiam magis auctis. Nees. —Willd.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558.

Haz. Straits of De Fuca. Dr. Scouler.—Dr. Nees von Esenbeck doubts if this may not be a variety of A. Novi Belgii.

28. A. Douglasii ( Lindl.) ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis versus basin angustatis glabris om- nibus (exceptis supremis) serratis, caule racemoso-composito, ramis pauce foliosis oligocephalis laxe corymbosis, involucri laxi subzequalis foliolis linearibus acutis. Lindl. MSS.—«. ramis abbreviatis pleiocephalis, capitulis minoribus.—£. ramis gracilioribus elongatis oligocephalis subaphyllis, capitulis majoribus. Lindl.

Han. a. Common on the N. W. Coast, near the confluence of the Columbia, in open undulating grounds. Douglas.—f. De Fuca. Dr. Scouler.— A. eminenti proximus." Lindl.

29. A. bellidiflorus ; foliis lanceolatis adpresso-serrulatis margine scabris ramulorum lan- ceolato-acuminatis subulatisve apice recurvis, caule stricto racemoso-decomposito suprade- compositove angusto inferne glaberrimo albo-virgato purpurascenteve, ramis apice racemosis racemosove-compositis, floribus confertis, involucri foliolis imbricatis linearibus acutis, interioribus apice ssepe coloratis. Nees.— Willd. Hort. Berol. v. 2. p. 886. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 554. Nees, Ast. p. 97.

Has. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Dr. Holmes. Saskatchawan. Drummond. Red River. Douglas.— This certainly bears considerable resemblance to A. lazifolius, Nees, to which indeed Dr. Boott refers it.

30. A. parviflorus ; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis medio argute serratis supra in ambitu scabris ramulorum (pedunculorum) linearibus acutis patentibus, caule racemoso-decomposito ramisque apice corymbosis strictis, involucri foliolis imbricatis linearibus acutis, radii ligula lineari foliolis involucri interioribus paullo longiore. Nees, Ast. p. 99.

Has. Canada. Pursh. Dr. Holmes.

31. A. Lamarckianus; folis lanceolatis acuminatis adpresso-serratis supra scaberrimis ramulorum lanceolato-acuminatis patentibus, caule piloso-lineato racemoso-decomposito coarctato, ramis paniculato-racemosis, involucri laxi subzequalis foliolis linearibus. Nees, Ast. p. 100.—A. Tradescanti. JVilld.—A. paniculatus. Lam.

Has. Canada. (Lamarck.) Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—To me this appears very similar to the preceding. Nees considers it unlike any species but A. divergens.

32. A. divergens ; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis medio mucronato-serratis in ambitu scabris ramulorum oblongo-lanceolatis basi attenuatis integerrimis mucronulatis patentibus, caule piloso-lineato racemoso-composito, ramis sequalibus patentibus, involucri foliolis imbricatis lanceolatis. Nees.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 205. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 357. Nees, Ast. p. 100.

Has, Canada. Mrs. Sheppard.

12 COMPOSITE. [Aster.

33. A. falcatus (Lindl.); foliis linearibus obtusis falcatis pilosiusculis, caule piloso anguste racemoso subcomposito, ramulis brevibus monocephalis paucifoliis, involucri laxi parum imbricati foliolis linearibus acutiusculis.

Has. Arctic America. Dr. Richardson.—* Facies est omnino A. hiemalis, sed vera affinitas cum A. fragili ; folia inferiora Bupleuro falcato similia,” Lindl, i

34. A. Tradescanti; foliis linearibus acuminatis margine ciliato-scabris inferioribus a medio argute remote serratis ramorum ramulorumque patentibus mucronatis, caule glabri- usculo ramoso subcomposito patulo apice simpliciter racemoso, ramis virgatis, ramulis sub- secundis, involucro imbricato. Vees.—Linn. Hort. Cliff-— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 358.

Has. Canada. Pursh. Dr. Holmes.

35. A. ericoides ; foliis linearibus angustis integerrimis glaberrimis, caule glabro racemoso- composito, ramis virgatis, ramulis subsecundis ab apice remotis, involucri brevis foliolis imbricatis apice subulato-patulis. Nees.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 113. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 546. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 348.

Has. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan, and towards the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Red River. Douglas.

36. A. diffusus; foliis caulinis lanceolatis, ramis oblongo-lanceolatis medio serratis supra scabriusculis margine scaberrimis, caule pubescenti racemoso-composito, ramis recurvato- patentibus, floribus subsecundis confertis, involucri imbricati foliolis acutis. Nees.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 1. v. 3. p. 111. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 110.—A. diver- gens B. diffusus. Nutt.

Has. Canada. Pursh. Mrs. Sheppard. Cleghorn.

37. A. miser; foliis caulinis oblongo-cuneiformibus acuminatissimis medio serratis rameisque ovalibus subintegerrimis supra pubescenti-scabris, caule pubescenti-scabro race- moso-composito ramis erectis, floribus subsecundis confertis, involucri laxe imbricati foliolis acuminatis. Nees.— Linn. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 111.

Han. Canada, Pursh, if Pursh's plant be the same; but Nees excludes the synonym of Willd. and Pursh.

38. A. pendulus; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis cauleque pubescenti-scabris, caulinis medio adpresso-serratis, ramulorum ellipticis integerrimis, caule laxo diffuso racemoso-composito, ramis elongatis flaccidis, involucro imbricato. Nees.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 205. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 114.— A. divergens y. pendulus. Nutt.

Has. Canada. Dr. Holmes.—My Canadian specimen of this, so named by Professor Lindley, only differs from an authentic specimen of Nees’ A. miser in its more copious flowers.

39. A. Menziesii ; foliis oblongo-linearibus sessilibus integerrimis scabriusculis incanis, caule incano apice racemoso, involucri foliolis obtusis squarrosis. Lindl. MSS.

Has. North-west coast of America. A. Menzies, Esq.—“ Ab A. concolori vix differt nisi pilis rigidis nec mollibus, necnon involucri foliolis squarrosis nec appressis.” Lindl.

Aster.] COMPOSITE. 13

40. A. ramulosus; foliis linearibus serrulato-scabris basi dilatatis sessilibus ramulorum rectis minoribus, caule piloso erecto angusto racemoso ramulis corymbulosis monocephalisve, involucri squarrosi foliolis acutissimis mucronatis. Lindl. MSS.—g. incano-pilosus. A. bienni, Nutt. (qui Aster est genuinus multifloro affinis) proxime accedit. Lindl.

Has. Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River and among the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—* Capitula duplo majora quam in A. multifloro.” Lindl.

41. A. multiflorus; foliis linearibus integerrimis margine serrulato-scabris subtrinervibus ramulorum recurvis, caule pubescente ramoso-composito diffuso, floribus subsecundis, invo- lucri foliolis laxe imbricatis apice recurvis subspathulatis mucronatis. Nees.—¢dit. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 208. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 546.— 8. ciliatus. Nees.—A. ciliatus. Willd.— Pursh.

Has. a. Canada. Pursh.

42. A. concinnus; foliis lanceolatis amplectentibus remote argute serratis margine scabris ramulorum oblongis integerrimis, caule laxo subcorymboso, ramis virgatis dichotomo-pani- culatis, involucro arcte imbricato. Nees.— Willd. En. Hort. Berol. v. 2. p. 884. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 554. Nees, Ast. p. 121.

Has. Saskatchawan. Dr, Richardson. Drummond.

43. A. strictus; foliis lanceolatis attenuatis subamplectentibus medio subserratis ambitu supino scabris, caule racemoso-composito, ramis strictis contractis, involucro arcte imbricato. Nees.—Poir. Enc. v. 1. p. 498. Nees, Ast. p. 124.—8. angustifolius. Lindl. MSS.

Haz. Saskatchawan. Drummond.

44. A. amplexicaulis; foliis oblongis acutis basi cordato-amplectentibus lucidis margine scabris inferioribus subserratis, caule paniculato-corymboso, ramis dichotome corymbosis coarctatis, involucro arcte imbricato. .Nees.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 2046. Nees, Ast. p. 130.

Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 360.

Has. Edmonton House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond.

45. A. rubricaulis; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus levibus margine scabris glaucis, radicalibus ovatis in petiolum contractis obtusis, caulinis inferioribus basi attenua- tis subserratis, superioribus integerrimis, caule racemoso-composito subpaniculato stricto, involucri disco brevioris foliolis imbricatis lanceolatis, receptaculo pilosiusculo. Nees.—Lam. Enc. v. 1. p. 305. Nees, Ast. p. 131. e

Haz. Canada. Cleghorn.

46. A. cyaneus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus levibus margine scabris glaucis superioribus integerrimis, radicalibus spathulatis obtusis crenato-serratis, caule racemoso- composito subpaniculato, involucri disco brevioris foliolis arcte imbricatis ex ovato-triangu- laribus, receptaculo alveolato-dentato epiloso. Nees.—Hoffm. Syn. Ast. p. 23. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 9. p. 156. Nees, Ast. p. 132. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 358. :

Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.

14 COMPOSIT E, [Seriocarpus.

54. EURYBIA.* Cass.

Radius foemineus fertilis. Involucri foliola arcte imbricata disco herbaceo apicis angusto. Flosculi disci tubo limboque discretis. Achenia elongata prismatica glabra vel pubescentia. Pappus simplex rigidulus persistens scaber. Receptaculum alveolatum.—Characteres plu- rimi Asteris generis, sed differt; involucro subcylindrico arcte imbricato, foliolis apice non

Joliaceis vel saltem leviori coste expansione praeditis, acheniisque linearibus longioribus sub- prismaticis vel angulatis, nec compressis ; habitu denique et pubescentia. Nees.

1. E. macrophylla; foliis cordatis ovatisve, radicalibus subtrinervatis, caulinis in petio- lum alatum contractis serratis scabris subtus hirtis, caule hirto ramisve glabro patulo corym- boso, ramulis rigidis, involucri arcte imbricati foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis. Vees.— Cass. in Dict. des Sc. Nat. v. 37. p. 487. Nees, Ast. p. 140.— Aster macrophyllus. Linn.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 552.— A. divaricatus. Linn.—A. infirmus. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 109? (Vees.)

Has. Canada. Pursh. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, to Norway House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond.

2. E. corymbosa; foliis ovatis inferioribus cordatis serratis petiolatis, caule dichotomo- corymboso, involucri foliolis imbricatis obtusis exterioribus ovatis. Vees.—Cass. l. c. Nees, Ast. p. 143.— Aster corymbosus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 207. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 552. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 365.

Has. Canada. Pursh.—Nees has three other American species not in any American Flora, with which both Dr. Boott and myself are unacquainted.

55. SERIOCARPUS. Nees.

Radius foemineus fertilis. Involucri foliola basi lata subcartilaginea arcte — apice abrupte herbacea et plerumque patula. Flosculi disci pauci conico-cylindracei, tubo lim- boque confluentibus. Achenia brevia, obverse pyramidalia dense sericea. Pappus simplex rigidulus persistens. Receptaculum angustum, alveolatum, irregulare.— Differt hocce genus ab Eurybio appendice foliolorum involucri distincta; ab Astere acheniis brevibus dense sericeis et forma flosculorum disci, ab utroque genere cunctisque reliquis Astereis habitu, presertim ab inflorescentia pendente. Nees.

1. S. solidagineus; foliis lineari-spathulatis obtusis integerrimis margine scabris, corymbo paucifloro, involucro squarroso. Nees, Ast. p. 149.— Aster solidaginoides. Mich. Am. v. 2 p.108. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 542. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 340.—Conyza linifolia. Linn.

Has. Near Montreal. Mr. Cleghorn. : DES

2. S. rigidus (Lindl.); foliis obovatis (potius oblongo-spathulatis) subtrinerviis integerri- mis cauleque scaberrimis, corymbo terminali simplici vel composito contracto, involucri tur- binati foliolis adpressis basi nudis, radio pappo breviore. Lindl. MSS.

* [follow the learned Nees von Esenbeck in the adoption of this and other Genera of his Asterine@; but I must con- fess that I think the character is much too slight, and the difference in habit by no means sufficient to warrant such a separation.

Galatella.] COMPOSITE. 15

Haz. Columbia River, Dr. Scouler. Abundant on undulating, dry, gravelly soils near Fort Vancouver, and low hills of the interior. Douglas.—The leaves are remarkably acute, almost mucronate, and they and the stems are quite rough with minute elevated dots. “ S. conyzoidi proximus." Lindi. To me this species, though very distinct, appears to approach nearest to S. tortifolius.

56. TRIPOLIUM. Dod. Nees.

Radius femineus fertilis. Involucri foliola interiora ampliora membranacea, colorata, ap- pressa, exteriora in pedunculi foliola decrescentia, Achenia cuneiformia, compressa, gla- briuscula. Pappus simplex, capillaris, densus, noduloso-scaber. Receptaculum alveolatum. —Herbz annue vel perennes, glabra, in solo salsuginoso crescentes. Folia angusta, succu- lenta, margine sepe scabra, triplinervia vel subavenia. Flores corymbosi albi vel cerulei. In- volucra sepe colorata.—Species Europe, Asie Caucasice, America septentrionali indigena. Nees.

1. 7. pauciflorum; foliis linearibus subcarnosis glabris caulinis subulatis amplexicaulibus, caule paucifloro (3-6-floro) ramis subunifloris viscido-pubescentibus, involucri hemis- phærici foliolis subæqualibus acutis. Nees, Ast. p. 157.—Aster pauciflorus. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 154.

Has. Marshes of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.

2. T. angustum (Lindl.); foliis linearibus serrulato-scabris glabris, caule angusto strictissi- mo, ramis rectis racemosis, involucri hemispheerici imbricati foliolis linearibus acutis, radio inconspicuo.—«. ramis oligocephalis.—8. ramis polycephalis.— Lindi. MSS.

Has. æ. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—f. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—* This species differs essentially from T. subulatum, Nees (Aster subulatus, Mich.) in its stem not being flexuose, in its serrulated leaves, in the form of the leaflets of the involucre, and in the flowers being twice as large." Lindi.

57. GALATELLA. Cass.

Radius fiemineus sterilis. Involucri angusti foliola imbricata angusta, nervo herbaceo sub apice non expanso. Achenia conoidea, dense hirsuta vel sericea. Pappus rigidulus, densus, scaber. Receptaculum lacero-alveolatum.— Folia conformia angusta ; radicalia minora, sessilia, subverticalia, nervosa vel enervia solaque costa media, venis autem nullis divisa, rigidula sca- bra plerisque punctata, punctis in superficie superiori presertim obviis insculptis glandu- laque granuliformi nitidula viridi fundo foveole immersa preditis, que glandule, in aliis magis in aliis minus conspicue, nonnullis omnino deesse videntur, caulis inferne simplex, apice distincte corymbosus, ramis dichotomis, rarius subtrichotomis. Radii ligula distantes, neutra. Nees.

l. G. nemoralis; foliis lanceolato-linearibus integerrimis enervibus impunctatis scabris, caule apice corymboso, radio elongato. Wees, Ast. p. 173.— Aster nemoralis, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 198.— A. ledifolius. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 544.—8. uniflorus.— Aster uniflorus. Mich. Am, v. 2. p. 110. _

Has. Canada. Pursh. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison.

2. G. graminifolia; foliis angusto-linearibus subtrinervibus margine costaque pilosiusculis impunctatis, ramis terminalibus gracilibus subaphyllis unifloris, involucri foliolis laxis discum

MM

16 COMPOSITE. [Erigeron.

«equantibus.—Aster graminifolius. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 545. Rich. in Frank. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32. (fide Herb. nostr.)

Ha». Hudson's Bay. Herb. Banks. Dr. Richardson. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—This is indeed very closely allied to G. nemoralis and G. linifolia ; but there are, besides the costa, two lateral ramified nerves in the leaves, whose margins and costa too are hairy, and the pappus is almost white.

58. TOWNSENDIA. Nov. Gen.

Capitulum heterogamum. Flosculi radii ligulati feeminei; disci hermaphroditi, regulares. Involucri foliola pluriserialia imbricata. Pappus uniserialis; radii brevis, paleaceo-subulatus, inzequalis; disci pilosus, pilis elongatis scabriusculis.— Herba Americe borealis humilis acau- lis. Radix fusiformis, lignosa, longe descendens; superne sepe divisa, reliquiis foliorum vetustorum obtecta. Folia omnino radicalia, numerosa, erecto-patentia, linearia, subspathulata, integerrima, utrinque adpresso-sericea, basi dilatata, et utrinque ciliata. Flos solitarius, foliis immersus et obtectus, ratione plante magnus. Involucrum ovatum, foliolis sericeis, lineari- subulatis, erectis, imbricatis. Flosculi radii ligulati, erecti, pallide rosei, marginibus involuti, apice dentibus tribus conniventibus. Stigma bifidum, purpureum, glabrum. Ovarium oblongum, compresso-triquetrum, pubescens. Pappus brevis sed valde inequalis, uniserialis, e pilis seu paleis subulatis, basi membranaceis. Flosculi disci tubulosi, lutei. Pappus pilosus, pilis scabriusculis longitudine corolle. Ovarium sericeum. Receptaculum alveolato-punctatum, nudum.

1. T. sericea. (Tas. CXIX). Aster? exscapus. Rich. in Frankl. Let, Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32. :

Has. Carlton House upon the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Rare, upon the dry banks of the Sas- katchawan and among the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This highly interesting little plant, no less on account of its habit than its pappus, deserves to be separated from Aster, of which, indeed, it was by Dr. Richardson, considered a doubtful species. “ The bud is formed in the autumn," and what Dr. Richardson further observed in the living plant, I find to be characteristic of all the specimens in this Collection, that * the florets of the ray are mostly involute, rarely expanded, and always narrow, nearly of the same colour with the pappus and inconspicuous; the flowers, indeed, never fully expanding.” I have named the Genus in compli- ment to David Townsend, Esq. of West Chester, Pennsylvania, who having imbibed the most ardent love of Botany from his friend and instructor Dr. Darlington of the same city, has devoted his leisure hours to the science with eminent success. The plant now under consideration is peculiarly worthy of bearing his name, because he has studied and ably discriminated the numerous Pennsylvanian species of the allied Genus Aster, ;

Tas. CXIX.—Fig. 1, Flowers; fig. 2, Floret of the ray; fig. 3, Portion of the pappus from the ray; fig. 4, Floret of the disk ; fig. 5, Portion of a hair from the pappus of the disk; fig. 6, Stigma from the disk; Jig. 7, 7, Scales of the involucre; jig. 8 :—all more or less magnified.

59. ERIGERON. Z.

Flores 3 pluriseriales in ambitu ligulati numerosi angusti; reliqui 3. Involueri foliola imbricata angusta. Pappus conformis, uniserialis Cor. 8 regularis. Achenium erostre. —Herbæ Europe, Asiatica vel Americane, erecta, ramosæ vel simplices, magis minusve hir- sute ; foliis alternis, inferioribus oblongo-obovatis, dentatis ; capitulis albis vel purpureis soli- tariis vel paniculatis. Nees.

Erigeron.) . COMPOSITA. 17

1. E. compositus; subacaulis; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis tripartitis hirsutis laciniis cuneiformibus trifidis, scapo unifloro paucifolio foliis linearibus integris.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535. Hook. in Linn. Trans. v. 14. p. 314. t. 13.—Cineraria Lewisii. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32.—8. grandiflorus; floribus fere duplo majoribus, radiis magis conspicuis.—y. radii flosculis carneis.

Han. Banks of the Kooskoosky. M. Lewis.—«. and 8. Barren country between lat. 64° and the Arctic Sea, and on the highest of the Rocky Mountains, in lat. 54°. Drummond. Islands of the Columbia, between the Narrows and the great Falls. Douglas.—y. Summits of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.

2. E. trifidus ; subacaulis, foliis hirsutis radicalibus longe petiolatis trifidis laciniis integris infimis solummodo raro iterum divisis, scapo unifloro paucifolio foliis linearibus integris. (Taz. CXX.)

Has. Barren places among the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This has the flowers equal in size with those of E. compositus, B., and the habit is very similar; but the leaves are almost the whole of them simply trifid; a few of those at the base of the stem, or divisions of the stem, being compound.

Tas. CXX.— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk; jig. 3, Leaf:—magnified.

3. E. lanatus ; subacaulis lanatus, foliis radicalibus spathulatis infimis rarissime trifidis, scapo subaphyllo superne involucroque densissime lanatis, radiis elongatis patentibus, ache- niis glabris. (Tas. CXXI.)

Has. Summits of the Rocky Mountains between lat. 52° and 56%. Drummond.—This is an extremely

beautiful species, most allied, indeed, to Æ. uniflorus, but differing in the dense woolly covering, large flowers, long descending root, and in the scape, rather than a stem, which bears the flower. Corollas of the ray white,

or rarely purple. Tas. CXXL— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; jig. 2, Floret of the disk; fig. 3, Radical leaf; fig. 4. outermost do. :—magnifted. "

4. E. radicatus; subacaulis, foliis radicalibus lineari-spathulatis hirsutulis subcarnosis, scapo unifloro paucifolio, involucro lanato, radiis breviusculis patentibus. (Tas. CXXII.)

Has. Mountains near Jasper’s Lake, Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond.

Tas. CXXIL— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk; jig. 3, Portion of a hair from the pappus; jig. 4, 4, Leaves.

5. E. uniflorus; caule brevi, foliis radicalibus glabriusculis spathulatis, caulinis paucis linearibus superne involucroque dense purpureo-lanatis, radiis erectiusculis involucro paullo longioribus. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1211. Fl. Lapp. p. 250. t. 9. f: 3. (vix Engl. Bot. t. 2416.) Rich. in Franki, 1st Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 30.—E. alpinus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 532.

Has. Labrador. Kohimeister. Arctic Sea-shore (Dr. Richardson) andadjacent islands, Capt. Parry, Sabine, &c. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond, who found one large specimen in the woody region with seven stems from the same root.— This is well distinguished from the preceding by its more glabrous foliage, true stem, the leaves gradually becoming smaller upon it, smaller flowers, and much shorter ray. The invo- lucre and its woolly clothing are,alike, generally purple. It is quite distinct from the E. uniflorus of Engl. Bot. which I have reason to believe is only a single-flowered state of E. a/pinus; nor have 1 ever seen the true uniflorus in Britain. deas

VOL. IT. . c

18 COMPOSITZE. | Erigeron.

6. E. grandiflorus; ubique lanato-hirsutus, caule subelongato unifloro, foliis radicalibus oblongo-spathulatis caulinis lanceolatis, involucro (apice purpureo nudiusculo) densissime albo-lanato, radiis patentibus involucro duplo longioribus. (Tas. CX XIII.)

Radix descendens perennis, caules 1-5 gerens. Caulis foliosus, palmaris ad spithameeum, pilosus. Folia pilosa, inferiora spathulata: reliqua lanceolata. Flos terminalis, solitarius, ratione plantae magnus. Jnvolucrum densissime albo-lanatum, foliolis apice purpureis sca- riosis nudis. Radii Flosculi elongati, patentes, albi vel purpurei.

Has. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Tas, CXXIIL— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk:—magnified.

7. E. alpinus; hirsutiusculus, caule subelongato uni-multifloro, foliis inferioribus spathu- latis superioribus lanceolatis, involucro piloso, radiis inconspicuis erectis pappo copioso pau-- lulum longioribus.—Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1211. Engl. Bot. t. 464.—£. foliis angustioribus, ramis elongatis.—y. elata; subpedalis.

Maz. a. and 8. and y. Rocky Mountains in elevated situations. Drummond.—This (the var. æ.) exactly eorresponds with our European E. alpinus; but appears to be confined to the mountains of the interior; whereas, in northern Europe it is frequently a maritime species.

8. E. glabratus; glabriusculus, caule elato simplici, foliis radicalibus spathulatis caulinis lineari-lanceolatis, racemo terminali multifloro, pedunculis elongatis vix corymbosis simpli- cibus vel ramosis, involucri parvi foliolis angustissimis, radiis inconspicuis pappo copioso im- mersis.—E. glabratus. Hopp. in Un. It. (Herb. nostr.)—E. alpinus, 8. ramosus. Wahl. Lapp. p. 207.—f. minor; pedunculis brevioribus.

Has, Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin on the Mae- kenzie River. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—8. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—I cannot but look upon this as quite distinct from Æ. alpinus, and, variable as it is in size, from 4-6 inches to 2 feet, it is very con- stant in its inflorescence, a raceme with very long peduncles, and in the very copious pappus, of a slightly tawny hue, which quite conceals the flowers. Wahlenberg notices its affinity with Æ. acris, which is certainly very considerable, insomuch that it may possibly prove to be a variety of it. It is, however, much more glabrous, and has fewer and larger leaves. This species retains all its characters in cultivation.

9. E. lonchophyllus; caule elato hispido simplici, foliis longissimis linearibus glabris ner- vosis ciliatis inferioribus lineari-spathulatis, racemo terminali folioso multifloro, pedunculis dll foliolosis, radiis numerosis angustis (albis?) pappo copioso vix longioribus. :

. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—A very remarkable species, of which, unfortunately, there is only a cm specimen in the Collection. Thisis 2 feet high ; the stem angled, very hispid, with patent rigid white

hairs; cauline leaves, several of them 6 inches long, 2-4 lines broad. Flowers similar to those of E. glabellus.

10. E. strigosus; strigoso-pilosus elatus, foliis radicalibus spathulatis caulinis lanceolatis. basi attenuatis, floribus corymboso-paniculatis, radiis (albis) patentibus numerosis involucro parvo piloso vix duplo longioribus. Muhl. in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p.1956. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2, p. 534. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 394.— 8. hispidissimus.

Has. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan, and to the Rocky Mountains: thence to the shores of the

Erigeron.] COMPOSITE. 19

Pacific. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas.—£. Plentiful in the vallies of the Blue Mountains and of the Spokan River. Douglas.—The present, though, like the other species, it may not be easy ‘to define its cha- racter in words, is a very well marked one to the eye. It is tall and slender, with narrow leaves, The pretty white flowers are about the size ofa daisy.

ll. E. purpureus; pubescens, folis oblongis tenui-membranaceis dentatis vel integris caulinis amplexicaulibus radicalibus in petiolum attenuatis, floribus paniculatis subcorym- bosis, radiis purpureis numerosissimis patentibus involucro glabriusculo subtriplo longioribus. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 186. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 533. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30.

Haz. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Arctic Circle, and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains and the shores of the Pacific. Dr. Richardson. Dr d. Douglas.—T his is peculiar for its broad leaves, which are amplexicaul at the base, of a rather deep green colour, and singularly delicate texture, and for its rather large flowers, with copious red-purple rays. Our specimen from the Saskatchawan is truly gigantic, 3 feet high, with radical leaves a span long and 2 inches broad.

12. E. Philadelphicus; pubescens, foliis cuneato-oblongis rariter inciso-dentatis caulinis semiamplexicaulibus, caule debili simplici superne corymboso, pedunculis elongatis unifloris, radiis capillaceis involucro hemispheerico duplo longioribus. Ph.—Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 533. Rich. in Frankl. ist Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. Reich. Ic. Ex. t. 134.

Has. Canada. Kalm. (Linn.) Woody country between lat. 54° and 64°. Richardson.—I have never re- ceived any authentic specimen of this from the American Botanists; but I introduce it on the autho- rity of Dr. Richardson and Linneus. The excellent Dr. Darlington says, that what he has taken for E. Philadelphicus agrees, on a careful comparison, also with E. purpureus. lam inclined to suspect that the two are one species, and, if so, the present name, in right of priority, should be retained. Reichenbach’s figure

looks like a small-flowered state of E. purpureus.

13. E. pulchellus ; pubescenti-asper, foliis radicalibus spathulatis integris vel serratis cau- linis remotis linearibus integerrimis, panicula laxa pauci (3-5) flora, radiis numerosis (albi- dis vel pallide purpureis) patentibus involucro plusquam duplo longioribus.— Mich. 4m. v. 2, p. 224. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30.—E. bellidifolius. Wild. Sp. Pl. v. 8. p. 1958. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 29402, — E. Serpentaria. Banks, M8S.—£. foliis profunde dentatis.

Has. Woody country, from Canada to lat. 64°.—¢. North West Coast of America. Menzies.—In all our specimens the ray in the dry state appears to be white.

14. E. glabellus; glaber vel pubescens, foliis lato-lanceolatis integerrimis nervosis ciliatis, radicalibus subspathulatis, floribus (inter majores) paucis (3-5) subcorymbosis, radiis (pur- purascentibus nunc albis) numerosis patentibus involucro pubescente fere triplo longiori- bus.—Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 148. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2923.—8. pubescens; totus valde pubescens.—7. mucronatus; foliis acutissimis mucronatis. ?

Has. From the Saskatchawan, Drummond, throughout the woody country, to lat. 649. Dr. Richardson. —£f. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—y. Plentiful on low plains of the Columbia, near the

coast. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.

20 COMPOSITE. [Diplopappus-

15. E.? hyssopifolius ; caule ramis sterilibus paniculato paucis in pedunculos nudos uni- floros protractis, foliis linearibus integris glabellis ciliatis, radiis involucro cylindraceo multo longioribus. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 123. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 534?

Has. Hudson's Bay and near Lake Mistassins. Michaux.—With this I am unacquainted. In some of its characters, it comes near my Æ. lonchophyllus, but the involucre is said to be cylindrical, and the rays much longer than it. Pursh refers it to Dill. Elth. t. 306, f. 394, (E. Carolinianus, Willd.) evidently no true Erigeron, the Phalacroloma of Cassini,

16. E. Canadensis ; caule hispido, foliis lanceolato-linearibus ciliatis acutis, floribus (parvis) in paniculam terminalem oblongam foliosam dispositis, ramis quasi racemoso-multifloris, pedicellis foliolosis, radiis minutis (albis) pappo copioso vix longioribus.—Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 123. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 534. i

Has. Thoughout Canada. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Columbia River. Dr. Scouler.

17. E.? florifer ; caule breviusculo ramoso piloso, foliis omnibus lineari-spathulatis pilosius- culis integerrimis glaucis, ramis pedunculiformibus unifloris (floribus inter maximos), involu- cri foliolis exterioribus pubescenti-hirsutis interioribus membranaceis fimbriato-ciliatis, radiis latiusculis (albis?) patentibus involucro duplo longioribus, pappi pilis albissimis incrassatis hirsutulis. ;

Hag. Dry rocks and sandy grounds near Priest’s Rapids of the Columbia, and Lewis and Clarke’s River; N.W. coast of America. Douglas.—This is evidently no Erigeron, yet it has as little affinity with any Aster. _ The hairs of the pappus are unusually thick and white.

(Pappus duplex: extus perbrevis subpaleaceus.)

18. E. annuus; foliis radicalibus subrotundo-ovatis profunde dentatis petiolatis, caulinis lanceolatis acutis medio subserratis, corymbo terminali.—Aster annuus. Linn.—Erigeron heterophyllus. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 1956. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 534.— Diplopappus dubius. Cass. Bull. —Stenactis dubia. Cass. in Dict. des Sc. Nat. v. 37. p. 485.—S. annuus. Nees, Ast. p. 213. +

Has. Canada. Cleghorn.— Except in the pappus, this is so entirely an Erigeron that 1 am very unwilling to separate it from that Genus. The outer pappus consists of several very minute acuminated paleaceous scales. It has, like the Æ. Canadensis, been introduced from America into Europe, and thus founda place in our European Floras.

60. DIPLOPAPPUS.* Cass.

Radius uniserialis 2. Discus Y. Pappus biserialis. Cor. disci regularis, Achenium — erostre.—Herbe: vel fruticuli Americani, Asiatici vel Africani; foliis alternis, integris ;

capi- tulis terminalibus solitariis, colore varie tinctis. Less. i

* I follow my own inclination, no less than the valued su

estion of Prof i in uniti i i Kunth, and Doelingeria, Nees, with Diplppappus ggestion of Pro Seet Lindley, in uniting Diplostephium,

Diplopappus] — COMPOSITE. - 21

* Pappus conformis, utrinque setaceus.

1. D. albus; foliis lineari-lanceolatis subintegerrimis scabris basi longe angustatis inferiori- bus petiolatis, caule simplici corymboso scabro ramulis subunifloris subaphyllis, involucri foliolis oblongo-linearibus glabriusculis obtusis.—«. radiis albis. D. albus. Lindl. MSS.— Chrysopsis alba. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 152.—Doellingeria? ptarmicoides. Nees, Ast. p. 183.— £. radiis luteis. D. lutescens. Lindl. MSS. (in Herb. nostr.)

Haz. On the banks of the Saskatchawan; but rare. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—Lake Superior. Dr. Pitcher, in Herb. Torrey.—z. and 2. Banks of the Red River, Douglas.—The outer pappus consists of very few and indistinct hairs; the inner has the hairs by no means clavate at the extremity, and therefore it can- not be a Doellingeria of Nees von Esenbeck.— Dr. Pitcher finds a single-flowered var. at Lake Superior.

2. D. canescens ; pubescenti-canus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis basi valde angus- tatis inferioribus longe petiolatis, caule simplici corymboso, ramulis unifloris elongatis folio- losis, involucri foliolis angustis acutissimis hirsuto-scabris.

Has. Between Carlton House and Edmonton House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Perhaps a variety of the following.

3. D. grandiflorus; canescens, caule subdecumbente infra basin ramoso, foliis lineari- oblongis inferioribus spathulatis, ramis plerumque simplicibus unifloris nudiusculis involu- cri foliolis angustis acutissimis hirsuto-scabris.

Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This is nearly allied to the preceding, but the flowers are twice as large, the plant is of more humble and less erect growth, and the ramification is different, less corymbose.

4. D. linariifolius; suffruticosus, ramis subcorymbosis unifloris, foliis linearibus patenti- bus scaberrimis serrulato-ciliatis, involucri foliolis sublaxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis. —Diplostephium linariifolium. Nees, Ast. p. 199.— Aster linariifolius. Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 110. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 545.— Aster rigidus. Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 110. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 544. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 365.

Has. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack.

5. D. incanus; totus incanus, foliis linearibus mollibus distantibus acutis mucronulatis, ramis longis corymbosis monocephalis apice nudis, involucri ovati glandulosi foliolis lineari- bus multiseriatis exterioribus squarrosis. Lindl. MSS. :

Has. California and N.W. Coast of America. Douglas, in Herb. Lindley.—“ D. rigido (linariifolio) proximus. Caulis 2} pedalis ab ima basi strictim racemosus, pube brevi mollis, foliis valde denudatus. Radii amzne violacei." — Lindl.

6. D. filifolius; incanus, foliis omnibus lineari-filiformibus, ramis longis subcorymbosis unifloris, involucri foliolis imbricatis angustis acutis pubescenti-scabris, radiis flavescentibus,

` pappo albo.

Has. Common on the Great Falls of the Columbia and barren grounds of the interior. Douglas.—Ten inches to a foot high. Leaves very slender, an inch and a half long, almost filiform. Pappus white, exterior very short; ovary hairy.

1. D. linearis; humilis, caulibus subceespitosis erectissimplicibus apice nudiusculis unifloris,

22 COMPOSITE. [Diplopappus.

foliis omnibus lineari-filiformibus subspathulatis, flore terminali, involucri foliolis angustis pubescenti-scabris, pappo fulvo.

Has. Common on dry rocks and sandy grounds near the “ Priest's Rapid" of the Columbia, and also on Lewis and Clarke's River. Douglas.—Four to six inches high, several stems arising from the same root, and universally bearing one flower. These flowers are old, and the corollas have fallen or are withered, the fruit with the tawny pappusalone remaining.

8. D. pinnatifidus; caulibus numerosis ex eadem radice erectis superne valde ramosis corymbosis multifloris, foliis subbipinnatifidis pilosis, segmentis angustis linearibus pilo ter- minali mucronatis, involucri foliolis lineari-subulatis mucronatis pubescentibus, radiis luteis. —An Amellus spinulosus? Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 564.

Radiz lignosa, fusiformis, perennis. Caules plurimi, palmares ad pedalem, erecti, superne corymboso-ramosi, ramis omnibus floriferis, Folia pinnatifida pilosa, laciniis linearibus, dentatis vel iterum pinnatifidis, pilo longiusculo terminali mucronatis. Flores copiosi flavi. Ovarium dense villosum. Pappi lacinie valde insequales, exteriores sensim minores. Receptaculum alveolatum subpaleaceo-fimbriatum. `

Has. Rocky Mountains near Jasper's Lake, rare. Drummond. * * Pappus biformis: ext. paleaceus; int. setaceus. (Flores flavi.) Chrysopsis. Nutt. Ell.

9. D. villosus; caulibus erectis patenti-villosis, superne corymbosis, foliis oblongis seu oblongo-spathulatis sessilibus acutis appresso-villosis ciliatis, ramulis floriferis pubescentibus, involucri foliolis lineari-subulatis acutis subpubescentibus ext. non raro foliaceis.— Chrysop- sis villosa. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 151. (et in Herb. nostr.)—Amellus villosus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 564.

Has. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Common on the Red Deer and Eagle Hills of the Sas-

katchawan River and banks of the Assinaboyne; also on the low hills west of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific Ocean, on dry, rocky, or sandy soils. Douglas.—Pappus nearly white. Flowers yellow.

10. D. hispidus; totus pilis patentibus hispidus, foliis oblongo-spathulatis basi angustatis subpetiolatis, ramis subcorymbosis, involucri foliolis angustatis acutis glabriusculis.

Has. Carlton-House Fort. Dr. Richardson.—This appears to be rare, if we may judge from the very few specimens collected. Though most allied to the preceding, it is nevertheless quite distinct. It is smaller and slenderer, the leaves more remote and more attenuated below, and they and the whole plant, even the floral branches, are clothed with long patent rigid leaves. Flowers yellow. Pappus tawny.

11. D. scaber ; hispido-scaber, foliis grosse dentatis inferioribus ovalibus longe petiolatis, caulinis lato-oblongis, ramis terminalibus subcorymbosis nudiusculis unifloris involucrisque pubescenti-glandulosis, pappo intense fulvo.—Chrysopsis scabra. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 339.—Inula scabra. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 531.

Has. N.W. Coast of America, A. Menzies, Esq.—This quite accords in every essential particular with

authentic specimens of Chrysopsis scabra I have received from Mr. Elliott, and with others gathered at Rio Brazos, in Texas, so that the species must have a very extensive range. 3

*** Pappus biformis: ext. brevis : int. setaceus, pilis apice incrassatis. Doellingeria. Nees.

12. D. umbellatus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, caule angulato scabro apice corymboso-com-

D

Madia.) COMPOSITE, 23

posito, involucro imbricato.—Doellingeria umbellata. Nees, Ast. p. 178.—Aster umbel- latus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 199.—Chrysopsis amygdalina. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 153.

Has. Canada. Dr. Holmes. Mr. Cleghorn. í

13. D. amygdalinus ; foliis oblongis, caule angustato glabro apice corymboso-composito, involucro laxo.—Doellingeria amygdalina. Nees, Ast. p. 179.—Diplostephium amygdal. Cass.—Aster amygdalinus. Lam.— Mich. Am, v. 2. p. 109. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 549.— Chrysopsis humilis. Nutt. (excl. syn. Ast. cornifolii, Muhl. et Ast. infirmi, Mich., Nees.)— Aster humilis. Willd.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 548. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 367.

Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Mr. Cormack.—1 am by no means satis- fied of the permanency ofthe distinguishing characters of this and the preceding species.

61. BOLTONIA. P Hérit. "

Radius 9, uniserialis. Discus 3. Pappus brevis, radii pluri- disci bi-setosus. Cor. disci regularis. Achenium erostre.—Herbse Boreali- Americane, erecta; foliis alternis, integris; ramis divaricatis florigeris monocephalis apiceque aphyllis ; ane parviusculis, radio ceruleo ; rachide conica ; involucris imbricatis. Less.

1. B. glastifolia; foliis inferioribus serratis, floribus breviter pedunculatis, seminibus ob- cordatis conspicue alatis pubescentibus aristis pappi duabus ipsorum longitudine. Pursh,— L’Herit. Sert. Angl. p. 21. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 132. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 561. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2381.

Han. Canada, Goldie.—My plant does not exactly accord with either of the two species described by Pursh. The seed or achenium is oval and glabrous, as in B. asteroides; but it has the unequal pappus and the two paler longer than the rest, and the broad wings of B. glastifolia. Elliott has a third species, whose achenium is scarcely winged, and the pappus is as in our plant. May they not all be varieties of the same species? The figures and descriptions of Dr. Sims in the Botanical Magazine, B. glastifolia (t. 2381), and B. asteroides (t. 2554), do not at all help to clear the difficulties. There the two species have the most striking

resemblance. 62. BRACHYRIS. Nutt.

Radius uniserialis 2. Discus $. Pappus paleaceus uniserialis, paleis linearibus, 5-8. Cor. disci regularis. Achenium obconicum erostre.— Herba perennis, Boreali- Americana, erecta ; foliis anguste linearibus, integris, punctatis ; capitulis solitariis ternis, ramos fastigiatos, caulis terminalibus, radio et disco 5-floris; involucris cylindraceis; rachide nuda. Less.

1. B. Euthamie. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 163.—Solidago Sarothrz. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 540.

PM High grounds of the Saskatchawan (Drummond) and Red Rivers. Douglas.

63. MADIA. Molina.

Radius fcemineus, uniserialis, Discus hermaphroditus. Corolla radii lingulata, lingula

triloba tubum superante. Achenium erostre, tetragono-compressum, quadricostatum, disco

a

24 COMPOSITE. | "| Orinitaria..

epigyno parvo. Pappus nullus.—Herbze Chilenses et oris occidentalis Americe borealis, vis- cide, erecte; foliis alternis, semiamplexicaulibus, oblongis; capitulis luteis, terminalibus vel axillaribus; rachide plana, nuda; involucris uniserialibus, pubescentibus. Less.

1, M. viscosa; capitulis axillaribus solitariis multifloris, radiis conspicuis.—«. capitulis subsessilibusradiis parvis.— M. viscosa. Cav. Ic. v. 3. p. 50. t. 298. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.2574,— Madia mellosa. Mol.—Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. v. 3. t. 302. (excellent.)—M. sativa. Mol.— 8. capitulis plerisque pedunculatis, radiis magnis.—M. elegans. Don, in Bot. Heg. t. 1458.

E

Has. «.and g. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Douglas.—The figure in the Botanical Regis- _

ter of Madia elegans is strangely altered, by cultivation in rich garden soil, from the form exhibited by the native plants from the Columbia. These differ very slightly from the more usual appearance of JM. viscosa, as seen in specimens from Chili. : :

2. M. glomerata; capitulis (2-4) glomeratis paucifloris in corymbam terminalem dispo-

sitis, radiis obsoletis. .

Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Aware as I am that Madia viscosa is liable greatly to vary, I still cannot bring myself to consider the present as a state of that species. The inflorescence is a true compound corymb, the branches, which are leafy, bearing at the extremity a cluster of 3-5 few-flowered capitula, much narrower than those of M. viscosa, and apparently quite destitute of ray. This is the first time that any Madia has been found on the east side of the great chain of mountains which separates eastern from western America.

64. CRINITARIA. Cass.

Capitulum homogamum discoideum multi— (pauci-)-florum. Rachis ebracteolata. Pap- pus pilosus biserialis. Achenium erostre, compressum, sericeum.— Herbse per Europam, Asiam meridionalem (et Americam septentrionalem) crescentes ; foliis alternis, confertis, lineari- bus, subintegerrimis; capitulis luteis, solitariis, ramulos corymbosim dispositos terminantibus ; involucris pauciserialibus, foliaceis. Less. &

1. C. viscidiflora ; glaberrima, foliis lineari-lanceolatis rigidis integerrimis acutissimis uni- nerviis basi angustatis, floribus fastigiato-corymbosis, pedunculis foliolosis, involucri gluti- nosi cylindrici 5-flori foliolis imbricatis oblongis exterioribus minoribus.

Has. A common shrub, 2-4 feet high, on the barren plains of the Columbia, from the Great Falls to the Mountains, and along the Salmon River, N. W. America. Douglas.—My specimens of this are small and few. The species is in many respects allied to Nuttall’s Chrysocoma virgata, but that is “herbaceous,” and an inhabitant of swamps of New Jersey, near the coast. From the same author's C. graveolens it differs in the leaves being only single-nerved and the branches quite glabrous, not in the least “ pulverulently tomentose.”

2. C.? humilis; annua nana vage ramosa, ramis hic illic hirsutulis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis denticulato-ciliatis mucronulato-acutis, floribus axillaribus terminalibusque, involucri glabri

foliolis linearibus exterioribus majoribus foliaceis. S *

Has. On the banks of the Saskatchawan, between Carlton House and Edmonton House. Drummen I introduce this small plant (3—4 inches high) into this place with much hesitation; very few specimens eg in the Herbarium, and its affinity with Crinitaria is highly doubtful. The flowers, however, with the Genus,

c»

sufficiently accord

e e RW ‘ -4 7 CS "

p e n COMPOSITE. 25

+ Susrnis. Il. Inutex. Capitula nunquam dioica; si heterogama floribus marginalibus Jæmineis sepissime corollas lingulatas gerentibus, reliquis 8. Rachis plerumque ebracteolata. Anthere caudate. Pappus varius, nunquam gamophyllus, hinc inde nullus. Less.

$

65. DONIA. Br. a

Capitulum radiatum. Pappus setaceus, uniserialis, valde caducus, conformis, setis rigidis- simis, subcorneis. Cor. floris foeminei lingulata. Achenium erostre. Rachis ebracteolata. —Fruticuli Mezicani (Americe septentrionalis) vel Canarienses, sape viscosi, foliis alternis, semiamplexicaulibus, oblongis, dentatis ; capitulis magnis solitariis, terminalibus, luteis. Less.

WW

1. D. glutinosa; caule herbaceo (* fruticoso” alior.) erecto, foliis obovato-oblongisobtusius- culis cum mucrone ante apicem mucronato-dentatis vel integerrimis, involucri glutinosi fo- liolis. exterioribus subulatis squarrosis.—Jr. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 82. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 187.—Aster glutinosus. Cass.—Doronicum. Willd.—Grindelia. Spreng.

. Has. Common on dry soils, from the source of the Columbia to its confluence with the Pacific, Douglas. —Nutka. Dr. Scouler.—Our specimens have a deep, perennial tap-root, but a decidedly herbaceous stem.

2. D. squarrosa; caule herbaceo valde ramoso, foliis omnibus oblongis amplexicaulibus serratis subglaucescentibus, involucri glutinosi foliolis exterioribus subulatis squarrosis.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 559. Sims, Bot. Mag. p. 1106.—Grindelia squarrosa. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33.

Haz. Woody country between lat. 54° and 64°. Dr. Richardson. Abundant on the banks of the Sas- -katchawan, between Carlton House and Edmonton House. Drummond. Plains of the Red River and vallies of the Rocky Moutains, on the east side. Douglas.

3. D. inuloides ; caule basi suffruticoso apice pubescente, foliis glabris radicalibus spathu- latis caulinis subovatis serratis basi latioribus subamplexicaulibus, pedunculis pubescentibus, involucri vix glutinosi foliolis exterioribus subulatis squarrosis.— Grindelia inuloides. Desf: in Mem. du Mus. v. 5. p. 50. t. 15.—8. ramis foliis involucrisque glanduloso-hirtis.—Grin- delia inuloides. Ker, in Bot. Heg. t. 248. (excellent.)

. Has. f. Near the sources of the Multnomah River. Douglas.—The leaves of the whole upper part of the stem are ovate, acuminate, cordate at the base, and amplexicaul; and the species appears to me very distinct, although Sprengel has united it with D. squarrosa. Mr. Brown seems now inclined to unite his Genus

_ Donia with Grindelia. 1 have followed Lessing in keeping them distinct.

4. D. lanceolata; herbacea, glabra, foliis rigidis ciliato-dentatis acutis radicalibus lanceola- tis longe petiolatis, caulinis lineari-lanceolatis petiolatis superioribus acuminatis basi corda- tis sessilibus amplexicaulibus, caule erecto simplici, floribus 4-5 subcorymbosis, involucri sub-

tomentosi (non viscosi) foliolis oblongo-linearibus acutis imbricatis erectis exterioribus sensim `

minoribus. - BR Haz. Saskatchawan, between Carlton House and Edmonton House. Drummond.—oot fusiform, peren- nial, clothed above with the fibrous remains of the former year's root-leaves. Stem a foot and a half high.

5. D. uniflora; herbacea, subdecumbens, foliis rigidis radicalibus lanceolatis grosse acute dentatis acuminatis longe petiolatis, caulinis oblongo-lanceolatis sessilibus superioribus basi

“VOL, Il. D | > ad &r

*

Y w

26 CAMPANULACEA. R ? [ Campanula.

latioribus amplexicaulibus, caulibus simplicibus lanatis unifloris, involucri lanati foliolis laxis erectis linearibus acutis exterioribus longioribus. (Tas. CX XIV.)

Radix perennis crassa fusiformis, superne foliorum vetustorum reliquiis fibrosis hispida. Caules 3-5 ex eadem radice, spithamei et ultra, basi subdecumbentes, herbacei, lanati, simplices, 1-raro—2-3-flori. Folia radicalia, numerosa, lato-lanceolata, acuminata, glabra, juniora laxe lanata, grosse acute serrata, nunc, extima precipue, omnino integerrima, longe petiolata. Caulina omnia sessilia, integerrima, inferioribus oblongo- lanceolatis superioribus sensim minoribus magis acuminatis basi latioribus amplexicaulibus. Flos plerumque solitarius, magnus. Znvolucri foliola subzequalia, erecta, laxa, linearia, lanata, acuta. Radii flosculi flavi, omnes papposi, pilis numerosis scabris. Receptaculum subalveolatum. Achenia pilosa, superne prsecipue pilis erectis sericeis. i

Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.

Tas. CXXIV.—Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk:—magnified.

COMPOSITÆ Omisse. : * / - Post Eupatorium occidentale, v. 1. p. 305, adde

5.* Eupatorium? grandiflorum; glabrum, foliis alternis petiolatis cordato-triangularibus acuminatis grosse serratis venosis, paniculz floribus glomeratis, involucri foliolis multiseriali- bus lineari-oblongis acutis striatis exterioribus e lata basi subulatis subsquarrosis, acheniis cylindraceis striatis scabridis.

Haz. On the low hills between the north and south branches of Lewis and Clarke's River, in stony places. Douglas.—Three to four feet high, herbaceous. Stem rounded. Flowers large, white, clustered. The leaves bear a considerable resemblance to those of E. occidentale, but the flowers are totally different, larger than

is usualin this Genus, each of many florets, and with the stigmas less exserted than usual. I possess only a solitary specimen. Bi

Post Ambrosiam acanthicarpam, v. 1. p. 309, adde 4. A. trifida; elata scaberrima, foliis (amplis) petiolatis integris vel profunde 3-5-fidis serratis segmentis ovali-lanceolatis acuminatis, racemis elongatis paniculatis, fructu supra

medium spinis 6 brevibus erectis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 9. p. 183. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 581. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 476. is

Has. Canada. Common. Dr. Holmes (in Herb. Greville.)

Orp. LII. CAMPANULACEE. Br.

Secr. I. CaMPANULEX. Cor. monopetala, regularis. Anthere libere. Br. 1. CAMPANULA. (Z.) Alph. De Cand.

Cal. 5-fidus, sinubus seepe appendicibus obtectis. Corolla apice 5-loba, vel 5-fida, seepius campanulata. Stam. 5, libera, filamentis basi latis et membranaceis, Stylus in alabastro pilis collectoribus (excepta ima basi) tectus. Stigmata 3-5, filiformia. Ovarium omnino inferum, 3-5-loculare. Capsula valvis 3-5, lateraliter dehiscens. Semina seepius ovata, complanata, interdum ovoidea et tunc minima.—Herbz perennes, rarius biennes v. annue $ nunc humiles el cespitantes, nunc contra 2-3-pedales, erecta et multiflore. Folia radicalia a

E

-<

Campanula.] : CAMPANULACEZ. 27

caulinis sepissime diversa, nempe majora, longius petiolata et obtusa. Flores plerumque pe- dunculati racemosi rarius spicati v. glomerati, pro ordine majusculi, cerulei vel (in eadem specie) albi. Omnes in hemisphera boreali habitantes. Alph. D. C.

1. C. dasyantha ; foliis radicalibus ovato-acutis petiolatis crenatis glabriusculis, caulinis sessilibus lanceolatis integris pubescentibus, lobis calycinis ovato-lanceolatis acutis corolla in- fundibuliformi triplo brevioribus, sinuum appendicibus minimis subulatis. Alph. De Cand.— Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl. p. 147. Reich. Ic. v. 1. t. 85. Cham. in Limnea, v. 4. p. 37. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 230.

Has. Unalaschka and Islands of Behring’s Straits. Chamisso.

2. C. petiolata; glaberrima simplex pauciflora, foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis cordatis rotundatis dentatis petiolatis marginatis, caulinis inferioribus lanceolatis remote dentatis petiolatis, superioribus linearibus integris, lobis calycinis erectis subulatis corolla campanu- lata duplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 218.

Haz. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson. |

3. C. linifolia; caule erecto, foliis radicalibus paucis petiolatis ovatis sinuatis, caulinis linearibus integris, laciniis calycinis longis erectis corolla campanulata ampla duplo vel triplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 179. Henk. in zn Coll. v. 2. p. 81,—C. rotun- difolia, 8. linifolia. Rich. in Frankl. Ist Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 6.—9. Langsdorfiana ; glabra, caule erecto subunifloro, foliis radicalibus ovato-rotundatis integris, caulinis inferio- ribus obovato-lanceolatis. Alph. De Cand.

Has. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout the woody country, from lat. 54° to 649, Dr. Richard- son. Common on the N.W. Coast, and on the banks of the Columbia, from its source to its confluence with the sea, and at Puget's Sound. Douglas. Port Wentworth and Sledge Island, Behring's Straits. Mr.

Menzies.—%. Arctic America, from Greenland (Hornemann) to the Aleutian Islands. Langsdorff (in Alph. De Cand.)—My specimens from Mr. Menzies and Douglas exactly correspond with the European ones.

4. C. rotundifolia; foliis radicalibus petiolatis cordatis rotundatis crenato-dentatis, caulinis linearibus vel lanceolatis, alabastris erectis, calycis laciniis subulatis brevibus erectis corolla campanulata triplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Engl. Bot. t. 866. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 159. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 65. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 236. Alph. De Cand. Canp. p. 68.

Has. Throughout the woody country, between lat. 54? and 64°. Dr. Richardson, l.c, Near Quebec. Mrs. Percival.—1 have seen no specimens from the west side of the Rocky Mountains; and, indeed, all those in Captain Franklin’s Collection are referable, I think, rather to C. linifolia, if the two be really distinct.

5. C. dubia; glabra, caule unifloro, foliis caulinis erectis angustis inferioribus lineari-lan- ceolatis, superioribus longe acuminatis, lobis calycinis subulatis corolla infundibuliformi tubulosa duplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 286. (et in Herb. nostr.)

Haz. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison —l HE m be nee to consider this a single-flowered var, of C. linifolia. ` 6. C. pratensis; caule humili unifloro superne magis folioso, foliis omnibus petiolatis ovato-

28 CAMPANULACEE. [ Campanula.

acutis subcrenatis, laciniis calycinis longe acuminatis corolla infundibuliformi 3 brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 28'1.—8. foliis caulinis angustioribus linearibus. Alph. De Cand.

Has. Near the Coast on the western side of Newfoundland. Dela Pylaie (in Alph De Cand. Camp.)

7. C. aparinoides ; glabra, caule debili ascendente simplici paucifloro angulis retro-scabro, foliis inferioribus lineari-obovatis aliis lineari-acuminatis remote denticulatis retrorsum sca- bris, lobis calycinis triangularibus corolla campanulata duplo brevioribus, capsula spheeroi- dea. Alph. De Cand.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 159. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 237. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 290.—C. erinoides. Muhl.—Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 85. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 263.

"Haz. Canada, Mr. Goldie, From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Saskatchawan. Drummond.

8. C. Scouleri; simplex vel ramosa pauciflora, foliis acute serratis glabriusculis inferioribus ovato-acutis petiolatis mediis ovato-lanceolatis superioribus lineari-lanceolatis sessilibus, floribus racemosis, calycis glabri lobis subulatis corolla 5-fida infundibuliformi triplo bre- vioribus, stylo exserto, capsula ovoidea. (Tas. CX XV.)— Hook. in Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 312.—«, hirsutula ; lobis calycinis magis erectis.—f. glabra; lobis calycinis patentissimis, foliis majoribus tenuioribus.

Has. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. 8. Common in partially shaded Pine Forests, on the N.W. Coast. Plentiful about Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.

Tas. CXXV.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Immature capsule:—magnified.

9. C. planiflora; glaberrima, caule simplici, foliis sessilibus coriaceis nitidis radicalibus con- fertis ovatis vel obovato-obtusis crenulatis, caulinis lineari-lanceolatis acutis subintegris, flori- bus spicato-racemosis, lobis calycinis ovato-acutis latis erectis corolla campanulato-rotata triplo brevioribus. Alpd. De Cand.— Lam. Dict.— Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 312.—C. ni- tida. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 1. p. 246. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 131.

Has. North America; and Pursh supposes, but upon very vague authority, from Hudson's Bay. Ihave never seen any plant like it from that country, and the American Botanists seem to be unacquainted with it.

10. C. Americana ; caule simplici, foliis radicalibus ovato-acutis subcordatis petiolatis serra- tis, caulinis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis serrulatis, floribus longe spicatis, lobis caly- cinis valde acuminatis patulis corolla campanulato-rotata subbrevioribus, capsula cylindracea sulcata. Alph. De Cand.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 159. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 237. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 314.—C. acuminata. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Pursh, l. c. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 262. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. 1. c. ;

Has. On rocks about the Falls of Niagara, Mr. Cooper, (in Torrey's Fl.) —1 have never seen specimens of this from British America.

11. C. lasiocarpa; caule unifloro nudiusculo, foliis radicalibus confertis lanceolato-obo- vatis setaceo-denticulatis, petiolis ciliatis, calyce tubo villoso lobis acuminatis denticulatis, corolla infundibuliformi campanulata lobis calycinis duplo longiore, capsula subcylindracea. Alph. De Cand.—Cham. in Linnea, v. 4. p. 39. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 127.—C. algida. Fisch. MSS.— Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 338. t. 11. KA

Lobelia.] CAMPANULACEE. . 29

Haz. Summits of the highest of the Rocky Mountains, near Lake La Pierre. Drummond. Unalaschka, Sledge and Hedge Islands, in Behring's Straits, Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie, in Captain Beechey's Collection.

12. C. wniflora; caule unifloro, foliis subintegris inferioribus obovatis petiolatis, mediis obovato-lanceolatis, superioribus rarioribus lineari-lanceolatis, calyce villosiusculo, lobis li- neari-acuminatis corolla infundibuliformi subequalibus, capsula cylindracea. Alph. De Cand.—Linn.— Fl. Dan. t. 1512. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 6. iph. De Cand. Camp. p. 339.

Has. Shores and Islands of the Arctic Sea, from the eastern to the western extremity. Alpine places in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.

2, SPECULARIA. Heist.

Calyx 5-lobus, tubo elongato prismatico vel longe obconico. Corolla rotata, 5-loba. Stam. 5, inter se libera, corolla dimidio breviora ; filamenta brevia, membranacea, pilosa; anthere filamentis longiores. Stylus inclusus, pilosus, pilis secundum ordines 10 dispositis. Stigmata tria, filiformia. Capsula longe prismatica, 3-locularis, 3-valvis, prope apicem vel paullo supra mediam partem sitis dehiscens. Semina ovoidea vel lenticularia, subcompressa, nitidissima.—Herbee annue, humiles, in regione maris Mediterranei et Europa temperata precipue habitantes: una species tantuin in America. Folia alterna, per caulem «qualiter sparsa parva; inferiora ab aliis parum dissimilia. Flores terminales et axillares, semper sessiles erecti. Corolla cerulea, rosea vel ex albo et cesio variegata, sole lucente rotata. Alph. De Cand.

1. S. perfoliata; caule erecto simplici, foliis ovato-rotundatis crenatis amplexicaulibus, floribus axillaribus longe foliaceo-spicatis, calyce glabro, tubo obconico lobis erectis lanceo- latis, corolla lobis calycinis longiore.—Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 351.—Campanula perfo- liata. Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 160.—Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 85.— Campanula amplexicaulis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 262. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 256.

- Has. N.W. Coast of America; about the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.

Secr. IL Loser. Corolla irregularis (nunc 5-petala). Anthere sepe connate. Br. 3. LOBELIA. Z.

Corolla tubo hinc fisso (raro integro) limbo 5-partito. Anthere connate. Stigma bila- biatum (nunc indivisum). Capsula bilocularis (raro 3-loc.), apice supero bivalvi.— Herba: (vel suffrutices) plereque lactescentes. Folia alterna integra vel laciniata, raro fistulosa. Flores racemosi, terminales vel axillares, solitarii, pedicellis bibracteatis v. nudis. Antheree sepius barbate. Br.

1. L. Dortmanna ; foliis radicalibus subcylindricis obtusis bitubulosis, scapo parce folioso, Ms racemosis.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 140. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 153. Pursh, Fl. Am.

2, p. 446. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 87. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 239.—L. paludosa.

Pm

30 CAMPANULACEZ. [ Clintonia.

Ham. Slave Lake, English River, and in a small Lake at the summit of Portage la Loche. Dr. Rich- ardson.

2. L. Kalmii; glabra, caule erecto gracili ramoso, foliis lineari-elongatis subdentatis radi- calibus brevibus spathulatis, racemis laxis paucifloris subfoliosis, pedicellis elongatis biglan- dulosis, calycis glaberrimi laciniis subulatis, germine basi attenuato.— Linn.—Mich. Am.

v. 2. p. 153. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 446. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 86. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 239.

Has. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay, and in saline marshes in lat. 60°. Dr. Richardson.— The L. gracilis of Mr, Nuttall (L. Nuttallii, Roem. et Sch.), is a still slenderer plant thanthe present, with smaller flowers, shorter pedicels, bibracteate at the base, but des- titute of the two glands upon the pedicel, and the germen is obtuse at the base.

3. L. Claytoniana; erecta simplex pubescens, foliis oblongis subintegerrimis ciliatis basi attenuatis, radicalibus obovato-spathulatis, racemo gracili elongato nudo, bracteis solitariis pedicello eglanduloso longioribus, calycis glabri laciniis subulatis tubo corollae parum brevi- oribus.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 153. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 447. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 265.

Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 240.—L. pallida. Muhl.—Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 86.—L. spigata. Lam.

Has. On the Saskatchawan, apparently rare, as very few specimens are in the Collection. Drummond.

4. L. inflata ; pubescens, caule erecto simplici vel ramoso, foliis oblongo-ovalibus denta- tis inferioribus in petiolum brevem attenuatis, racemis basi foliosis, capsulis globosis inflatis.—

Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 152. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 448. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 86. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 266.

Has. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.

5. L. syphilitica; subhirsuta, caule erecto simplici, foliis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque brevi- acuminatis dentatis infimis in petiolum attenuatis, racemo elongato basi folioso, calycis hir- suti laciniis subulatis tubo corolle brevioribus sinubus reflexis.— Lnn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 447. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 256.

Has. Lake Huron, abundant. Dr. T'odd.— Flowers blue, vastly larger than any of the preceding species, and next in size to those of L. cardinalis.

6. L. cardinalis; glabra, caule erecto simplici, foliis lato-lanceolatis serratis, racemis elon- gatis secundis, floribus erectis, calycis glabri laciniis subulatis tubo elongato corolle brevio- ribus, staminibus exsertis.—Linn.—Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 320. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 448. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 85. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 242.

Has, Throughout Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.

4. CLINTONIA. Dougl.

Cal. superus, pentaphyllus, subzequalis. Corolla monopetala, bilabiata, labio inferiore cuneato trilobo superiore erecto bipartito. Stamina in tubo connata, incurva. Anthere connate, duabus apice setigeris. | Ovarium siliquiforme triangulare, contortum, uniloculare, placentis duabus parietalibus. Capsula arida, chartacea, polysperma, in valvulis => lo-

Vaccinium.] VACCINIEA. 31

riformibus dehjscens.—Herba annua, procumbens, microphylla. Flores solitarii, axillares. Lindl. 1. C. elegans. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1241.

Herba annua procumbens, parum ramosa, glabra. Caulis teres, angulatus. Folia sessilia, ovata, trivenia. Flores solitarii, axillares. Ovarium sessile, longe acuminatum, foliis 4—5-plo longius, triangulare, contortum. Corolla cerulea, labio inferiore medio macula alba. Anthere cwrulez. Stigma conicum, barba papillosa cir- cumdatum. Capsule foliis multoties longiores. Pollen ovale medio sulcatum. Lindl. l. c.

Has, Common on overflowed grounds, near the sources of the Multnomack, and in the vallies of the western side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas.—1 have preferred giving Professor Lindley's remarks upon this interesting plant, made from living specimens, to any I could offer from the dried one. Thesame able Botanist observes that it exhibits an inst of unilocular fruit with parietal placente, in an Order which has multilocular fruit and axile placent; yet, what is very remarkable, this deviation from the normal structure of the Order is unaccompanied by any corresponding irregularity in the other parts of the fructi- fication. As cultivated in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, “it forms one of the most beautiful annuals with which we are acquainted. Notwithstanding the want of spreading foliage to give its flowers effect, the latter are of so brilliant a colour, that the plants, when grown in broad patches, resemble a carpet of silver and blue.” :

On». LIII. VACCINIEZE. De Cand. 1. VACCINIUM. Linn.

Cal. ovario adhaerens limbo 4-5-dentato. Cor. l-petala, ovata, campanulata seu rotata limbo 4-5-fido. Stam. 8, perigyna. Anthere bicornes apice poris dehiscentes, dorso non raro bisetose. Ovarium subglobosum. Stylus simplex. Stigma obtusum. Bacca globosa, 4—5-locularis. Semina pauca, minuta. Frutices humiles. Folia sparsa latiuscula, decidua vel persistentia exstipulata. Flores sepe ante folia, solitarii vel racemosi, nutantes, inodori, sepissime incarnati. Bacce plerumque edules.

A. corollis ovatis seu campanulatis. Vaccinium. ` * Foliis deciduis. Floribus racemosis.

1. V. resinosum ; foliis brevi-petiolatis ovali-oblongis integerrimis opacis subtus priecipue resinoso-punctatis, racemis lateralibus secundis bracteatis, corollis ovatis subangulatis.— dit. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 230. Bot. Mag. t. 1288. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 286. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 498. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. p. 416.

Han. Canada. Pursh. Mrs. Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Drummond,

2. V. corymbosum ; ramis floriferis subaphyllis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis junioribus pubescentibus, racemis compactis bracteatis, corollis ovato-cylindraceis.— Linz. —Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 286. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 498. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. SC Un. St. v. 1. p. 416. =V. Sege Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 231.—V. amenum. Ait.— Pursh. `

Has. About Quebec. Cleghorn. Mrs. Percival. Lake Huron. Dr. "Todd. Newfoundland. Dr. Mor- rison.—Pursh describes the berries as black, Bigelow, as being covered with a blue powder.

32 VACCINIEJE. [ Vaccinium.

3. V. Pennsylvanicum ; folis sessilibus ovali-lanceolatis subserrulatis junioribus nervis pubescentibus, racemis fasciculatis subterminalibus, corollis ovatis.— Lam. Dict. v. 1. p. 12. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 232. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 416.— V. tenellum. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 150. (non Ait.)

Has. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison.—This appears to be a very common species in Canada, judging from the number and various localities of the specimens that have been sent to me, Some of these, indeed, so far as can be judged in the dried state, seem to be very nearly allied to V. corymbosum, differing chiefly in the smaller size, more frequently serrulated leaves which are most copious on the flowering branches, and the shorter corollas. Berries clothed with a blue farina.

4. V. Canadense ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis subtus precipue pubescentibus ad nervos patenti-hirsutis, floribus fasciculato-racemosis, corollis ovatis.—Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 12.

Has. Throughout Canada from Lake Huron (Drummond,) to Bear Lake, (Dr, Richardson,) and from Missinabbie River, Hudson's Bay (Mr. Bolton, Douglas,) to the sources of the Columbia, ( Drummond,) and thence probably to the mouth of that river, (Douglas.)—Of this, the flowers, fruit, and the foliage, in shape, very much resemble those of V. Pennsylvanicum, but the leaves, especially below, and in the oldest state, are clothed with a rather copious pubescence, and the nerves are rendered more conspicuous by the abundant spreading hairs, Berries as in the preceding species.

* * Foliis deciduis. Pedunculis unifloris.

5. F. uliginosum ; foliis obovatis obtusis integerrimis subtus glaucis venosis, floribus sub- solitariis, corollis ovatis.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 581, (foliis nimis acutis.) Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 235. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288. Rich. in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 12. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 153. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 417.

Has. From the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay to the extreme Arctic shores and islands, Dr, Rich. ardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. N,W. coast of America, probably far north of the Columbia. Mr. Menzies. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—In the low lands this plant does not appear to exist south of the Saskatchawan. In the United States, the summits of the White Hills of New Hampshire, where it was first detected by Dr. Bigelow, and Dr. Boott, is the only known station for it. A variety, slightly downy on the underside, found in Greenland, is the V. pubescens of Hornemann in Fl. Dan., of which specimens are in my Herbarium.

6. Y. salicinum ; foliis cuneato-lanceolatis cuspidatis integerrimis glaberrimis subcoria- ceis reticulato-venosis, floribus solitariis breviter pedunculatis axillaribus. Cham. in Linnea >

v. 1. p. 525.

Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso, ( in Herb. nostr.)—This has remarkably narrow and cuspidate leaves.

1. V. myrtilloides ; foliis ovalibus utrinque acutiusculis subserratis opacis membranaceis juni- oribus ad nervos subpubescentibus, floribus ovato-globosis axillaribus solitariis.—Mich. Am. v. 1 p. 234. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288.— V. angustifolium, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 1.538. macrophylla ; foliis majoribus. V. Myrtillus, var. Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.—V. membranaceum. Dougl. MSS.—7.? rigidum ; foliis subcoriaceis.

Vaccinium.] VACCINIE 4, 33

Haz. Canada to Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Newfoundland and Labrador. (Ait.) Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Hills and alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids and vallies on the west side of the Rocky Mountains; a common fruit, purplish-brown, and much esteemed by the natives. Douglas.—$8. and y. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies.—Michaux's name is certainly very applicable to this plant; more so than his character of the leaves (folia angusto-lanceolata). On the other hand, Aiton's character, especially of the leaves (elliptico-lanceolata), is more correct than his name; hence I have preferred Michaux's, though the Hortus Kewensis has the right of priority. Iam doubtful about Mr. Menzies’ plant, which has thicker and more coriaceous, and somewhat shining foliage.

8. P. Myrtillus; ramis acute angulatis viridibus, foliis ovatis serratis glaberrimis nitidis, floribus solitariis.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 456.—f. microphyllum; foliis 2-3 lineas longis.

Has. Unalaschka? Chamisso.—f. Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portage. Drum- mond,—The specimens have no flower, but there can be no question of this plant being a variety of V. Myr- tillus. Chamisso’s specimens from Unalaschka were so imperfect that he could not determine whether they really belonged to this species or not; their leaves are said to be entire at the margin, or with a very few and obsolete teeth.

9. V. cespitosum; pusillum, ramis ceespitosis, foliis obovatis basi cuneatis membranaceis serratis venosis nitidis, floribus (numerosis) solitariis, corollis oblongis suburceolatis, anthera- rum poris longe tubulosis. (Tas. CXXVI.)— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 234. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288.— 8. foliis majoribus.

Radix longe descendens. Caules breves, ceespitosi. Folia densa, parva, obovata vel oblongo-ovata, basi cuneato-attenuata, serrata, membranacea, reticulatim venosa, Flores numerosi, solitarii, pendentes, Pedi- celli breves. Corolla oblonga, suburceolata, 5-dentata. Anthere loculi superne valde producti, tubulosi, dorso longissime aristati. Bacce magn, globose, cæruleo-cæsiæ, edules.

Has. About Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Dry elevated spots, and in pine woods of the Rocky Mountains; about Lake Winipeg, and on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. In the vallies on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas.—f. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies.

Tas. CXXVI.—Fig. 1, Flower; jig. 2, Stamen; ‚ig. 3, Pistil.

10. Y. ovalifolium; foliis ellipticis muticis membranaceis integerrimis glabris subtus præ- cipue venosis, ramulis angulatis, floribus ante folia bracteatis solitariis, corollis oblongo-ovatis. (Tas. CXXVII.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.

Frutex 10-12-pedalis. Rami teretes, glabri: ramuli angulati. Folia adulta unciam longa, elliptica, mem- branacea, glabra, subtus precipue venosa. Flores axillares, solitarii, pendentes, e fasciculis foliorum juniorum terminalium, bracteati; bracteis ovatis, concavis, caducis. Corolla ovato-oblonga, suburceolata. Anthera loculi superne longe producti tubulosi, dorso bisetose. Bacca cesio-nigra.

Has. North-west Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Columbia River, near its confluence with the Sea, (Dr. Scouler), and on the mountains of the Grand Rapids. Douglas. Woods at the junction of the Portage River and the Columbia.

. Tas. CXXVIIL— Fig. 1, Tuft of young leaves, and a flower; jig. 2, Front view of a stamen: fig. 3, Back view of do.; fig. 4, Flower:—magnified.

11. Y. parvifolium; foliis ellipticis mucronatis integerrimis membranaceis glabris subtus glaucis venosis, caule ramisque acute angulatis, floribus solitariis, corollis globosis. (Taz. CXXVIII.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.

VOL. II. E

34 VACCINIE A. [Vaccinium.

Tota glabra. Caulis acute tetragonus, angulis fere alatis, ramis acute angulatis, Folia alterna, sub- disticha, elliptica, mucronata, membranacea, integerrima, glabra, supra obscure subtus magis venosa subglauca. Flores axillares, penduli. Pedunculi superne incrassati. Corolla globosa, 5-fida. Anthere fere utin V. ova- lifolio. > Bacce rubrze.

Has. North-west Coast. Mr. Menzies. Common at Fort Vancouver, and along the sea-shore of the Co- lumbia, in shady woods. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.

Tas. CXXVIIL— Fig. 1, Flower; jig. 2, Anther :—magnified.

*** Foliis senpervirentibus.

12. Y. Vitis Idea; foliis obovatis subtus pallidis punctatis marginibus parum revolutis subintegerrimis, racemis brevibus terminalibus nutantibus, corollis campanulatis, antheris muticis.— Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 598. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 229. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 269. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 418.

Has. Canada (Pursh), and from Newfoundland (Dr. Morrison, Miss Brenton) and Labrador (Dr. Mor- rison) to Hudson's Bay (Douglas). Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. N.W. Coast. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.) Unalaschka. Chamisso (in Herb. nostr.) E

13. V. ovatum; ramis hispidis, foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis coriaceis glabris nitidis margine serratis revolutis, racemis brevibus axillaribus nutantibus, corollis campanulato-glo- bosis 5-dentatis, dentibus calycinis majusculis acutis.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 290. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1354.

Has. Columbia. Menzies. Lewis. Common in rocky places on the N.W. Coast, from lat. 40° to 490, Douglas. Dr. Scouler.—Fruit black and pleasant. Douglas.

14. V.obtusum; repens, foliis parvis utrinque rotundatis obtusis mucronatis integerrimis glabris coriaceis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 290. Has. North-West Coast. Menzies. (in Herb. Banks. according to Pursh.) — This is placed by Pursh among the species with evergreen persistent leaves; but it is a plant unknown to myself, asit was to Sir James E. Smith. B. Corollis rotatis. Oxycoccos.

15. Y. Oxycoccos; repens filiformis, foliis persistentibus ovatis acutis coriaceis glabris aveniis subtus glaucis, pedunculis 1-4 elongatis terminalibus, corollis 4-partitis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 228. Engl. Bot. t. 319.—Oxycoccos vulgaris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 263. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 394.—O. palustris, «. Pers.— Rich. in Frankl. Let Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 12. :

Has. Canada. Pursh. Swampy places, from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd), Newfoundland (Mr. Cormack, Miss Brenton), Labrador (Dr. Morrison) to the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond), and to the Arctic sea- shore. Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E. Parry, &c.

16. V. macrocarpum; repens, ramis erectis, foliis persistentibus oblongis coriaceis glabris venosis subtus albidis, pedunculis lateralibus elongatis basi bracteatis aphyllis, corollis 4-par- titis.—4it.— Bot. Mag. t. 2086. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 154.—V. Oxycoccos, 8. oblongi- folium. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 228.—Oxycoccos macrocarpus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 268. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 393.

Gaultheria.] ERICEZ. ) 35

Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. Mr. Cormack. Miss Brenton. Plentiful in swampy grounds near the con- fluence of the Columbia with the Pacific, where its berries are boiled and eaten by the natives under the name of Soolabich. Douglas.

SUBCL. COROLLIFLORE. DC.

Or. LIV. ERICEZE. Juss. 1. GAULTHERIA. Z.

Cal. 5-4-fidus, basi carnosus infra bracteatus. Corolla ovata, limbo brevi 5-4-fido. , Stam. 10-8. Filamenta plana seepe hirsuta, imz corollee inserta v. hypogyna. Anthere apice bifide, lobis biaristatis vel muticis. Discus hypogynus 5-10-dentatus vel nullus. Capsula calyce baccato inclusa, 5-locularis, valvis medio septiferis. Semina angulata.

EG procumbens; caule procumbente, ramis erectis inferne nudis, foliis obovatis basi at- tenuatis ciliato-serratis, floribus aggregatis subterminalibus nutantibus, disco hypogyno 5-dentato, filamentis pilosis, antheris bisetosis.— Linn.—Mich. Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 249. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1.p. 283. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 501. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 164. Torrey, Fl.

of Un. St. v. 1. p. 412.

Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard; and this seems to be its most northern limit. ;

2. G. Myrsinites; humilis, ramis czespitosis radicantibus, foliis late ovatis ciliato-serratis, floribus solitariis pluri-bracteatis, corolla vix calycem longiori, antheris muticis, filamentis glabris, disco hypogyno nullo. (Tas. CX XIX.)

Caulis brevis, ramosus ; rami plurimi, czespitosi, procumbentes, longe radicantes. Folia late ovata, coriaceo- membranacea, nitida, venosa, ciliato-serrata. Flores minuti, solitarii, axillares. Pedunculi perbreves, brac- teati, bracteis 4-5 ovatis. Ca/yz basi carnosus, limbo 5-fidus. Corolla vix calyce longior, 5-fida, subcam- panulata. Filamenta pistillo paulo breviora, glabra. Anthere oblonge vix apice bifide, aristis nullis. Dis- cus hypogynus nullus. Ovarium depresso-globosum, 5-lobum, calycis basi carnosa incrassata insidens. Stylus cylindraceus. Stigma simplex. Fructus; capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, calyce ampliato baccato rubro tecta; valvis medio septiferis. Semina numerosa, reniformi-angulata, exarillata, nitida, fusca. Albumen carnosum. Embryo axilis, cylindraceus.

Has. Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 54%, Drummond.—T his beautiful little plant is loaded with scarlet berries, which its discoverer describes as “ delicious, and resembling the pine-apple in flavour.” The anthers differ from those of the other known Gaultherie, but the rest of the fructification and the habit entirely correspond with the present Genus. I ought to observe that the flower is drawn from the only two blossoms 1 could find on the whole of the specimens, and that appearing at an unusual season (while the fruit is in perfection) they were probably smaller than usual, scarcely a line in length, and quite concealed among the foliage.

Tas. CXXIX.— Fig. 1, Leaf; fig. 2, Flower; jig. 3, Corolla; fig. 4, Stamens and Pistil; fig. 5, 5, Back and front view of a stamen; jig. 6, Pistil; go, 7, Section of the ovary ; fig. 8, 8, Fruits; fig. 9, Section of a capsule which has burst, surrounded by the fieshy calyx, and seated upon its thickened base (as in G. pro- cumbens and G. hispidula); fig. 10, 10, Seeds; fig. 11, Section of a seed: —magnified.

36 ERICEJE. [Arbutus.

3. G. hispidula; caule repente filiformi hispido, foliis parvis late ovatis subintegerrimis ciliatis aveniis subtus preecipue hispidis, floribus solitariis 4-fidis, filamentis suborbiculatis pubescentibus, antherze loculis biaristatis, disco hypogyno nullo.— Muhl.— Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 413. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 165.—G. serpyllifolia. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 283. t.13. (fig. mala).—Vaccinium hispidulum. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 223. t. 23.

Has. Swamps. Newfoundland, Dr. Morrison. Miss Brenton. Throughout Canada, and as far as the banks of the Saskatchawan (Dr. Richardson), and thence to the Height of Land on the Rocky Mountains, and to the sources of the Columbia on the West side. Drummond.

4. G. Shallon; suberecta, foliis subcordato-ovatis acutis serratis coriaceis marginibus ra- misque junioribus hispidis, racemis secundis elongatis multifloris bracteatis, pedicello infra - medium bibracteato, corollis ovato-globosis viscidis glandulosis, antherz loculis bisetosis, disco hypogyno nullo.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 284. t. 12. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2843. Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1411.—G. fruticosa. Menzies, (in Herb. nostr.)

Has. North-west Coast. Mr. Menzies. Dr. Scouler. Common over a vast extent of country, from Cape Mendocina to Puget Sound, but never extending 100 geographical miles from the coast. Douglas.—A truly beautiful plant, with the leaves often 4 inches long, and racemes still longer, of a delicate waxy appearance. The fruit is much esteemed by the natives, and made into cakes, which keep for a great length of time, It

is now introduced by Mr. Douglas and Dr. Scouler to our gardens, where it is a great acquisition, bearing copious bl and abundant fruit. .

2. ARBUTUS.

Calyx parvus, 5-partitus. Corolla ovata v. globosa limbo 5-dentato reflexo, basi ssepe diaphana. Stam. 10 basi corolle inserta. Anthere loculi apice poro dehiscentes, dorso aris- tato. Discus hypogynus decangularis. Stigma obtusum. Bacca 5-locularis, polysperma, nunc Drupa subglobosa, putamine 5-loculari, loculis monospermis.

* Bacca polysperma. Arbutus.

1. A. laurifolia ; arborea, foliis oblongis utrinque acuminatis acute serratis glabris, racemis axillaribus secundis sessilibus solitariis. Linn. Suppl. p. 238. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 282.

Has. North America. Linneus: and Pursh suspects on the N. W, Coast, at the Columbia; which is the more probable, as no true Arbutus (excluding Arctostaphylos) is found on the East side of the Rocky Mountains,

2. A. Menziesii; arborea, foliis ovalibus integerrimis vel subserratis coriaceis petiolatis gla- berrimis subtus glaucis, racemis elongatis compositis paniculatis densis pubescentibus, baccis rugosis polyspermis.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 282. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 143.—A. procera. Dougl. MSS. in Hort. Soc. Lond.

Has. North-west Coast. Mr. Menzies. Common at Puget Sound, Columbia River, and N. California, at- taining a large size in hilly situations. Douglas.—This is so closely allied to A. Andrachne, especially to my specimens from southern Tauria, that 1 have hesitated about keeping it distinct. The leaves are perhaps larger; but the figure of that species in Bot. Register, t. 113, admirably represents our plant.

3. A. tomentosa; fruticosa erecta, foliis brevi-petiolatisacutis coriaceis ovalibus ovatisve nunc subcordatis integerrimis junioribus pubescenti-tomentosis, racemis compositis brevibus termi- nalibus congestis folio brevioribus. (Tas. CXX X.)—«. hispida; ramis setosis, setis longis

Andromeda.] ERICER. 37

patentibus.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 282. Hook. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 144.— Arc- tostaphylos tomentosa. Douglas, MSS.—8. nuda; ramorum setis nullis.

Has. Columbia. Menzies. Common on rocky places of the N.W. Coast, from California in the south, to Puget Sound in the north. Douglas.—This plant has, perhaps, a considerable geographical range. From Professor Lindley I possess a specimen gathered at Vera Cruz. Not having seen the fruit, I am doubt- ful whether this species belongs to the present or to the following division of the Genus.

Tas. CXXX.—Arbutus tomentosa.— Fig. 1, var. «.; Jig. 2, Flower and bractea; fig. 3, Stamen, magni- fied; fig. 4, var. 8.:—nat. size. ** Drupa putamine 5-loculari, loculis monospermis. Arctostaphylos.

4, A. alpina; caule procumbente, foliis obovatis basi attenuatis serratis membranaceis marcescentibus reticulatim rugosis, racemo paucifloro terminali.— Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 2030. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 283. Rich. in Frankl. Let Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13.

Has. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Canada. Pursh. Throughout the woody country, from lat. 54° to 64%. Dr. Richardson. Alpine swamps of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—Berries black.

5. A. Uva Ursi; caule procumbente, foliis obovatis integerrimis coriaceis nitidis sem- pervirentibus basi attenuatis subtus preecipue reticulatis, racemo terminali foliis brevi- ore, — Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 249. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 283. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p.165. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 411. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13.

Has. Throughout Canada, and as far as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson. Com- mon on the North-west Coast. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.—On the shores of the Columbia, the leaves are dried at the fire, pounded or bruised by the natives, and mixed with tobacco to render it more mild. It is the J5s-salth of the Chenook Indians.

3. ANDROMEDA. L.

Cal. 5-partitus, coloratus. Cor. campanulata vel urceolata, limbo 5-dentato reflexo. Stam. 8-10 basi corollae inserta, Anthere bicornes, apice poro gemino dehiscentes. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, polysperma, valvis medio septiferis.

* Foliis sempervirentibus.

1. A. hypnoides; procumbens humilis, foliis laxe imbricatis lineari-subulatis, pedunculis solitariis unifloris terminalibus, corolla campanulata 5-fida obtusa, stylo ovato-acuminato, antheris aristis 2 longissimis.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 291. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2936.

Has. North-West Coast. Nelson, in Herb. Banks. (Pursh.) Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Kohlmeister.

2. A. Stelleriana; caule filiformi procumbente, foliis 4—6-fariis linearibus patentissimis ob- tusis supra planis dorso obtuse carinatis, pedunculo brevi terminali subsolitario arcuato, calyce 5-phyllo, corolla lato-campanulata subpentapetala, stylo ovato-acuminato, antheris aristis duabus longissimis. (Tas. CXXXI1.)—Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 58. t. 14. f. 2.—Menziesia Stelleriana. Fisch. in Herb. nostr. —Erica Stelleriana. Willd.—Spreng.

Caulis filiformis, procumbens, inferne radicans; ramis erectiusculis subsimplicibus. Folia 4-6-faria,

38 > ERICEJE. (Andromeda.

linearia, integerrima, obtusa, patentissima, plus minus reflexa, supra plana, subtus dorso obtuse canaliculato. Pedunculus subsolitarius, terminalis, brevis, curvatus, uniflorus. Flos nutans. Calyx pentaphyllus, foliolis ovalibus obtusis valde concavis. Corolla lato-campanulata, profunde 5-partita, fere 5-petala. Filamenta subulata. Anthere didyme, dorso aristis duabus longissimis deflexis. Ovarium globosum, rugosum, Stylus ~ basi insigniter incrassatus. ‘

Has. North-West Coast of America, probably on Banks’ Islands. Mr. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.)—1 am indebted for a small but original Pallasian specimen of this beautiful plant to Dr. Fischer, with which this exactly corresponds.

Tas. CXXXI. Andromeda Stelleriana.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Corolla; ‚fig. 3, Pistil; fig. 4, 5, Anthers; Jig. 6, 7, Leaves:—magnified.

3. A. lycopodioides; caule filiformi diffuso vage ramoso, foliis quadrifariis arcte imbricatis appressis ovatis brevibus crassis obtuse carinatis, pedunculis subgeminis axillaribus, corollis campanulatis.— Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 55. t. 13. f. 1. Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 516.

Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—At first sight this plant resembles a small state of A. tetragona, but it is truly distinct; much slenderer in all its parts, the branches more diffuse and flexuose, the leaves not furrowed on the back, the flowers fewer but larger, and the corolla more campanulate.

4. A. cupressina ; caule suberecto valde subpinnatim ramoso, foliis quadrifariis arcte im- bricatis appressis lato-lanceolatis carinatis, pedunculis solitariis lateralibus. à

Has. Rocky Mountains north of the Smoking River, lat. 46°. Drummond.—This partakes of some of the characters of the preceding and following species, yet is quite distinct from both ; it has nearly the same firm and stout habit as A. tetragona, and is about of the same size; but, like A. lycopodioides, it wants the dor- sal sulcus. Its leaves are longer and narrower than either, and distinctly, and often rather sharply carinated. It is probably a rare, and exelusively an alpine species; very few specimens are in the Collection, and those mostly in fruit. Capsule bearing the dissepimentin the middle of the valves, as is probably the case with all the quadrifariously-leaved species, hence they are true Andromeda, not Menziesi@, whither Dr. Fischer is disposed to refer them. The beautiful A. ericoides, which I have received from Dr. Fischer and Chamisso, and A. Redowskii, which 1 possess from Professor Lehmann, seem to be exclusively Siberian plants, and not to have been found on the opposite or American side of Behring's Straits.

5. A. tetragona; caule suberecto fere pinnatim ramoso, foliis quadrifariis arcte imbricatis appressis ovato-lanceolatis subtriquetris sulco dorsali, pedunculis solitariis axillaribus spar- sis, corollis ovato-campanulatis.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 290. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3181.

Has. From lat, 54? to the Arctic Islands (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E. Parry, $c.) and from Labra- dor on the east (Kohimeister, Dr. Morrison), to the Rocky Mountains, both on the east and on the west side (Douglas). Unalaschka. Chamisso.—Its southern limit is perhaps lat. 44%, where Mr. Douglas finds it on Mount Hood of the Columbia River.

6. A. polifolia; foliis lineari-lanceolatis subtus glaucescenti-albidis, pedunculis aggregatis unifloris terminalibus.— Zinz.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 954. Engl. Bot. t. 113. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 291. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 167. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 419. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13.

Has. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr.

Morrison. Labrador. Pursh. Kohimeister.—' The more northern specimens are smaller, and have much narrower leaves,

Menziesia.] : ERICEJE, 39

1. A. calyculata; foliis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis serrulatis squamuloso-furfuraceis sub- tusque preecipue ferrugineis, racemis terminalibus foliosis secundis, pedicellis bracteatis, co- rollis ovato-cylindraceis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 254. Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 33. t. 11. F 1. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 485. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 419. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 166. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13.

Has. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd), throughout the woody, and part of the barren country. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.

** Foliis deciduis. 8. A. racemosa; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis membranaceis serrulatis glabris, spicis termi- nalibus secundis simplicibus v. ramosis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, calycibus acutis, corollis cylindraceis, antheris aristis quatuor.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 255. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 294. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 492. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 167. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 420. —A. paniculata. Linn. Has. Canada. Pursh.—The flowers are said to be very fragrant.

9. A. ligustrina; pubescens, foliis obovato-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis, ramis floriferis terminalibus paniculatis subaphyllis, floribus secundis, corollis subglobosis pubescentibus, antheris muticis.— MuAl.— Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 490. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 421. — Vaccinium ligustrinum. ZLinn.— Andromeda paniculata. JVilld.— Mich. Aen, v. 1. p. 254. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 295.—Lyonia paniculata. Nutt.

Has. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—The Genus Zyonia is distinguished by Mr. Nuttall from Andromeda by the 5 valves of the capsule being closed by 5 other, and marginal narrow ones. But these narrow marginal ones appear to be only a parenchymatous substance filling up the spaces formed by the introflexion of the true valves, and generally falling away when the capsules have burst; but not unfre- quently remaining attached to one or other of the valves. Dr. Torrey informs us that Mr. Nuttall himself now hardly considers the Genus tenable.

4. MENZIESIA. Sm.

Cal. 4-5-partitus seu 5-phyllus. Cor. monopetala urceolata v. campanulata, limbo 4—5- dentato. Stam. 8-10, basi corollae inserta. Anthere mutice, apice poro gemino dehiscen- tes. Capsula 4—5-locularis, 4—5-valvis, polysperma, dissepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum.

* Foliis persistentibus.

1. M. cerulea ; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis denticulatis, floribus (3-6) fructibusque longe pedunculatis, calycibus acuminatis, corollis ovoideis subpubescentibus (roseis), stigmate incrassato capitato incluso.—Sw.— Engl. Bot. t. 2469. Pursh, Fl, Am. v. 1. p. 265. Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 515. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 149. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 394. — Andromeda caerulea. Linn.—A. taxifolia. Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 64. t. 12. f. 2.

Has. Labrador. Sir Jos. Banks. Kohlmeister. Dr. Morrison.—1t is not certain that this is found any where in North America, except Labrador. In the alpine interior its place is taken by other allied and equally beautiful species. On the N.W. Coast, Chamisso only detected M. Aleutica, which is, perhaps, the one seen by Steller, whom Pallas mentions as having found M. cerulea * on the islands and continent of Ame- rica, opposite Kamtsckatka."

40 ERICEJE. [Menziesia.

2. M. Aleutica; folis linearibus obtusis denticulatis ciliatis, floribus (10-15) breviter fructibus longe pedunculatis, calycibus acuminatis, corollis (ochroleucis) glabris subglobosis, stigmate cum stylo clavzformi squali.— Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 515.—M. phylicifolia. Fisch. in Herb. nostr.

Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso.

3. M. glanduliflora ; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis obsolete glandulosis glanduloso-ser- rulatisque, floribus (4-6) longiusculi-pedunculatis, pedunculo calycibus acuminatis corollisque globoso-conicis (flavis) glanduloso-pubescentibus, stylo incluso. (Tas. CX XXII.)

Has. Rare in the Alpine woods and mountains north of the Smoking River, lat. 56%. Drummond.—A very beautiful and distinct species, 6—7 inches high, with each one of its copious and subfasciculated branches

bearing 5-6 gracefully drooping yellow flowers, clothed, as well as the peduncles, with a rather thick glan- dular down.

Tas. CXXXIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Corolla; fig. 3, Calyx and pistil; fig. 4, 4, Stamens; fig. 5, Upper, and fig. 6, Under side of a leaf: —magnified. :

4. M. empetriformis ; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis glanduloso-denticulatis subtus ca- naliculatis, floribus (10-12) longe pedunculatis, calycibus glabris obtusis, corollis campanulatis (roseis) glabris, stylo incluso.—Sm. in Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 380. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 252.

Has. Nutka on the N. W. Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Pursh gives the Rocky Mountains, and near the mouth of the Columbia River, as other stations, upon the authority of M. Lewis.

5. M. Grahamii; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis obsolete glanduloso-denticulatis, floribus (10-12) longiusculi pedunculatis, calycibus obtusis, corollis brevi-campanulatis (roseis) glabris, stylo filiformi exserto.— M. empetriformis. Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3176. (nec Sm.)

Haz. Alpine woods and open elevated situations of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 55%, Drummond.—On com- paring the specimens of this plant with the original M. empetriformis from Mr. Menzies, I cannot but think them truly distinct. The latter is a much stouter and taller plant, the branches clothed with a smooth white shining bark, the leaves are flatter and thinner towards the edges, the margins distinctly toothed, and so curved back as to form a dorsal groove (“ concave beneath,” Sm.), the flowers are longer, and the style is included.

6. M. intermedia; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis obscure glanduloso-serratis, floribus (4-7) sublonge pedunculatis, calycibus acuminatis basi subglandulosis, corollis (pallide ro- seis) cylindraceo-campanulatis glabris, stylo incluso.

Haz. Woods and open places in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The longer and less expanded co- rolla, included style, and acuminated calycine segments, distinguish this from M. Grahamii, as do the cam- panulate corolla, nearly entire leaves, and smaller size of the whole plant, from M. cerulea.

** Foliis deciduis.

1. M. ferruginea; octandra, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque acutis apice glandula api- culata ciliato-serratis supra pilis longis appressis strigosis subtus pallidis glabriusculis ad cos- tam paleaceis paleis subulatis, pedunculis glanduloso-pilosis, calyce 4-lobo lobis rotundatis fimbriato-glandulosis, corolla ovato-cylindracea.—Sm. Plant. Ic. t. 56.

Has. North-West Coast, Mr. Menzies. Mouth of the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.

Kalmia] | ERICEE. | 41

8. M. globularis; octandra, foliis obovatis obtusis glandula mucronatis basi attenuatis minute ciliato-serratis supra subpubescentibus subtus glaucescentibus glabris costs paleis subulatis minutis, pedunculis glandulosis, calyce 4-lobo fimbriato glanduloso, corolla globoso- campanulata.—** Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 44.” Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 264. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 395.—M. Smithii. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 235.—M. ferruginea, 8. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1571.

Han. Alpine woods north of the Smoking River, in lat. 569. Drummond.—This plant, which does not appear to be known to any of the living American Botanists, seems nevertbeless to have an exten- sive range, being found in Pennsylvania by Muhlenberg, according to Pursh, and on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina by Michaux, according to Pursh and Dr. Sims, for Michaux's Flora gives no station. It has been cultivated in the English Gardens, and the Botanical Magazine exhibits an excellent represen- tation of our plant. The constantly obovate, more membranaceous leaves, glaucous beneath, the compara- tively obsolete glands and hairs, and the different shape of the corolla, will surely abundantly distinguish this species from the true M. ferruginea, which is, besides, exclusively a native of the shores of the Pacific. The latter becomes almost black when dry; the former remains of a delicate green.

5. KALMIA. LZ.

Cal. 5-partitus, persistens. Cor. rotato-campanulata, limbo 5-fido patente. Foveole 5 sub limbo, antheras biporosas recipientes, extus totidem tuberculis prominula. Stam. basi corolle inserta. Anthere mutice. Caps. 5-locularis, 5-valvis: dissepimenta e marginibus introflexis valvarum,

1. K.latifolia; foliis petiolatis alternis ternatisque coriaceis ovali-lanceolatis acutis utrinque viridibus, corymbis terminalibus pubescenti-glaucis viscidis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1.

.p. 258. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am.v. 1. p. 296. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 169. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 431. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 422.

Has. Canada. Pursh.

2. E angustifolia; foliis petiolatis ternatis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis coriaceis subtus sub- ferrugineis, corymbis lateralibus terminalibusque, pedunculis calycibusque pubescenti-glan- dulosis. Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 331. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 296. Bigel. Fl, Bost. ed. 2. p. 110.

Has. Throughout Canada, to Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Mrs. Percival. Newfouudland. Mr. Cormack. Miss Brenton.

‚3. K. glauca; ramis ancipitibus, foliis oppositis subsessilibus oblongis coriaceis glaberri- mis marginibus revolutis subtus glaucis, corymbis terminalibus, pedunculis calycibusque glaberrimis.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. p. 64. t. 8. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 257. Curt. Bot. Mag. p. 117. Pursh, Fl. Am..v. 1. p. 296. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 110. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 423.—8. rosmarinifolia ; foliis linearibus marginibus magis revolutis subtus vix glau- cis. Ph.—y. microphylla; foliis vix semipollicaribus subovalibus. `

Has. æ. and D throughout Canada, from Lake Huron, extending beyond the woody regions, but scarcely, I believe, to the Arctic Circle. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Miss Brenton. On low 'swampy grounds of the Columbia, near the Pacific, rare. Douglas. —y. Swamps in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.

VOL. II. F í

42 ERICEJE. [Rhododendron.

6. EPIGAA. L.

Cal. 5-partitus, bracteis tribus suffultus. Cor. hypocrateriformis, tubo intus hirsuto, limbo patente quinquefido. Stam. basi corollee inserta. Anthere rimis geminis longitudine de- hiscentes. Stigma sublobatum. Caps. 5-locularis, 5-valvis, polysperma; valvarum margini- bus introflexis dissepimenta formantibus.

l. E. repens; ramis petiolis nervoque hirsutissimis, foliis cordato-ovatis integerrimis, corollis cylindricis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 250. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 297. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 501. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 164. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 428.

Has. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Throughout Canada, (Michaux, Mrs. Percival, Mr. Sheppard,) and as far as the Saskatchawan. Drummond.

7. RHODORA. L. ; Cal. 5-dentatus, persistens. Cor. calyci adnata, ringens, subdipetala; petalo superiore profunde bi-tripartito, inferiore latiore bilobo. Stam. declinata; filamenta inæqualia. An-

there biporosæ. Caps. 5-locularis, 5-valvis, loculis polyspermis; dissepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum.

1. R. Canadensis.—Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 259. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 144. Pursh, El. Am. v. 1. p. 298.

Has. Canada, near Sorel. Michaux. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. Lady Dalhousie. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. 8. RHODODENDRON. Don. Torrey. Cal. profunde 5-partitus, persistens. Cor. infundibuliformi-campanulata, rarius rotata, limbo 5-lobo patente lobis nunc subinæqualibus. Stam. 5-10, hypogyna, sæpe declinata.

Anthere apice biporosæ. Stigma capitatum. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis; dissepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum, Semina arillata.

* Floribus pentandris (foliis deciduis.)

1. R. nudiflorum ; subnudiflorum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis utrinque glabriusculis conco- loribus nervo supra lanuginoso subtus setigero margine ciliatis, floribus amplis non viscosis, tubo laciniis longiore, calycis dentibus brevibus ovali-subrotundis, staminibus longissime ex- sertis. Ph.— Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 424.—Azalea nudiflora. Linn.—Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 180. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 240. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 82.—A. periclymenoides. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 153.

Has. Canada. Pursh.

2. H. viscosum ; foliosiflorum, ramis hispidis, foliis oblongo-obovatis acutis utrinque gla- bris concoloribus nervo setigero margine ciliatis, floribus viscosis, tubo laciniis duplo lon- giore, calycis dentibus brevissimis rotundatis, filamentis corollz vix longioribus. Ph.— Tor- rey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 424.—Azalea viscosa. Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 150. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 153. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 241. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 82.

Has. Canada. Pursh.

Rhododendron.] ERICEJE. 43

* * Floribus plerumque decandris.

3. R. maximum; foliis oblongis acutis subtus discoloribus, umbellis terminalibus, calycis laciniis ovalibus obtusis, corollis campanulatis. PA.—.Linn.— Bot Mag. t. 951. Mich. Am. v. 1. p.259. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 29%. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 433. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 168. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 426?

Has. Canada. Fursh. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies. Douglas.—Specimens without flower, with leaves a

span long, and probably belonging to this species, were gathered by Mr. Douglas on the summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids, and on those forming the subalpine region of Mount Hood, but rarely.

4. H. Lapponicum; humile, procumbens, ramis divaricatis, foliis persistentibus ellipticis obtusis rigidis foveolato-punctatis subtus discoloribus lepidotis marginibus reflexis, floribus umbellatis 5-8-andris, corollis rotato-infundibuliformibus.— Wahl. Lapp. p. 104. Torrey, Fi. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 426. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3106.— Azalea Lapponica. Linn. Fl. Lapp. p. 89. t. 6. f. 1. Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 52. t. 10. f. 1.

Has. Norton Sound. Nelson, Barren grounds from lat. 65° to the Arctic sea-shore, Dr. Richardson, and Islands, Capt. Sir E. Parry. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River, lat. 56°. Drummond, Labrador. Dr. Morrison.—This has been detected on the White Mountains of New Hampshire, United States, by Dr. Bigelow, and Dr. Boott, from whom, as well as from Mr. Greene, who gathered it in the same locality, I have fine specimens.

5. H. Kamtschaticum; humile, procumbens, foliis persistentibus obovatis ciliatis venosis nitidis, calycibus amplis foliaceis, corollis rotatis, staminibus longioribus.— Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 1. p. 48. t. 33. Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 513.

Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Banks’ Island and Port Edgecombe, N.W. Coast. lat. 539. Mr, Menzies, (in Herb. nostr.)

6. R. albiflorum ; erectum, foliis deciduis elliptico-lanceolatis integerrimis membranaceis glabris in apicibus ramorum pedunculisque fasciculatis, calycibus subfoliaceis hispidis, corollis (albis) rotato-campanulatis, staminibus 10 erectis «equalibus. (Tan. CXXXIII.)

Frutex 2-3-pedalis, erectus, ramosus, cortice fusco glabro tectus. Folia in apicibus ramorum fasciculata, decidua, membranacea, elliptico-lanceolata, glabra, brevissime petiolata, stipulata; stipulis ovatis, membrana- ceis, concavis, deciduis. Pedunculi fasciculati, laterales et terminales, unciam longi, appresso-setosi, uniflori. Calyx persistens, tubum corollz zequans, 5-partitus, appresse setosus, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis subfoliaceis. Stamina 10, sequalia, erectiuscula. Filamenta subulata, inferne hirsuta. Ovarium 5-lobum. Stylus hir- sutus. Stigma 5-lobum. Capsula coriacea, hirsuta. Semina scrobiculata. 2

Has. Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—A very beautiful and most distinct species, which would be a great ornament to our gardens if it could be introduced.

Tas. CXXXIII. Rhododendron albiflorum.—A. Flowering specimen, nat. size; fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Calyx, stamen, and pistil; fig. 3, 4, Anthers; fig. 5, Section of the ovary; fig. 6, Stigma, magni/ied.— D. Portion of a fruit-bearing branch, with gemmiferous scales, whence the leaves of the following year arise; fig. 1, Capsule, with its persistent calyx; fig. 8, Capsule, bursting; fig. 9, 9, Seeds, covered with the arillus; ‚fig. 10, Seed deprived of the arillus; fig. 11, Embryo ;—magnified.

44 MONOTROPEE. [ Tolmiea.

9. AZALEA. Don. Hook. (Azaleæ Sp. L.)

Cal. 5-partitus. Corolla brevi-campanulata, regularis. Stam. 5, basi corollæ inserta, recta, equalia. Anthere rima longitudinali dehiscentes. Caps. 2-3-valvis, 2-3-locularis; dis- sepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum.— Frutex humilis, procumbens, ramosissimus ; foliis persistentibus parvis coriaceis nitidis. Flores parvi, racemosi, terminales, rosei.

1. A. procumbens.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 154. Engl. Bot. t. 865. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. App. p. 82. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 232.

Has. Barren grounds from lat. 65° to the Arctic Islands. Dr. Richardson. Captain Sir E. Parry, $c. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Banks' Islands and Mount Edgecombe, lat. 549. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies.— This has been found on the White Mountains of New Hampshire by Drs. Bigelow and Boott, and by Mr. Greene.

10. LEDUM. Z.

Cal. 5-dentatus persistens. Pet. 5, patentia. Stam. 10, receptaculo inserta. Filamenta capillaria aequalia, recta. Stigma 5-lobum. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, valvis e basi sur- sum dehiscentibus. Semina numerosa scrobiculata.

1. L. palustre; foliis oblongis linearibusve margine revolutis subtus ramisque junioribus ferrugineo-tomentosis, stamina 5-10 corolla longioribus. Mich.—«. angustifolium, foliis linearibus, floribus decandris.—L. palustre. Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 30. Hook. in Fl. Lond. 2d Ser. t. 210.—8. latifolium; foliis oblongis staminibus non raro 5.—L. latifolium. Ait.— Jacq. Ic. Rar. v. 3. p. 464. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 300. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 172. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. p. 437.

Has. Chiefly in the more northern and barren regions. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Mr. Cormack. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Kohlmeister. Hudson's Bay (Dr. Richardson) to the Arctic sea- shore and Islands (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir. E. Parry, &c.); often, however, mixed with specimens which cannot be distinguished from 2. Cape Newenham. N. W. Coast, lat. 599. Mr. Menzies. Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Chamisso's Island in Behring's Straits. Chamisso.—Much used as a substitute for tea: the narrow-leaved var. is said by Dr. Richardson to be preferred. ` ES

Orv. LV. MONOTROPEJE. Nutt.

1. TOLMIEA. (nov. Gen.)

Calyx profunde 5-partitus, laciniis longis linearibus demum foliaceis persistentibus. Cor.

- 5-petala, petalis obovatis patentibus deciduis. Stam. 10 hypogyna. Anthere basi inserte, biloculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes, fissura superne latiore. Ovarium globosum liberum. Stylus elongatus, (siccitate) spiraliter tortus. Stigma dilatato-capitatum. Capsula 5-loba, 5-locularis, loculis medio longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Receptacula axilia. Semina nu- merosa, scrobiculata.— Frutex glaber, ramis lignosis cortice laxo deciduo obtectis: Folia

Pyrola) MONOTROPEE. ` | 45 sparsa decidua, in ramos articulata, lanceolata, mucronata, omnino sessilia, oblique obscure venosd. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii? uniflori, folio breviores, bracteati ; bracteis linearibus.

1. 7. occidentalis.

Has. North-West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies.—Much as the flowers of this interesting plant accord in general structure with Pyrola, I can by no means consent to its forming a species of that Genus. The habit is totally different, and more like that of a Kalmia than a Pyrola. I have seen no other specimens in my Herbarium, except those (not very perfect ones) from Mr. Menzies. I have named the Genus in honour of Mr, Tolmie, one of my most zealous Botanical pupils, and now resident, as Surgeon in the Hudson's Bay Company's Service, in Puget Sound, N. W. America, where, it is to be hoped, he will rediscover this plant, and enable us more fully to illustrate its history.

.2. PYROLA. L.

Cal. 5-fidus, seu 5-partitus. Pet. 5 decidua, erecta v. patenta. Stam. 10. Anthere apice insertae, pendulee, apice subbicornes poris duobus superne dehiscentibus. Ovarium subglo- bosum 5-lobum. Stylus rectus vel curvatus. Stigma 5-lobum, nunc annulatum. Capsula 5-locularis, loculis medio longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. eceptacula axilia. Semina nu- merosa, scrobiculata.— Herbae viz suffrutescentes, humiles. Folia sempervirentia, subrotunda, rarius oblonga, longe petiolata, integerrima vel dentata. Scapus nudus vel squamosus, sim- plex. Flores racemosi rarius uniflori, albi, lutescentes vel rubicundi.

* Stylus rectus. Stamina erecta.

1. P. uniflora ; caule unifloro, foliis orbicularibus serratis, stigmate magno lobis 5 erectis. —Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 146. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 113. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p.454. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2.

App. p. 18.

Has. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) throughout Canada to lat. 64° (Dr. Richardson), and from New- foundland (Mr. Cormack, Dr. Morrison, Miss Brenton), and Labrador, ( KoAImeister, Dr. Morrison) to the woody country in the Rocky Mountains. Observatory Inlet (Dr. Scouler), and near Mount St. Helens on the West Coast, in shady woods, but not nearly so common as on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. ( Douglas.)

2. P. minor; foliis ovato-rotundatis crenatis, floribus racemosis styli inclusi longitudine, stigmate dilatato lobis 5 radiatis.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 158, et t. 2543 (P. rosea.) Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 434.

Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Woods in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Barren country from lat. 64° to the Arctic Coast (Dr. Richardson) and Islands ( Captain Ross). Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Obser- vatory Inlet, N. W. Coast.; Dr. Scouler. Unalaschka, Chamisso.—The American plant exactly accords with the European. Petals rounded, concave, not spreading.

3. P. secunda; foliis ovatis acutis, floribus racemosis omnibus secundis, stylo exserto, stigmate dilatato 5-lobo.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 307. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 250. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p.299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 174. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 434. Rich. in Frankl. 1st. Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 18.—8. foliis angustioribus acuminatis.

Haz. Throughout Canada to the Mackenzie River (Dr. Richardson), and from Newfoundland (Mr. Cor-

16 MONOTROPEE. [Pyrola.

mack, Miss Brenton), and Labrador (Dr. Morrison), to the Height of Land on the Rocky Mountains ( Drum- mond), and the shores of the Pacific, at the mouth of the Columbia (Douglas), and Observatory Inlet (Dr. Scouler.) Bay of Acid. Chamisso.—f. Woods of Portage River, near La Grande Côte. Drummond.

** Stylus declinatus. Stamina adscendentia.

i. P. chlorantha; foliis (parvis) rotundatis subintegerrimis petiolo brevioribus opacis subtus praecipue venosis, racemo paucifloro, calycis (parvi) laciniis ovatis, antheris poris tu- bulosis, stylo decurvo subflexuoso exserto annulato, disco laciniis 5 erectis. (Tas. CX X XIV.) — Sw. Kongl. Acad. Handl. p. 190. t. 5. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 273. Rich in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 13. (excl. syn. P. asarifolie Mich.) Don. in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 232.—P. convoluta. Banks. (fide Don.)—P. asarifolia. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1 p. 433. (excl. syn. Mich. Pursh et Gold.)

Radix subrepens, gracilis. Folia radicalia aut subradicalia, orbicularia, rarius elliptica, petiolo duplo bre- viora, coriacea, opaca, integerrima vel obscure crenata, vix 2 unciam longa, supra obscure venosa, subtus venis reticulatis magis conspicuis. Scapus spithamzeus, nudus vel squama parva solitaria instructus. Ra- cemus 5-6-florus. Flores undique versi majusculi. Calyx parvus. Petala subpatentia elliptica. Anthere poris tubulosis. Stylus declinatus subflexuosus.

Has. Lake Winipeg (Douglas) to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains, thence to Bear Lake. Drummond. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr. Morrison.—This is most allied to P. rotundifolia; but the leaves are smaller than their smallest state in that species, and singu- larly opaque. The flowers are nearly the same in size, but the calyx is much smaller and more appressed; the anthers have two tubular horns, at the top of which the pores are situated. The style is shorter and less flexuose. It agrees in every respect with an original specimen from Swartz, and in America seems to be peculiarly abundant in the latitude of the Saskatchawan, from Hudson’s Bay to the Mountains. The P. chlorantha of Hook. in Parry's 3d Voy. App., should be referred to P. rotundifolia ò. pumila.

Tan. CXXXIV.— Fig. 1. Flower; fig. 2, Stamen ; fig. 3, Back view of an Anther; fig. 4, Pistil:—magnified.

5. P. rotundifolia; foliis subrotundis coriaceis nitidis reticulatis petiolis brevioribus, scapo bracteato, racemo plurifloro, calycis foliolis elongatis membranaceis, antherze poris non tubu- losis, stylo decurvo flexuoso exserto, stigmate annulato, disco laciniis 5 erecto.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 213. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251? Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 113. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 432.— 8. asarifolia ; foliis majoribus reniformi- rotundatis.— P. asarifolia, Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Goldie in Ed. Phil. Journ. v. 6. p. 226. Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 230.— 7. floribus purpureo- roseis. —P. incarnata. Fisch. MSS. in Herb. nostr.—3. pumila; minor, stylo breviore minus flexuoso.— P. pumila. Horn. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 514.—P. Greenlandica. Horn. Fl. Dan. t. 1817.

Han. æ. B. y. (which all appear to grow in the same situations) from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) through- out Canada to Bear Lake (Dr. Richardson), and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. North-West Coast. Douglas. Unalaschka and Kotzebue’s Sound. Chamisso.—3. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Arctic Islands. Capt. Sir E. Parry.— Very numerous specimens of this plant in my Herbarium have satis- fied me that, in regard to foliage, this is a very variable species, and that none of them can with propriety be

Pyrola.) MONOTROPEA. 4T

separated from P. rotundifolia ; whilst some have their leaves less than an inch in length, others are more than 23 inches long, and full 3 inches broad. The flowers are the same shape in all, and essentially distinguished from P. chlorantha by the much larger and more membranaceous calyx, by the anthers destitute of tubular pores, and the longer and more flexuose style. Sometimes the flowers are white, at other times deep rose- colour, with the anthers quite red. There cannot be a question, I think, but the broader and reniform-leaved variety is the true P. asarifolia of Michaux, though some of the American Botanists have taken the P. chlo- rantha for it, which could hardly have suggested Michaux's name.

6. P. occidentalis ; foliis subrotundis membranaceis obsolete denticulatis petiolo simplici du- plo longioribus, racemo paucifloro, laciniis calycinis oblongis obtusis, stigmatis disco 5-lobo. Don, in Wern. "Trans.— Brown, MSS. in Herb. Banks.

Han. Sledge Island, on the N. W. Coast. JVelson.— With this I am unacquainted, unless, as I cannot help suspecting, it may be my var. pumila of P. rotundifolia, with which it sufficiently accords, and which is found in Unalaschka. Mr. Don says it resembles P. minor in general habit, but is much smaller, and pos- sesses characters widely different.

7. P. bracteata; foliis lato-ovatis acutis integerrimis seu leevissime crenatis coriaceis acutis nitidis, scapo subbisquamoso, racemo bracteato, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis flore lon- gioribus, calycis segmentis attenuatis alabastro longioribus.

Haz. N.W. Coast. Dr. Scouler.—Of this I regret I possess but one specimen, and that only in bud, bear- ing two scapes, more than a span long; bracteas very long and much acuminated, as are the calyx-segments. Leaves 2 and 21 inches long.

8. P. elliptica; foliis ellipticis membranaceis opacis obscure dentatis petiolo sublongiori- bus, scapo nudiusculo, calycis parvi laciniis ovatis, antherze poris brevi-tubulosis, stylo de- curvo flexuoso exserto, stigmate annulato disco lobis 5 erectis. (Tas. CX XXV.)— Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 213. Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 233. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 433.—P. rotundifolia. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251.

Has. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada, Mrs Percival, to the Saskatchawan, Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—W ell distinguished by Mr. Nuttall from P. rotundifolia, being very different in the foliage. The flowers are intermediate between those of rotundifolia and chlorantha, having the calyx of the latter, and the longer style of the former; the cells are a little produced below the pores. Blossoms exceedingly fragrant, white.

Tas. CXXXV .— Fig. 1, Flower, before the full expansion; fig. 2, Flower expanded, fig. 3, Petal; fig. 4, 4, Anthers; jig. 5, Pistil.

9. P. dentata ; foliis oblongis coriaceis opacis remote dentatis inferne angustatis longitu- dine petioli, scapo nudo, racemo subsecundo, petalis erecto-patentibus, antherze loculis pau- lulum productis, stylo deflexo flexuoso exserto. (Tas. CXXXVI.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.— Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 235. :

Has. Nutka Sound, N. W. Coast, and Columbia River. Mr. Menzies.

Tas. CXXXVL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Anther; fig. 3, Pistil:—magnified.

10. P. picta; foliis ovatis subserratis, floribus secundis, antherze poris contractis tubulosis stylo curvato, stigmate truncato disco 5-lobo.— S». in Rees’ Cyel.

48 MONOTROPEE. | Monotropa.

Has. Nutka Sound, N.W. Coast. Mr Menzies.—A solitary specimen of what I take to be this plant, I possess from Mr. Menzies, but I feel almost inclined to unite it with the preceding, differing, as it does, only in the more secund and more numerous flowers, and in the shorter leaves more abrupt at the base, with some obscure pale blotches on the upper side, and a reddish tint beneath.

11. P. aphylla; foliis nullis, scapo basi squamato squamis lanceolatis membranaceis, ra- cemo elongato subsecundo, antherze poris tubulosis, stylo deflexo flexuoso, stigmate annu- lato disco dentibus 5 elongatis erectis. (Tas. CX XXVII.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.— Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 227.

Annua. Radix repens, ramosa, fibrosa, fibris tomentosis. Folia omnino nulla! Scapus erectus, pedalis, simplex, angulatus, inferne preecipue squamis lanceolatis erectis in axillis non raro geminiferis, superne spi- raliter tortus. Racemus terminalis, elongatus, subsecundus; floribus majusculis nutantibus. Pedicelli lon- gitudine florum, basi bractea parva munita. Calycis laciniz ovate acute, petalis ovalibus concavis patu- lis 3-plo breviores. Stamina sursum inclinata. Filamenta basi dilatata. Anthere oblonge basi acute,

: medio et lateribus sulcatze, superne cornibus duobus brevibus apice poro dehiscentibus. Ovarium globosum ; stylo arcte deflexo flexuoso, apice annulato, disco dentibus 5 erectis.

Has. North-West Coast. Mr. Menzies. Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler. Plentifulin the dark shady pine woods among Hypnum, from Cape Mendocino to Puget Sound: it does not exist beyond 100 miles from

the Coast. Douglas.

Tas. CXXXVII.— Fig; 1, Flower; np: 2, 3, Stamens; jig. 4, Capsule; fig. 5, Stigma:—magnified. 3. PTEROSPORA. Nuit.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Cor. monopetala, ovata, 5-dentata. Stam. 10. Anthere calcarate. Capsula umbilicata, 5-locularis, 5-valvis. Semina apice alata.— Herba brunnea, viscido-hir- suta. Folia squamiformia. Flores racemosi. Lindl.

1. P. Andromedea.— Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 269, Lindl. Collect. Bot. t. 5. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 429.—Monotropa procera. Torrey, in Eat. Mem. of Bot. ed. 2. p. 324.

Has. Upper Canada, near the Falls of Niagara. Mr. C. Whitlow (in Nutt.) Near Quebec. Mr. Goldie. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. Saskatchawan. Drummond. High mountains of the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, in shady pine woods. Douglas. x

4. MONOTROPA. Z. (Monotropa et Hypopithys, Wutt.)

Cal. 0. Cor. 4-5-petala; petalis basi cucullatis. Stam. 8-10 hypogyna. Anthere trans- versæ, l-loculares, bilabiatæ. Stigma peltatum. Caps. 4-5-locularis, 4-5-valvis. Semina numerosa, scrobiculata.—Herbæ parasitice, aphylle, succulente, siccitate nigrescentes, scapis squamosis, racemosis vel unifloris.

1. M. Hypopithys; glabra, floribus racemosis.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 113. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. l. p. 303. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 431.—Hypopithys Europea. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 271.

i

Has. On the roots of Birch ( Pursh); in the Pine Forests ( Nutt.) of Canada.—I have never seen Canadian specimens of this species; and Dr. Torrey seems of opinion that the following must have been taken for it.

Chimaphila.) MONOTROPEZ. 49

2. M. lanuginosa ; pubescenti-lanata, floribus racemosis.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p.3 266. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 303. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 418. Torrey, v. 1. p. 430.—Hypo- pithys lanuginosa. Nutt.

Haz. Canada. Wood of Portage River. Drummond. N.W. Coast. Menzies.

3. M. uniflora; glabra, flore solitario decandro.—JL.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 266. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 303. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 417. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 85.

Haz. Shady woods, Canada. Lady Dalhousie. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.

5. CHIMAPHILA. Pursh.

Calyx liber, profunde 5-fidus. - Petala 5, concava. Stam. 10. Filamenta erecta, me- dio disco orbiculato hirsuto vel ciliato. Anthere medio affixee, basi breviter bicornes poris dehiscentes. Ovarium liberum, 5-lobum. Stylus perbrevis, crassus. Stigma pelta- tum, planum, dilatatum, 5-lobum. Capsula 5-locularis, ab apice dehiscens. Semina minuta scrobiculata.— Suffrutices caulescentes, ramose. Folia opposita, subverticillata, nunc alterna, coriacea, oblonga, dentato-serrata. Pedunculi terminales, bracteati vel nudi, uniflori vel umbellati.

1. C.umbellata ; foliis verticillatis cuneato-lanceolatis serratis immaculatis basi in petiolum perbrevem angustatis, umbella subquinqueflora.— Pursh, Fl. Am, v. 1. p. 30. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 274.—Pyrola umbellata. Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 778. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 114. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 435. Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 243.

Haz. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, Quebec, Mrs. Percival, and to the Saskatchawan and Rocky Moun- tains, in lat, 53». Dr. Richardson, Drummond; also from near the sources of the Columbia (Drum- mond) to the Pacific. Douglas, Dr. Scouler, Mr. Menzies.

2. C. maculata ; foliis subverticillatis lanceolatis acuminatis grosse serratis brevi-petiolatis discoloribus superne variegatis, umbella 3—4-flora.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 300. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 505. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 275.—Pyrola maculata. L.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 175.

Has. This was gathered in the route from New York to Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchawan ; but whether in British America, or, as is probable, in the United States, is not mentioned.

3. C. Menziesii ; foliis alternis rarius oppositis seu subverticillatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis serratis discoloribus superne immaculatis, pedunculo bracteato 1-2-floro, stylo distincto. (Tas. CXXXVIII.)— Pyrola Menziesii. Br. in Herb. Banks.—Don, in Wern. Trans.

Suffruticosa. Caulis basi decumbens, gracilis, flexuosus, squamosus, squamis late ovatis, concavis, membranaceis. Folia subunciam longa, plerumque alterna, coriacea, sempervirentia, brevi-petiolata, acuta, serrata, subtus purpurascentia, supra viridia, unicoloria. Pedunculus terminalis, bracteatus, plerumque bi- florus; bracteis late ovatis, concavis, membranaceis, fuscis. Flores majusculi, nutantes. Calycis lacinie oblongo-lanceolate. Petala ovalia demum patentissima. Filamenta disco piloso. Stylus quam in 2 speciebus precedentibus longior. Stigma planum, margine obscure 5-lobum.

VOL. II. G

A0 JASMINEE. [Frazinus.

Has. N.W. Coast. Mr, Menzies. On high woody grounds at the base of Mount Hood, near the great Falls of the Columbia ; not common,— Nearly allied to the preceding, but the leaves are much shorter. The peduncle has large concave bracteas, and I have never seen more than two flowers on any specimen.

Tas. CXXXVIIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Flower with the petals spread open; fig. 3, Stamens ; fig. 4, Pistil : —magnified.

[Ozs. When I published my Tolmiea, in the preceding part of this work, I was not aware that it was

already described and figured by M. Bongard, in his Vegetation de Sitcha, under the name of Cladotham- nus pyrolifolius, p. 37. t. 1,—a name which, of course, must be preferred to mine.]

On». LVI. JASMINE. Juss. kb 1. LIGUSTRUM. ZL.

Cal. minutus, 4-dentatus. Cor. tubo brevi limbo 4-fido. Stam. 2, Filamenta brevia.

Stylus brevissimus. Stigma bifidum. Bacca globosa, unilocularis, 2-4-sperma.— Frutices, Folia interdum perennia.

1. L. vulgare; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis glabris, panicula coarctata.— L.— Engl. Bot. t. 164. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 3. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 1. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 7.

Haz. Canada, (not indigenous.)

2, FRAXINUS. Z.

Flores sepe polygami. Cal. 4-partitus v. nullus. Cor. 4-partita v. tetrapetala v. nulla. Stam. 2. Fructus: Samara pendula basi monosperma.— Arbores regiones temperatas habi-

tantes. Folia opposita pinnata. Flores apetali et polygami (Fraxinus), vel hermaphroditi subtetrapetali (Ornus, Scop.)

1. F. sambucifolia ; foliolis sessilibus ovato-lanceolatis serratis rugoso-nitidis basi rotundatis insequalibus axillis venarum subtus villosis, floribus nudis (PA.), samaris ellipticis basi

obtusis apice emarginatis ( Mz.) —JVilld.— Mich. N. Am. Sylv. (ed. Philad. 1819) v. 3. p.122. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 8.

Has. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Michaux. Canada. Willd.

2. F. epiptera; foliolis ad summum 4-jugis oblongo-ovalibus acuminatis subintegris, cap-

sulis obverse lanceolatis apice obtuse emarginatis ima parte teretibus apteris. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 56. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 8.

Has. Canada. Pursh,—I give this as a native of the British possessions on the authority of Pursh, who, however, makes no reference to Michaux, Flora Bor. Am., where the species first appears, and where it is said to be a native of Virginia and Carolina. What I have called F. epiptera, in the Companion to the Bot. Mag., from Drummond’s N. Orl. Coll., (n. 210,) has the leaves quite entire; the ripe samare are 24 inches long, terete at the base; wing very long, (as described by Elliott, and figured by Geertner,) and of nearly the same width to the very apex. Pursh quotes “ F. discolor, Mich. Arb. Forest.;” but in my ed. of the Sylva there is no such plant, either under that name, or under F. epiptera; there, however, is an F. discolor of Muhl. referred to F. Americana, L. (F. acuminata, Lam.) _

X

£

Apocynum.) APOCYNEA. 51

3. F. Americana ; foliolis petiolatis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis integerrimis vel grosse ser- ratis subtus pallidioribus, floribus calyculatis, capsulis basi teretibus ala lineari-lanceolata obtusa leviter emarginata. L.—Willd. Sp. Pl. p. 1102.— F. acuminata. Lam.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 9. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 672. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. v. 3. p. 118. Bigel. Fl. Bost. (ed. 2.) p. 380.

Haz. Canada (Ph.) to the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—This is the only Ash noticed in the Boston Flora of Dr. Bigelow: but I have seen no specimens from Canada exactly according with Pursh's descrip- tion, that is, having the leaflets entire, shining, and glaucous beneath. Some of the leaves are deeply serrated.

4. F. pubescens; foliolis petiolatis elliptico-ovatis serratis subtus petiolis ramulisque to- mentosis, floribus calyeulatis (Ph.), samaris oblongis obtusissimis emarginatis sensim in basin brevem teretem attenuatis.— Walt.—Ph. Fl. Am. v. 1, p. 9.—F. tomentosa. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. t. 119.—-8. foliolis subintegerrimis.

Haz. Canada. Ph. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—$g. Banks of the Columbia. Douglas, Dr. Scouler.

On». LVII. APOCYNEZE. Br.

1. APOCYNUM. Br. Arocynı sp. L.

Cor. campanulata. Tubus denticulis 5 acutis inclusis, laciniis limbi oppositis. Faux nuda. Stam. inclusa. Anthere sagittatee, medio stigmati coherentes, lobis posticis polline vacuis. Ovaria2. Styli subnulli. Stigma dilatatum, apice conico. Squame 5 hypo- gyne. Folliculi graciles, distincti. — Herbæ perennes, erecte. Folia opposita, membranacea. Flores cymosi. Br.

1. A. androsemifolium; folis ovatis supra glabris, cymis terminalibus lateralibusque, tubo corollze calycem bis superante.—Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1, p. 121. Rich. App. p. 9.

Has. Canada and throughout the woody country ; Hudson's Bay. Dr. Wright.— Leaves pubescent be- neath in all my specimens which are from various parts of N. America.

2. A. cannabinum ; foliis oblongis utrinque acutis glabris, cymis paniculatis, calyce tubum corolle equante. Linn. (Tap. CXXXIX.)— Br.— Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 276. Ell. —B. foliis subtus pubescentibus. A. cannabinum. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 122? Ph. Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 179? —A. pubescens. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 276. (viz Br.)

Has. Canada. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—Michaux seems to have misled some of the American Bota- nists by describing the underside of the leaves as “ candicanti-tomentosa,’—a circumstance common enough in A. androsemifolium, but of rare occurrence in A. cannabinum, of which I have only seen one specimen, and that from Lexington, Kentucky, with its leaves downy beneath. The two species are truly distinct in the shape of their leaves, and the relative length of the calyx and corolla.

Tas. CXXXIX.—Fig. 1, Fruit:—nat. size.

52 ASCLEPIADEE. [Aselepias.

3. A. hypericifolium; foliis cordato-oblongis glabris sessilibus mucronatis, cymis folio brevioribus, calyce tubum corollze æquante.—( Tas. CXL.)—Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 1. p. 304. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 179. Torrey, Fl. Am. v. l. p. 276,—A, Sibiricum. Jacq. Hort. v. 3. p. 66. (non Pall. )—P. foliis latioribus.

Haz. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—f. West side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas, — This is a stouter and more upright-growing plant, and less branched, than the preceding; but the upper leaves are sometimes acute at the base, and slightly stalked, and then it is with difficulty distinguished from A. cannabinum, Of the var. &. Mr. Doug- las observes that the flax is used by the tribes residing on the west side of the Rocky Mountains to make their fishing-nets. They are strong, buoyant, and answer the purpose extremely well.

Tas. CXL.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Stamens ; fig. 3, Pistil :—magnified,

On». LVIII. ASCLEPIADEZE. Br. ASCLEPIAS. Br. Ascr. sp. L.

Corolla 5-partita, reflexa. Corona summo tubo filamentorum imposita, 5-phylla, foliolis cucullatis, e fundo exerentibus processum aversum corniformem. Anthere membrana ter- minate. Masse pollinis compresse, apice attenuato affixee, pendula. Stigma depressum muticum. Folliculi (plerumque) leves. Semina comosa.— Herbs Americane erecte. Folia opposita nunc alterna! vel verticillata. Umbellee interpetiolares. Br.

* Folia semper opposita.

l. A. Syriaca; caule subsimplici, foliis oblongo-ovalibus ovatisve acutis subtus tomento- sis, umbellis multifloris, coronz foliolis. ovatis obtusis cornu longioribus intus bidentatis, folliculis muricatis.— Linn.—JPursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 181. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 219.—8. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 114.

Haz, Canada (Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Shepperd) to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.

2. A. variegata; caule erecto simplici, foliis ovatis brevi-petiolatis, umbellis terminalibus, corong foliolis obovatis subcucullatis patentibus cornu acuminato brevioribus intus basin ver- sus bidentatis.—«. major ; foliis utrinque glabris, umbellis densifloris, coronz foliolis late obo- vatis cornu latissimo rostrato.— A. variegata. L.— Bot. Mag. t. 1182. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 181. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 317. Torrey, Fl. v. l. p. 281.—A. hybrida, Mich.—B. mi- nor; umbellis laxis paucifloris, foliis subtus praecipue pubescenti-tomentosis, corone foliolis obovatis cornu angustiore minus evidenter rostrato. (Tas. CXLI.)

Haz. &. Carlton House Fort. Dr. Richardson. Plains of the Red River and banks of the Assinaboine. Douglas —The usual state of this plant I have not seen from British America; nor am I sure that I am correct in considering. this a. variety of that species. Itis smaller in every part; the leaves very downy beneath, and more obtuse at the base; and there are the differences mentioned above in the inflorescence and flowers. The shape of the horn, however, in the solitary specimen I have from Mr, Douglas, is much broader, and more like that of the true A. variegata, than it is in Mr. Drummond's plants.

Tas. CXLI.—Fig. 1, Flower ; fig. 2, Leaflet of the Corona with its horn :—magnified, `

Asclepias.) ASCLEPIADEA. ` 53

3. A. Douglasii; caule subsimplici, foliis cordato-ovatis acutis subtus umbellis multifloris calyce corollisque dense tomentosis, coronæ foliolis ovatis longe acuminatis cornu longi- oribus intus bidentatis. (Tas. CXLII.)

Haz. On low points of land on the banks of streams, west side of the Rocky Mountains; rare. Douglas.— Leaves somewhat resembling the last species, but broader and more coriaceous. The flowers thrice as large, and also remarkable for the great length of the coronal leaflet.

Tas. CXLIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaflet of the corona with its horn.

4. A. nivea; caule erecto simplici, foliis lato-lanceclatis acuminatis membranaceis glabris subtus pallidioribus, umbellis multifloris laxis, corona: foliolis truncatis dentatis cornu bre- vioribus, folliculis leevibus. —Linn.—Bot. Mag. t. 1187. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 181.— P. phytolaccoides. Lyon.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v.1. p. 180. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 319. Torrey, El. v. 1. p. 280. ,

Has. Canada. Dr. Holmes.—1 have received the fruit, which is very rare and had not been seen by Dr. Torrey, from Dr. Darlington. The figure in the Bot. Magazine is excellent; and I think I am correct in uniting Pursh's A. phytolaccoides with A. nivea.

5. A. viridiffora ; caule simplici pubescente, foliis ovalibus oblongis lanceolatisve subses- silibus apiculatis subtus praecipue pubescentibus, umbellis lateralibus densissime multifloris subsessilibus, coronz foliolis oblongis retusis erectis appressis dorso canaliculato longitudine column: cornu nullo. (Tas. CXLIII. A.) —Raf.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p.181. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 264.—A. obovata. Ell.—8. lanceolata; foliis elongato-lanceolatis crispatis. (Tas. CXLIII. B.)—A. longifolia. Mich. ?—A. lanceolata. Ives, in Sillim. Journ.

Haz. Head of Lake Erie. Mr. Goldie. About Carlton House Fort, both æ. and 6. Dr. Richardson. f. Banks of the Red River. Dougl Exceedingly variable in the form and length of its leaves, The species agrees with Gomphocarpus in the absence of the horn to the leaflets ofthe corona, but differs in the smooth follicles. The leaflets of the corona are singularly erect, oblong, retuse, channelled down the back ; the margins incurved and united by their lower half with the neck of the column, each having a small

auricle on either side, at the top of the juncture.

Tas. CXLIII.— Fig. 1, Flower ; fig. 2, Portion of the corona, seen from within :—magnified.

6. A. incarnata; pubescens vel glabra erecta ramosa, foliis oblongis lanceolatisve, um- bellis terminalibus plurimis seepe geminis, columna elongata, coronz foliolis erectis ovali- bus obtusis cornu subulato incurvo brevioribus.—JL.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 115. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 320. Bot. Reg. t. 250. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 281.

Has. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond.—Extremely variable in the length, and breadth, and downiness of the foliage; generally quite glabrous. Frequently, when the stem is otherwise glabrous, a hairy line runs along one side ofit. The figure in Bot. Register is excellent. All that I have received from the American Botanists as A. amena, I cannot distinguish specifically from the present; indeed, the species of this genus have been very ill defined, and require careful revision. The leaflets of the corona and the horn appear to afford some of the best marks of distinction. The A, amena of Sweet's Fl. Garden, t. 82, seems to me referable to a deep-coloured state of A, Syriaca.

54, GENTIANEE. [ Gentiana.

T. A. quadrifolia ; caule erecto simplici paucifoliato, foliis ovatis acuminatis ciliatis oppositis subverticillatisque petiolatis, umbellis terminalibus solitariis v. geminis laxis, coronze foliolis patentibus oblongis obtusis intus basin versus bidentatis cornu longioribus. Jacq. Obs. 2. p. 23. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 183. Elliott, Carol. v 1. p. 319. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 283.

Haz. Canada. Dr. Beck. * * Folia sparsa seu verticillata.

8. A. tuberosa; erecta ramosa pilosa, foliis alternis lanceolatis subsessilibus, umbellis numerosis terminalibus laxis, coronz foliolis erectis lanceolatis intus bidentatis longitudine cornu subulati stricti.— L.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 117. Pursh, Fl Am. v. l. p. 183. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 325. Bot. Reg. t. 16. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 285.

Haz. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—Readily distinguished by its alternate leaves and bright orange-col- oured flowers.

9. A. verticillata ; erecta simplex gracilis, foliis sparsis verticillatisque linearibus, umbellis terminalibus axillaribusque, columna breviuscula, coronz foliolis ovalibus cucullatis cornu curvato brevioribus.—('TAs. CX LIV.)—Z.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 116. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 183. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 324. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 284.

Has. Abundant on the alluvial plains of the Red River, and banks of the Saskatchawan, near Carlton House. Douglas.

D

Tas. CXLIV.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaflet of the corona, with its horn :—magnified.

Orb. LIX. GENTIANEZE.* Juss.

Trib. I. Swerriez. Inflorescentia racemiformis. Sepala sublibera, membrana scariosa intracalycina juncta. Anthere immutate, rima loculorum sursum dehiscente. Capsula co- rolla marcescente plerumque cincta, placentis l. cum endocarpio valvule connatis (semina ex ipsis valvulis oriunda,) l. in sutura valvularum spongiosis unilocularis, l. rarissime placenta centrali bilocularis. Corolla cereula, ochroleuca, l. purpurascens, sepissime punctis con- spersa.—Herbe, plereque zonam arcticam subarcticam, tractusque alpinos, pauce temper- atas terras incolentes.

1. GENTIANA. Z.

Fovee epipetalee glanduliferze 0. Filamenta basi squalia. Stigmata terminalia. Cap- sula unilocularis, placentis cum endocarpio connatis.

Sectio I. Cyanz, Ren.—Corolle plicá intermedia aucte, eglandulose, lobi cum tubo con- tinui. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula stipitata. Testa sepius ala discolori cincta. Herbe perennes.

* [am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Grisebach for the following account of the British North Ameriean Gen- tianee, which he has drawn up purposely for this work.

Gentiana.] GENTIANEE. 55

+ * Corolla clavata apice connivente.

M

1. G. Saponaria (L.); caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis obovatisque margine sca- bris, floribus aggregatis subsessilibus bracteatis, calycis integri lobis tubum subzequantibus, corolla cyanez lobis ovatis obtusis plicá (fissa) duplo longioribus, antheris connatis, semi- nibus anguste alatis. Z. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 330, (excluso citat. Plukn.) Lam. Encycl. 2. p. 637. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 111. Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1039 (excl. syn. Froel. et Mich.) Pursh, Fl. 1. p. 185. (excl. cit. Andr.) —G. Catesbei. Walt. p.109. Nutt. |. p. 172.—G. fimbriata. Vahl, Symb. 3. p. 46.—8. linearis; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, antheris demum liberis.—G. Catesbei. ZU. 1. 339.—G. linearis. Froel. Mon. p. 37. Pursh, 1. p. 186.—G. Pneumon- anthe. Mich. 1. p. 176.—G. pseudopneumonanthe. R. 5. et p. 146.—G. puberula. Mich.? 1. p. 176.

Has.—8. has been collected in Canada, (Mrs. Percival,) in the neighbourhood of Quebec, and at Lake St. Charles. Mr. Sheppard. Yhave seen specimens of the broad-leaved var. from as far northward as Mary- land; but it undoubtedly occurs with its variety Q. at the above-mentioned places, as they by no means specifically differ from each other. I am certain that this is the true G. Saponaria of Linneus ; for his diagnosis, and the drawings which he quotes, viz, those of Catesby (Carol. 1. t. 70) and of Morison (vol. 3. sect. 12. t. 5) leave no doubt of it. The quotation of Plukenet is, however, erroneous. The drawing of Catesby also proves that G. Catesbei (Walt.) is identical with our species; and it is natural that Froelich found fault with that drawing, from the absence of the plicse, which may be easily overlooked in this species, but not in the following. G. Saponaria is much rarer than the following, which has been often taken for it as well by American as European botanists. The variety @. may be still commoner than æ- which has been quite overlooked by some of the American botanists ; as, for instance, Michaux, Elliot, and lately, Beck. This species is always of lower growth, but scarcely smaller-flowered, than the following ; the leaves are somewhat coriaceous; the flowers almost all terminal and crowded: nevertheless, these characters, though valuable in general, are not constant in all cases; but I have not found that the varia- tions which take place in the proportions of the Jobi and plica corolle, ever exceed certain bounds. There are, besides, most valuable characteristic differences afforded by the seeds of these species: G. Saponaria L. has oblong-winged seeds, the wing of which is narrow on both sides, and long and attenuated towards theends; the seeds of G. Andrewsii are orbicular, and very broadly and equali, winged ; while those of G. ochroleuca have no wing at all. The connexion of the anthers, and the length of the lobi calycis, are of much less conse- quence. By the investigation of Sir W. Hooker, (in the Companion to the Bot. Mag. p. 171.) it has been proved that G. Pneumonanthe of the American authors is merely a variety of this species; and however distant they may seem to stand when studied only in their common forms, nevertheless the variety 8. of G. Saponaria is so similar in some cases to G. Pneumonanthe, that it is very difficult to distinguish them. For in those forms in which the plica is quite entire, (as, for instance, in that of Dr. Boott, in the Hookerian herbarium, quoted by himself,) it is impossible to find out any decided difference in the struc- ture of the corolla, I examined authentic specimens from Silesia, the Jobi corolle of which were blunt and somewhat converging. On the other hand, G. Saponaria has sometimes an open corolla, as G. Pneumon- anthe commonly has. But there is a minute character, which seems to be most constant, and >. tainly has an important connexion with the whole of the species—viz. a distinct roughness on the margins of the leaves, so that they appear serrated under a magnifying glass, while G. Pneumonanthe is always en- tirely smooth : I think that that roughness is the remains of those seabrous forms, which exist almost in all American species of Gentiane. x

2. G. Andrewsii (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine

56 GENTIANEJE. [ Gentiana.

scabris, floribus aggregatis subsessilibus bracteatis, calycis integri lobis tubo brevioribus, coroll: cyanez plica fisso-subbiloba lobos corollze obliteratos excedente, antheris connatis, seminibus late alatis. G. Saponaria. Froel. p. 32 (excl. synon.) Nutt. l. p. 172. Elliott, 1. p. 339. Beck, p. 239.— 8. linearis; folis anguste lanceolatis, calycis lobis tubum sub-

zequuantibus, caule asperisculo. G. Catesbei. Andrews Bot. Rep. 6. t. 418. Aiton Hort. Kew. 2. p. 112.

Has. Both forms occur in Canada. Mr. Cleghorn. Lake Huron. Dr. T'odd.—lt is indeed with regret that I must apply a new name to a plant so well known and widely dispersed ; but it seemed necessary to call that plant of Linnaeus which has been proved to be identical with that of Walter G. Saponaria. The confusion of these species arose from Froelich’s Monograph, who confounded this species with G, Sapo- naria of Linnaeus, of which he knew only the variety 8; but that did not agree with Linnaeus’s diagnosis, and was therefore described by him as a new species. The confusion increased, when Michaux took the G. ochroleuca for Linneus’ G. Saponaria. The G. puberula of the former is now a doubtful synonym, all speeies of this group being occasionally rough. If Pursh was right in referring it to G. linearis, F., it belongs to G. Saponaria, L., and would differ from G. Pneumonanthe, Mich. merely by the form of the plica ; but as G. Andrewsii is the commoner plant of the two, it is probable that Michaux designated by his G. puberula the variety £. of the latter, in which case his name should be adopted. It is desirable that this question should be determined by the inspection of Michaux’s herbarium. Pursh does not seem to have well examined these species, as he quotes for his G. Saponaria the plates as well of Andrews as of Sims. He may have considered both the narrow-leaved varieties as one species, viz. his G. linearis, and the chief forms of both species as belonging to a second. This makes indeed the synonym of G. puberula Mich. the more doubtful : the corolla in both forms is described by Pursh in the same way, and indeed most un- satisfactorily. The best description of G. Andrewsii has been published by Elliott.

3. G. ochroleuca (Froel.) ; caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis obovatisque margine scabriusculis, floribus terminalibus aggregatis sessilibus bracteatis, calycis integri lobis in- zequalibus tubum zequantibus, corollae: ochroleuce lobis ovatis obtusis, plica integra acuta brevissima, antheris liberis, seminibus exalatis,—G. major virginiana. Plukn. alm. 166. t. 186. f. 1.—G. villosa. L. sp. pl. 1. p. 830.— G. Saponaria. Walt. p. 109. Mich. 1. p. 116. —G. ochroleuca. Froel. p. 35. Pursh, 1. p. 185. Elliott, 1. p. 340. Beck, p. 239. Sims, Bot. Mag. 1531.

Has. Canada, Mr. Goldie. Grows in sandy fields. —The two preceding species prefer a fat and somewhat humid soil. It is remarkable how much the form of the leaves varies in these species. The most frequent form of G. ochroleuca is perhaps an obovate leaf, but the broadest part is also very often near its base; I have seen many specimens with cordato-lanceolate leaves. Mühlenberg, however, sent to Willdenow a specimen, the leaves of which are almost orbicular. It never occurs so narrow-leaved as the varieties of the preceding species, but generally the form of the foliage is analogous to that of G. Sapo- naria, while G. Andrewsii has commonly longer and narrower leaves, the broadest part of which is near their base. With respect to the similar variableness of the corolla, see the excellent observations of Sir W. Hooker, in the Companion to the Bot. Mag. l. c.

* * Corollá sensim ampliata aperta.

4. G. affinis (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis margine scabris inferioribus obovato- oblongis obtusis, superioribus lanceolatis acutiusculis, floribus subsolitarii soppositis pedi-

Gentiana.] : GENTIANEZE. 5

cellatis bracteatis, calyce integro, corollee cyanez lobis oblongo-lanceolatis plicam apice fis- sam triplo superantibus, antheris liberis, seminibus ovalibus alá tenui cinctis.

Habitus G. Pneumonanthis. Herba ascendenti-erecta, pedalis, Caulis solitarius, striato-subangu- latus, pennam corvinam crassus, simplex, plerumque hirsutiusculo-scaber.” Internodia inferiora semiuncialia, superiora sensim longiora. Folia erecto-patentia, glabra, margine ad lentem serrulata, substantia foliari usque ad punctum connationis producta, inferiora obtusissima (10” longa, 4" Jata), cetera oblongo-lanceolata et lanceolata, rigidiuscula, obsolete 3-5nervia (unciam longa, 14”-24” lata.) Flores solitarii in superi- oribus axillis; inferiores longius pedicellati, tres summi approximati, singuli bracteati. Sepala foliacea, subeequalia, membrana intra calycina duplo breviori conglutinata, oblongo-linearia, acutiuscula, corolla duplo breviora, distantia (hinc membrana illa aucta), calyx truncatus, integer, turbinatus. Corolla (facie Genti 2 this) cyanea, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis, patentibus, tubo triplo brevioribus. Genitalia inclusa. Anthere ovales, basi obtuse cordate. ^ Ovarium oblongo-lineare, utrinque attenuatum, stigmatibus connatis, sub anthesi erectiusculis, Capsula elliptico-oblonga, in brevem stipitem attenuata, corollam marcescentem æquans. Semina creberrima, plana, ovalia, alâ tenui sequali eireumdata.— Differt a G. Saponariá &., cui proxima: inflorescentiá, sepalis acutiusculis nec acuminatis, corolla loborum ac tubi figura, antheris liberis, earum seminum formå; a G. adsurgente. Cervant. mscrpt. floribus bracteatis, corolle lobis oblongo-lanceolatis nec obovatis, rotundatis, caule scabro; a G. triflora Pall. floribus pedi- cellatis, plicá apice fissa, foliis margine scabris, inferioribus latioribus, caule scabro, seminibus alatis; a G. angustifolia Mich. inflorescentiá, floribus bracteatis, corolle lobis obtusis, foliis margine scabris, latiori- bus, etc, ; a G. Pneumonanthe, L. antheris liberis cordatis, plicá apice fissä, foliis margine scabris, inferne densioribus, pedicellis oppositis.

Has. Carlton House to Edmonton House, Mr. Drummond. Vallies of the Rocky Mountains. Mr. Douglas, Mr. Drummond. Abundant in the mountain vallies, between Spokan and Kettle Falls, in allu- vial deposits. Mr. Douglas.—There is a variety in which the under leaves are reduced to scales. This species stands indeed very near those above mentioned,

5. G. angustifolia (Mich.); caule flexuoso, foliis linearibus obtusis (hinc cuspidatis). margine leevibus, flore unico terminali pedunculato ebracteato, calyce integro, corolle cy- aneze lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis plica multifidä duplo longioribus, antheris connatis de- mum liberis.—Mich. 1. p. 177. Pursh, 1. p. 186. Beck, p. 240. —G. purpurea. Walt. Carol. 109.—G. porphyris. Walt. App.— Gmel. Sib. v. 5. p. 462.

Haz. Canada. Mr, Goldie, It grows in sandy fields and pine barrens.— G. frigida, H. and K., has been found by Chamisso on the opposite shore of Behring's Strait, at the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and must undoubtedly occur also on the American side, although it does not seem yet to have been detected.

6. G. Sceptrum (Griseb.); caule stricto elato, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis elongatis obtusis margine leevibus, pedunculis axillaribus oppositis 2-3-floris, calyce integro, corollis uc, plica vix producta integra, antheris liberis. (Tas. CXLV.) i $

Caulis 3-4-pedalis, pennam anserinam (inferne cygneam) crassus, strictus, teres, striatus, A foliosus, przeter inflorescentiam simplex, siccitate flavescens. Internodia inferiora sesquiuncialia, superi- ora subæqualia 2-3 uncialia folia æquantia 1. paullum excedentia. Folia erecta, cauli approximata, inferi- ora elongato-lanceolata (biuncialia), media oblongo-l. elliptico-lanceolata, basi lata, connata apice obtusa, (2-24 unc. longa, 10-12 lin. lata,) superiora elliptico-oblonga (sesquiuncialia, unciam lata,) omnia septem- nervia, nervo medio prominente, levia, glaberrima, margine subrevoluto levi. Ex superioribus axillis enascuntur pedunculi oppositi, nudi, erectiusculi |. apice subcernui, inferiores folium superantes, superiores

VOL. II. H

58 GENTIANEE. [ Gentiana.

vix aquantes, 2-3-flori, floribus subsessilibus in involucro duarum bractearum, (raro 1-flori, flore bibrac- teato.) Flores oblique erecti. Sepala foliacea, distantia, inequalia, ovata lanceolataque, unciam longa, membrana intracalycina duplo breviori. Corolla fere biuncialis, ex basi attenuata sensim ampliata, lobis erectis late ovatis, obtusiusculis, tubo quinquies brevioribus, plica truncata l. breviter triangulari. Stamina tubo breviora, antheris incumbentibus sagittatis. Germen oblongo-lineare, utrinque attenuatum, stylo recto longiusculo. Capsula elliptico-oblonga, in stipitem que longum attenuata, stigmatibus duobus crassis atris reflexis coronata, corollam marcescentem auctam zequans, Semina oblonga, flavo-brunnea, testa grosse areolata, altero latere tenuissime alata, altero exalata, apice et basi processu alzeformi instructa.

Haz, Plentiful in low moist soil near Fort Vancouver. Mr. Douglas. Swamps in woods near the Co- lumbia River. Dr, Gairdner.— This is one of the most beautiful and distinct species of the genus; it has no resemblance whatever with any individual of the group Cyane, and stands nearer, as regards habit, the group of Celanthe, Ren., to which belong G. purpurea, L. and some other species: it is especially like a new one of that group from Kamschatka, but differs from all of them by the long-stalked capsules. The singular inflorescence contributes much to elucidate the pseudo-verticilli of G. lutea, L.

Tas. CXLV.— Fig. 1, Flower laid open :—nat. size.

1. G. platypetala (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis abbreviatis ovato-subrotundis, flore unico terminali sessili, calycis integri lobis ovatis acuminatis, corolle cæruleæ lobis renifor- mibus mucronatis plicam triangularem integerrimam duplo superantibus, antheris liberis.

Radix repens, annulis densis obsessa, superne foliorum emarcidorum vestigiis tecta. Caules plures ex eádem radice, spithamei, inferne nudi, superne dense foliosi. Folia ovato-subrotunda J. ovato-oblonga (8'" longa) internodia superantia. Flos in folia suprema immersus. Calyx patulus, 5-fidus, rubicundus, corolla duplo brevior, sepalis membraná intracalycinà basi connexis. Corolla basi lata, sensim ampliata, unciam longa; lobi erecti, vix 2" longi, ex basi angustiori dilatati, apice fere truncati, pidat ti

' medio latiores quam longi. Plica acutissima. Genitalia tubo multo breviora. Anthere incumbentes. Ovarium elliptico-lineare. Capsula elliptico-oblonga.

Haz, In the island of Sitcha, where it was found during the second expedition of Capt. Kotzebue. 1 have seen specimens in the herbarium of Chamisso, and am not aware that it has been as yet described by Russian botanists.— This constitutes, together with the two following species, a small, but very re- markable and distinct group. Their general appearance is similar to G. septemfida, Pall.; they have a thick and creeping root, often marked by singular rings, formed by concentric ruptures of the epidermis ;—these gradually loosen, and afterwards become contracted; the stem is low and ascending, sometimes more than one grows from the same root ; their leaves are short, roundish, and bent downwards ; the flowers have no peduncle whatever, they are always solitary at the summit of the stem, the calyx be- ing in immediate connexion with the Sea leaves; the seeds seem to be angular and not winged ; at

least such is the case in G. calycosa.

8. G. calycosa (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis abbreviatis ovato-l. eric UN dis margine scabriusculis, floribus solitariis terminalibus sessilibus, calyce integro, lobis latissime foliaceis inzequalibus, corollee ceeruleze lobis ovato-oblongis acutis, plica multifida, antheris demum liberis. (Tas. CXLVI.)—£. stricta; caulibus czespitosis, strictissimis, simplicissimis, foliis acutioribus duplo brevioribus internodia sequantibus, radice fascicu- lata, hinc annulata,

Radix repens, crassa, nigra, absque annulis. Caules erespitosi, zequales, laxi, spithamei, basi squamis

inyolüti, teretes, sulcato-striati, simplices l. parce ramosi, ramis alternis flexuosis cauli similibus. Ber nodia uncialia, superiora paullum longiora. Folia infima squameeformia, ovata, obtusa, c to-vaginanti

“O

Gentiana.) : GENTIANEA, 59

- superiora sensim majora, ex basi cordata l. late ovata subrotunda l. rotundato-triangularia, obtusissima, 3- 5nervia, margine ad lentem serrulata, horizontaliter patentia, summa flori approximata. Flores solitarii in apice caulis et ramorum immersi, Calycis tubus turbinatus, (4" longus,) membrana intracalycina forma- tus; lobi ejusdem fere longitudinis, foliacei, late ovati l. cordato-triangulares, basi supra incumbentes, ob- tusissimi, longiores dimidiam corollam æquantes. Corolla clavata, (unciam longa, dimidiam unciam lata.) Lobi ovato-oblongi, apice triangulari acuto, tubo triplo breviores, plica triangulari multifida acutissima duplo longiores. Genitalia dimidiam corollam sequantia. Anther@ juniores connate, demum libere, oblongz, sagittatee, incumbentes. Germen oblongo-lineare, apice longe attenuatum, stigmatibus revolutis. Capsula elliptico-oblonga. Semina triangularia, 3-carinata, oblonga, striato-asperiuscula, altero latere acuta.

Haz. Both forms occur at Mount Rainier, on the north-west coast. Mr. Tolmie.—' The structure of the lowermost leaves is remarkable; they are commonly reduced to little scales, the opposite pairs of which are so far coherent as to form a loose vagina round the stem of three or four lines in length. -1 saw a similar abortion in G. Pneumonanthe, L., but the vagina did not proceed so far. The same peculiarity occurs in the following species.

Tas. CXLVI.—A. var. f. Fig. 1, Flower laid open:—slightly magnified.

9. G. Menziesii (Griseb.); caule erectiusculo, foliis abbreviatis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis margine lzvibus, flore unico terminali sessili, calyce dimidiato utrinque latissimo, corollae lobis cordato-dilatatis triangulari-acutis, plica brevi 2-3crenata, antheris liberis.

Radix crassa, apice squamosa. Caulis solitarius, simplicissimus, pedalis, striatus, inferne squamatus, superne foliosus. Internodia subzequalia, uncialia, Folia patentia, connata, ex basi subobliqua, semio- vata, late ovalia, obtusa l. obtusiuscula, 3-5-nervia, (unciam longa, 8" lata.) Vagine calycine subsequales, late ovatze l. ovato-oblongz, apice hinc processibus viridibus (sepalorum rudimentis instructe. Corolla uncialis, clavata, lobi ex basi transverse truncata dilatata, apice triangulari acuto, tubo duplo breviores, plica brevissima l. truncata crenulata. Stigmata elongata, revoluta. Germen oblongo-lineare.

Haz. North-West Coast. Mr. Menzies.—This plant is most like G. platypetala, from which it differs by the form ofthe leaves and of the corolla, the base of which runs to a point in this species, while it is very large in G. platypetala, and also by the form of the lobi corolle and the plica intermedia, as is stated in the diagnosis.

10. G. glauca (Pall.); caule humili ascendente, foliis obovato-spathulatis glaucis margine lseviusculis, floribus paucis terminalibus, calyce integro, corollze pallide czeruleze lobis ovatis obtusis plicam integram multo superantibus, antheris liberis, seminibus tenui ala cinctis. (Tas. CXLVII.)— all. Ross. 2. p. 104, t. 93. f. 2.—G. ceespitosa. Graham, in Edin- burgh Philos. Journ.

Has. In the Rocky Mountains. Mr. Drummond.—This does not differ at all from the Asiatic plant. The circumstance of the existence of this species in the Rocky Mountains, is a valuable contribution to the laws of the geographical distribution of the Gentians; the greater part of those species which adorn the short summer of the Arctic Zone being again to be met with in the similar elimate of the higher mountains of lower latitudes, Many examples of this fact are known with regard to European species, but scarcely one among those of the new continent, all the numerous species of the Andes being confined to those lati- . tudes. G. glauca, however, affords an instance of a similar distribution to that above quoted; Steller having detected it in Behring's Island, Pallas in Kamschatka, and Chamisso on both shores of Behring's Strait. Now, though the spot where Mr. Drummond found it, in the Rocky Mountains, lies under the same latitude with Kamschatka, it is not to be forgotten that the isothermal line declines there to the south.

Tas. CXLVII.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, the same laid open; fig. 3, capsule; fig. 4, seeds:—magnified,

60 GENTIANEE. e [ Gentiana. $ Lë Sectio II. CHONDROPHYLLA, Bg.— Corolla plica intermedia aucta, eglandulosa, infun- dibuliformis. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula longe stipitata. Testa appressa, ex- ‘alata. Folia margine cartilaginea.

11. G. prostrata (Hk.); caule basi ramoso, ramis unifloris, foliis ovali-spathulatis re- curvato-obtusatis margine levibus apice muticis, calycis lobis ovato-lanceolatis erectis, plicis parvulis bifidis, capsula juniori elliptico-oblonga basi attenuata adulta basi ovata apice attenuata. —G. prostrata. Henk. in Jacq. Coll. 9. p. 66. t. 17. J 2. Froel. p. 15.—G. aqua- tica, o, Froel. p. 18? ex descr.—G. nutans. Bg. in Mém. de P Acad. de Moscou, v. 7. p. 232. t. 11. f: 2. (forma elongata flore nutante.) à

Haz. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Bay of Good Hope, Russian Ameriea. Chamisso.— There are two forms of this species, both collected by Mr. Drummond,—one scarcely an inch long, with two or three branches, and quite identical with the G. prostrata of the German Alps,—the other three to six inches high, with many ascending branches of equal length, and the leaves more distant; besides, the flowers are larger, but they are not drooping in the specimens from the Rocky Mountains, as in those col- lected by Chamisso. The latter form is peculiar to North America, but by no means specifically distinct. This species is very similar to G, humilis, Stev. or aquatica of many authors, but it differs by the small bifid plicee, the form of the fruit and the leaves, and a short style, the latter having no style, oblong- lanceolate leaves, an obovate capsule, and roundish plicz, nearly as long as the lobes of the corolla. Some other species, which stand next to G. humilis, have been well analyzed by Mr. Bunge. G.prostrata has been found by Mr. Darwin, at the Straits of Magellan!

Sectio III, Trerorruiza, Ren.—Corolla plica intermedia bifida aucta, eglandulosa, hypocrateriformis. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula sessilis. Testa appressa exa- lata.— Herbe perennes. x

12. G. Douglasiana (Bong.); caule a basi ramoso tenero, foliis ovalibus cordatisque margine leviusculis, calyce integro, corolle albze lobis oblongis obtusis tubo duplo brevi- oribus. (Tar. CXLVIIL) Bongard, Veg. de Sitcha, p. 38. t. 6.-—8. patens, ovario obo- vato stiligero, caule altiori, ramis stricte patentibus nudiusculis subfastigiatis, corolla pro- fundius partita, plica longiori. (Tan, CXLVIII. B.)—G. trichotoma. Menz. mser. in Herb. Hook.

Haz. In swamps; abundant at Fort MacLoughlin, Millbank Sound, N.W. Coast. Mr, Tolmie. In the island of Sitcha. Mr. Mertens. . in the marshes of the N.W.C. Dr. Scouler, Mr. Menzies. Near Fort Vancouver. Mr. Garry.—The dried plant has always a somewhat dirty yellow colour... The plate of Mr, Bongard, though representing with great precision the specimens which had been collected by the late Mr, Mertens, does not well express the appearance of the common form, as those specimens were not yet quite developed: the flowers are not so crowded; the internodia are longer; the branches elongated, rather feeble, and commonly one-fowered. As the fruit has not been seen by Mr. Bongard, I add the following notes to his description: — Capsula elliptico-oblonga, apice attenuata, compressa, superne margi- nata, corollam æquans. Semina nigra, oblonga, angulata, exalata, utrinque acuta, levia, juniora pilosula, valvule utrique binis seriebus juxta suturas inserta.— The appearance of the variety 8. is very singular, and ` the characters of its germen seem to be constant; but I sometimes saw a Short distinct stylus also in the common form, and the shape of the leaves is quite identical.

E oe Tas. CXLVIIL-—A. var. z.B, var. 8.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, The same laid open Xs

Gentiana.) GENTIANEZ. 61

: * Sectio IV. AncroPHILA.— Corolla plica intermedia destituta, inter basin Julamentorum glandulifera, infundibuliformis. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula sessilis. Semina

globosa, exalata.—Herbe annue. Glandule corolline hinc inde abortu desunt.

13. G. aurea (L.); caule humili basi in ramos cauli similes diviso superne subsimplici, foliis septemnerviis, imis elliptico-oblongis basi attenuatis, caulinis late ovatis obtusiusculis, sepalis margine levibus vix basi junctis insequalibus versus apicem ampliatis corollam sub- zequantibus, corolla 5-v. 4-fide alba lobis ovato-lanceolatis cuspidatis setula terminatis tubum campanulatum sensim ampliatum subeequantibus.—L. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 331.—G. invo-

- lucrata. Fries, in Act. Hafn. 10. t. 1. LA

4

Haz. Greenland. Vahl, jun.

14. G. aleutica (Cham. et Schlecht.); caule humili a basi ramoso, foliis obscure trinerviis, imis spathulatis, caulinis ovatis acutis, calycis lobis lineari-oblongis insequalibus margine scabris tubum «equantibus, longioribus corollae tubo subbrevioribus, corollz 4-fidæ violaceze lobis ovatis acutiusculis muticis (margine hinc setulosis) tubo campanulato sensim ampliato duplo brevioribus. Cham. et Schlecht in Linnea, 1. p. 115.—G. Unalaschkensis. Bg. in Nou v. Mém. de la Soc. de Moscou, 1. p. 240. t. 9. f.2. i

Has: Unalaschka. Chamisso.

15. G. arctophila (Griseb.); caule humili basi in ramos cauli similes diviso superne sim- plici triflori, foliis obscure 3-nerviis, imis obovato-oblongis basi attenuatis, caulinis ovato- oblongis acutis, sepalis margine scaberrimis vix basi junctis inæqualibus, majoribus corolla tubo brevioribus, corollæ 4-fidæ cæruleæ lobis ovato-triangularibus basi superincumbenti- bus acutissimis setula terminatis (margine lævibus) tubo ex basi lata sensim æqualiter am- pliato triplo brevioribus. (Tas. CXLIX.)—£. densiflora; floribus tribus terminalibus ap- proximatis, foliis caulinis cordato-ovatis l. cordato-lanceolatis obtusiusculis, sepalis duobus maximis corollæ tubum æquantibus 1. superantibus, minoribus anguste lanceolatis abbrevi-

atis. (The colour of the flowers is, perhaps, also different, since all the corolle of this

variety have kept their bright blue, as the colour was stated by Mr. Drummond; while the specimens from the Arctic sea-coast have now whitish flowers, with a violet tint here and there.) Tas. CXLIX. B.B. :

Radix tenuis, simplex, curve descendens. Caulis basi infra ramificationem foliis quibusdam rosulatus; rami insequales, partim decumbentes, partim descendentes, medius plerumque major erectiusculus 2-3un- cialis, minores unciales, omnes 3-(rarius 1) flori, unico pari foliorum instructi, teretiusculi. Folia ima obovato-oblonga obtusa l. elliptico-oblonga acutiuscula, margine ad lentem tenuissime serrulata, (6—8'"

longa, 3” lata;) caulina supra medium ramum sita, ovato-oblonga, sessilia, acuta, sepe acutissima, (6-9

"

longa, 2-4” lata.) Pedicelli laterales ex axillis foliorum caulinorum 2-6”, longi; pedunculus terminalis 8-12”, longus, ebracteatus. Calyx fere ad basin divisus, sepalis foliis caulinis simillimis. Corolla fere uncialis, infundibuliformi-hypocrateriformis, tubo basi 2", apice Ke lato. Filamenta alata, basi latiora, Anthere parvæ, oblongæ, violaceæ, incumbentes. Ovarium oblongo-lineare, stamina corollæque tubum æquans. Stigmata 2 oblongo-linearia, revoluta, ovario imposita, quam in ceteris Arctophilis longiora. Capsula oblongo-linearis, corollam marcescentem æquans, seminibus minutissimis fuscis applanatis lævibus exalatis in utraque valvula biserialibus.—Species ludit sepalis æqualibus; etiam scapis unifloris cæspitosis,

62 GENTIANEA. [Gentiana. —

"

Has. Arctic Sea-Coast. Dr. Richardson. 8. Rocky Mountains. Mr. Drummond.—This affords an- ix - other instance of the occurrence of the same species at the level of the sea in the north, as well asata ^ ` certain height in lower latitudes. It approaches nearly to G. propinqua, Rich., but it seems to differ d t constantly, since its exterior habit, and the manner of its ramification, is indeed anything but analogous.

In Chamisso's specimens of the latter species, the lobes of the corolla are lanceolate, and not super- = incumbent, at their base ; but, among that great seriesof specimens which have been collected on Capt. ` ` ` Franklin’s expedition, are to be found flowers wholly similar to those of G. arctophila, differing, indeed,

only in having their corolla always much slenderer and narrower at the base of its tube, as well as some- =- what serrated at its lobes. ET

-

Tas. CXLIX.—A. var. e, B.B. var. 6.—Fig. 1, Flower of 8; fig. 2, The same laid open:—magnified. t

16. G. propinqua (Rich.) caule gracili basi flagellifero superne subsimplici, foliis imis spathulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis lanceolatisque acutis, sepalis margine levibus basi junctis valde inzequalibus, binis ovatis acutis tubum coroll: equantibus, binis lanceo- lato-linearibus brevioribus, corolle 4-(5?)-fide cæruleæ lobis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis- simis setula terminatis (margine hinc setulosis) tubo obconico fere duplo brevioribus. (Tas. CL.) —Richardson in Narr. of a Journey by Frankl. p. 134.—G. Rurikiana. Cham. et — Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 176.—G. setiflora. Bg. l. c. p. 242. t. 9. f. 4.—8. densiflora; ~ floribus terminalibus aggregatis a foliis floralibus involucratis, foliis caulinis ovato-oblongis : obtusis, foliis radicalibus spathulatis rosulatis, flagellis erectiusculis foliosis apice densifloris _ caule dimidio minoribus, caule humiliori; ee d

£ » y ork

Has. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains (Mr. Drummond), together with the variety. Cumber- ` i land House to Bear Lake, and Bear Lake River. Dr. Richardson. Escholtz’s Bay. Chamisso.—This ` species is chiefly characterised by a great many small branches or flagella, which rise from the axille ° — — of the radical leaves, and from the inferior ones of the stem, They are very slender, one or two inches = long, commonly with one pair of leaves and one terminal flower, which is considerably smaller than the — flowers of the stem. There are specimens with twenty such branchlets. This species grows along with — - G. acuta, Mich., some forms of which are so strikingly like this plant, that one would easily think them _ not specifically different, the more so as the beard of G. acuta sometimes almost totally disappears, and `. ` the existence of glands between the filaments in the section Arctophila is also variable. The cuspidate - lobes of the corolla, however, afford a character which never fails.— The original specimens did not present a 5-cleft corolla; but this is a point of no value at all in this group of Gentiane, and Chamisso's and Richardson's plants are quite the same. In the drawing of Mr. Bunge, the shape of the leaves, and of the lobes of the corolla, is not well given.— The variety £. is in fact so similar to G. aleutica, Cham., that it is impossible to distinguish them in any other way than by the calyx, the lobes of which are regular in the latter, and united in a tube half as long as themselves. Also, the leaves of the stem are still larger and more stem-clasping. It seems that the constancy of these characters is still to be proved by investigations on the spot. Transition forms between that variety and the common appearance of G. propinqua, Rich., are frequent.

Tas. CL.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, The same laid open:—magnified,

17, G. quinqueflora (Lam.); caule vegeto a basi ramoso, ramis oppositis, foliis imis obo- vato-linearibus paucis, ceteris cordato-ovatis (acutissimis) 5-7 nerviis, calycis corolla qua- druplo brevioris lobis subulatis sequalibus margine scabriusculis tubum sequantibus, corollae 5 fide cæruleæ lobis triangularibus acutissimis setula terminatis (margine levibus) tubo

Ec

Gentiana.] GENTIANEZ. 63

. . obconico quadruplo brevioribus.— Lam. Encycl. 2. p. 643. Bot. Mag. t. 3496.—G. quin- quefolia. Z. Sp: 1. p. 833.—G. amarelloides. Mich. 1. p. 177. Pursh, 1. p. 186.

-~ . Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival.— The specimens differ somewhat from the common form, in having blunt leaves and a divaricating infloresence.

"i 18. G. tenuis (Griseb.); caule stricto subsimplici, foliis linearibus obtusis (mucronatis), . sepalis margine scaberrimis basi vix junctis inzequalibus longioribus tubum corollz zequan-

tibus, corollee 4-fidze albidze (?) lobis oblongis obtusissimis mucronulatis tubo cylindrico - duplo brevioribus. (Tas. CLI.)

de

D

_ Radix tenuis, descendens, ramosa. Caulis spithameus 1. pedalis, strictissimus, subsimplex, teretiuscu- lus, a basi ad apicem sequaliter foliosus, basi rubicundus. Znternodia ima semiuncialia, cetera uncialia, hinc sesquiuncialia. Folia exacte linearia, basi latiuscula, apice rotundato mucronulato, 1. cuspidato, 1. acuminato, obsolete trinervia, margine ad lentem creberrime serrulata, obscure viridia, basi connato-am- plexantia, (unciam longa, 1-13" lata.) Flores tenues, parvi, in äxillis superioribus subsessiles, erecto-ap- pressi: terminalis longius pedicellatus. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata. Corolla sicca albida, infundibuli- formi-hypocrateriformis, (5" longa, 14-2” lata.) Glandule inter basin filamentorum. Capilli hine 3-5

e tenues in lobis coroll. Genitalia tubum zequantia. Anthere rotundz, incumbentes. Germen ellipticum,

stigmatibus parvulis vix revolutis. Capsula—?

Ha». At the Mackenzie River. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson.—'There is no species of the least analogy with this in the group of Arctophile, the appearance being exactly that of G. - (— Amarella, or G. acuta ; but as glands occur between the filaments, which have not been observed in the > group of Endotriche, and on the other hand, as there is seldom a trace of a beard in the corolla, it will ` + be more convenient to bring this species into this group, although it must be observed that it unites most naturally with that of G. Amarella. Besides, it differs from the latter by de peculiar form of the leaves, and of the lobes of the corolla. f

Taz. CLI.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Pistil:—magnified. Sectio V. ENDoTRICHA, Bg.—Corolla plica intermedia destituta, eglandulosa, hypocra- P teriformis, corona fimbriarum aucta. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula sessilis. - Semina globosa, exalata.— Herbe annue. ~

a

x

19. G. tenella (Fries); caule basi ramoso, ramis nudis elongatis unifloris, sepalis obtusis duobus majoribus, corolle 4-fidz tubo cylindrico lobos subsequante.— Fries, in Act. Hafn. 10. p. 436.—G. glacialis. Thom. App. Vill. Delph. 1. App. 532.—G. dichotoma. Pall. Ross. 2. p. 110.—G. borealis. Bg. l c. p. 257. t. 10. f. 2.

Haz. At Behring Strait, on the shore of the sea at Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso.— This form is a foot high, and very straight; the sepala are almost as long as the corolla: on which differences Mr. Bunge established his G. borealis. But the same appearance occurs not only in Norway, but sometimes also in the Alps, and there is no constancy in these characters. ,

20. G. acuta (Mich.); caule gracili erecto ramoso, foliis connato-vaginantibus, inferiori- bus oblongo-spathulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutissimis, calyce subzequali co- rollam dimidiam vix æquante.— Mich. Bor. Am. 1. p. 177.—G. plebeja. Bg. l c. p. 250. t. 9. f: 5.—G. Amarella. ‚Richards. in Narrat. l.c.—8. stricta, caule 2-4 pedali, racemis axillaribus strictis elongatis erectis, calyce insequali, foliis zequalibus, floribus siccis flaves- centibus. à

64 GENTIANEE. [ Gentiana.

Haz, œ. and 6, Canada to the Rocky Mountains and Slave Lake. Michaux, Dr. Richardson, Douglas, Drummond.—The common appearance is much more slender than in the drawing of Mr. Bunge, the leaves are narrower and the branches shorter; but the same form as that from Unalaschka occurs also in the Rocky Mountains. ag

This species is extremely like our G. Amarella; it seems, however, to differ constantly in the way the leaves embrace the stem. In G. Amarella the lamina of the two leaves ends at that point where they are affixed to the stem, so that they are separated from each other by an interstice formed by the stem; while in G. acuta the bases of both leaves touch each other without any interstice, so that the substance of the leaves itself is somewhat connate: this character seems to be invariable throughout all those numerous forms in which these species are so rich; the upper leaves of G. acuta are, besides, always longer and more acute, and the leaves near the root are more or less spathulate, while in G. Amarella the leaves are always more equal in the same individual; the beard of G. acuta is longer and thinner, so as to disappear almost wholly here and there; the flowers are somewhat smaller; the calyx is shorter and more unequal; the stem more angular, and commonly almost winged. Besides, most of its forms are much stiffer, taller, and more branched ; the stem often produces such slender and numerous branchlets from the under- axille as has been mentioned above of G. propinqua.— G. acuta, Nutt., which has been doubtfully re- ferred to G. campestris, certainly is the species of Michaux, which seems the only one of Endotriche widely dispersed through the northern parts of the new continent, and the varieties of which are as mani- fold as those of G. Amarella.

Sectio VI. CnossorETALUM, Froel.— Corolle, plica intermedia destitute, glandulis inter basin filamentorum aucte, lobi cum tubo continui l. expansi margine fimbriati. ` Stigmata lata orbiculata distincta. Capsula stipitata l. basi attenuata. Testa exalata aculeis mol- libus tecta (l. rarius levis.) —Herbe annue et perennes. :

21. G. detonsa (Fries); caule stricto, pedunculis superne nudis, foliis oblongo-lanceo- latis linearibusque basi attenuatis, corolla lobis tubum subsequantibus oblongis rotundatis margine versus apicem serratis medio ciliato-pectinatis basi integerrimis, seminibus acule- atis.— Fries, in Act. Hafn. l c. t. 1. f. 8.—G. brachypetala. Bg.l.c. p. 225. t 11. f.3. (specimen defloratum.)—G. ciliata. Gunn. Norv. 2. p. 88. t. 2. f. 3-5.—G. serrata. Gunn. 2. p. 101. (forma cor. 5-fida.) Fl. Dan. 317.—f. barbata, radice bienni, caule erecto ra- ` moso, foliis caulinis longissime acuminatis, corolla duplo majori, stigmatibus ovario obovato impositis (in planta sibirica; in americana plerumque ovarium ellipticum et stylus con- spicuus.)—G. barbata. Froel. p. 114. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 639.—G. ciliata. Pall. Ross. 2. t. 92. f. 2.—y. simplex, radice bienni, caule simplici unifloro gracillimo superne nudo, co- rolla ut in £., foliis imis lineari-spathulatis, superioribus linearibus. G. barbata, simplex. Bg. l. c. p. 224. t. 9. f. 1.—G. intermedia. Richards. ms.

Haz. Huron Lake. Dr. Todd. Slave Lake, passing into 9. Dr. Richardson. Edmonton House to Carlton House on the Saskatchawan. Mr. Drummond. Arctic sea-shore, Dr, Richardson.—f. Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mr. Sheppard. Huron Lake. Dr. Todd. Banks of the Maitland River. Mr. Js. Macnab. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. Saskatchawan and Rocky Mountains,—with forms passing into a; and £. Mr. Drummond.— The name given by Fries is the oldest one for this polymorphous species: the variety, which has been nicely drawn by Mr. Bunge, proving that there are no certain limits between G. barbata, Froel. of the Altai, and G. detonsa, Fries, of the Arctic Zone and Lapland. "This was the more clearly shown by the large collection of American specimens which I have been able to examine:

Pleurogyne.] GENTIANBE. 65

even the shape of the ovarium, which I D Zéi before to afford constant characters, is here not less fal- lible than the regularity or irregularity of the calyx, as well as the large size of the ftower. It seems to depend upon the nature of the locality, whether the root be biennial or annual.—The American G. bar- bata differs somewhat from the Altaic form, by the lower leaves being more blunt, and by having a dis- tinet style and nearly equal calyx. Though these characters are by no means constant, one may form, on these grounds, an American variety; but we-find, here and there, specimens which are quite identical with some Siberian ones: besides, the variety . occurs in both countries.

92. G. crinita (Froel.); caule stricto multifloro folioso, foliis cordato-lanceolatis, pedun- culis superne nudis elongatis, coroll: lobis oblongis rotundatis margine fimbriatis, fimbriis deorsum longioribus basi loborum nullis, ovario ovato-lanceolato, seminibus aculeolatis. Froel. p. 112. Pursh, 1. p. 188. Beck, p. 240. Bot. Mag. t. 2031.—G. fimbriata. Andr. Bot. Hepos. t. 509.—G. ciliata, Americana. L.

Has. Canada. Mr. Goldie.—This is widely dispersed throughout the United States. .

23. G. ventricosa (Griseb.); caule stricto gracili, foliis caulinis ovato-oblongis sg? calyce inzequali alato ventricoso corollam involvente, corollee lobis zequaliter crenato-fim-

' briatis. (Tas. CLII.)

Radix annua, tenuis, ramosa. Caulis pedalis, strictus, glaber, teres, striatus, preter ramos quosdam insequales unifloros secundos simplex, superne gracilis. Internodia ima uncialia, cetera sensim longiora, 2-3-uncialia. Folia margine ad lentem tenuissime scabrida, ima rosulata obovato-subrotunda 1. obovato- oblonga, in petiolum attenuata, (4-6” longa,) caulina ovato-oblonga obtusa, (unciam longa, 4"—6" lata.) Rami pedunculares, flexuosi, simplices, uno pari foliorum a flore remoto instructi; pedunculus termina lis 1 florus, ebracteatus, (3-4 uncialis.) Calyx clausus, ovoideus, (9" longus, 4—5" latus,) acuminatus, corollam tertia parte superans, lobis tubum equantibus, binis lanceolatis acuminatissimis longe mucronatis, binis ovatis acuminatis paullo minoribus latius alatis (ale per sepala, cetera per scariosam membranam intra- calycinam formantur.) Corolla inclusa, convoluta, 4-fida, lobis ovato-oblongis, tubum sensim ampliatum zequantibus, elegantissime zequaliter crenato-fimbriatis, obtusis. Filamenta brevissima (1-29" longa,) lata, membranacea, sub apice tubi inserta. -Anther@ ex tubo exsertz, introrsee, loculis basi distantibus extror- sum connectivo membranaceo cum filamento contiguo junctis. ` Ovarium elliptico-oblongum, stamina paul-

lum superans, stylo nullo, stigmatibus orbiculatis 2-lamellatis. Capsula ignota.

Has. Grand Rapids of the Saskatchawan. Between Cumberland House and Hudson’s Bay. Drummond.—One of the most remarkable species: the appearance is exactly like G, utriculosa, but from the structure of the flower, it is nearest G. detonsa.

Tas, CLII.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Corolla; fig. 3, Corolla laid open; figs. 4, 5, Back and front view of a stamen; fig. 6, Section of a calyx:—magnified. wë,

2. PLEUROGYNE. EscuschoLz. ap. Cnam. Linnea, |. p. 190.

Fovee epipetalee glandulifere 0. Filamenta basi sequalia. Stigmata lateralia (ad sutu- ras valvularum decurrentia.) Capsula unilocularis. "Corolla rotata, corona fimbriarum

brevissima. aucta.

L P. rotata (L. sub Swertia); foliis lanceolatis Jinearibusque, calycis lobis lanceolato- linearibus corollam zequantibus, ovario acuto, seminibus suture valvularum insertis.—L. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 328. Pallas, 2. p. 98. (excl. synon. et fig. JUL) t. 89. f. 1. 2.—Gentiana ro-

- tata. Froel. p. 105. ex descriptione (exclus. synon. et var. 8.) —Swertia sulcata, Fries, l. c.

VOL. II. I

*

er

E e e. e É

KN , TM ES" V. MES "` Jj - Ss - 7 e "e

66 T. | GENTIANEZ, [Frasera. - p. 438. t. 1. J. 4.—y. Americana, caule humili fastigiato-ramosissimo, ramis 1-3-floris, foliis

oblongo-linearibus obtusis, i imis rosu Weg

Haz. Between Guilin House and. oe Bay. Dad: Kotzebue Sound. Captain Beechey. Eschscholtz Sound. Mr. Von Chamisso ; y. Labrador. Dr. Morison.—The variety f. grows in the Altai, See an account of the confusion of synonyms of this species in Chamisso and Schlechtendal (Linnea 1. p. 188.) where they have stated all points with their usual exactness,—The Swerti@ of Mr. Pursh are quite doubtful; his Swertia pusilla is certainly Sw. Stelleriana, Cham. Schlecht.—another spe- cies of Pleurogyne, which 1 do not consider specifically distinct from Sw, Carinthiaca, Wulf; Mr. Pursh . states that he has seen specimens of it from Labrador in the Banksian herbarium, but as the variety y. of

E: 1. rotata is indeed We e to it, I did not deem it convenient to follow his statement, not having s seen

7# Rame broader leaves, shorter sepala, ang the insertion of the’seeds being analogous to. dae ep da.

Ki m +- - ye Hok Jer d Fee Mae M 237 Zaika xd E

“specimens from that cou There are specimens of our plant scarcely an inch high, the sepala being sometimes larger than in the common form; Pleurogyne Stelleriana differs from them only by its blunt

“ae 2 3. SWERTIA. L. i :

Fovee sr: glanduliferze, fimbriis cincta. Stigma terminale, ovario impositum, continuum, reniforme. Capsula unilocularis, seminibus indefinitis valvulis. affixis. Corolla rotata pentamera absque corona.

1. Sw. perennis (L.); caule basi ascendente, petalis elliptico-oblongis coriaceis sepala ` lanceolata duplo superantibus, foveis binis, fimbriarum cristis distinctis, seminibus alatis. ade” L. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 328. Engl. Bot. t. 1441. Jacq. Austr. 3. t. 243.—8. obtusa; petalis. lati- oribus obtusioribus, foliis radicalibus gatuioribus caulinis plerisque alternis. _ : $

Haz. e N.W. Coast. K Menzies There is no difference from the Altaic form, I have examined the same variety collecte at Konigsberg, and its characters are not constant. —Swertia fastigiata, Pursh,

may be another species of this genus: it seems, — more probable that it is a Frasera, as Mr Pursh refers the a to Tetrandria. * :

2

4, FRASERA. Walt. Á

Fovee rg glanduliferze fimbriis cincte. Stigmata distincta, sitos imposita. Cap- sula unilocularis, compressa, seminibus subdefinitis magnis alatis, valvularum suture affixis. Corolla rotata decidua tetramera. °

+

1. F. Carolinensis (Walt); ; caule erecto tereti glabro, foliis oppositis verticillatisque aet longo-lanceolatis, racemo elongato densifloro, calyce corolla longiore, fovea orbiculari taria. alt. Car. p. 81. Torrey, p. 187.—F. Walteri. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 9. Pursh, 1. p. 101. Ell. Car. v. 1. p. 205.—F. verticillata. Muhl. : Cat. ) : ;

Haz. Shores of the Columbia. Doug. —[Hook.]

2. F. speciosa (Dongl. ms.); Sege erecto tereti ‘sulcato KE v quaternis | oblongo- `

linearibus acutiusculis, racemo elongato densifloro, calyce. córollam SUN ME GE? na pu e tico-oblongis binis. (Tas. CLIII.) A

Radiz perennis, pollicem crassa, apice comosa, etiam foliorum vaginis tecta, partim emortuorum di - Caulis strictus plurimum orgyarum, inferne digitum crassus, dense foliosus, simplex, Be -in racemum pedalem sie? eum Jess get up. $ Internodia caulis 2-3 usd oA taii

y A

E

i

&

Halenia] : GENTIANEE. - eT

lj-uncialia. Folia radicalia semipedalia, unciam lata, in latum petiolum attenuata, acuminata, acutiuscula, 7-9 nervia, glabra, caulina quaterna, conn nantia, 4 uncias longa, Jfloralia sensim mi- nora, summa sesquiuncialia. Inflorescentia racemosa, verticillastris distinctis composita: pedunculi com- munes quaterni, axillares, unciales, apice cyma- 'umbelleeformi bibracteata terminati, flore centrali longius pedicellato internodium axis superante: eodem modo caulis summus terminatur, pedicello ultimo 13-2- unciali, ebracteato. Sepala 4 linearia, acuminata, obtusiuscula, vix basi juncta, 9" longa. Petala oblongo- elliptica, obtusa, albida, apice punctata, erecta, basi barbata, fimbriarum cristis foveas cingentibus longis pectinatis. Filamenta basi in annulum brevem connexa et abrupte arcuato-dilatata, demum connectivi ` apici i a. Anthera introrse, loculis oblongis connectivo duplo longioribus, obeordatee, Ovarium ovale ` € superans, stigmate breviter bilobo. Capsula—?

Has, On the low hills near Spokan and Salmon Rivers and subalpine parts of the Blue Mountain: near the Kooskooska River, N. W.C. Douglas.—[This is quite distinct from the preceding, much larger i every part, with longer petals and constantly 2 oblong fovez upon each of them.— Hook.) `

Tas. CLIII. — Fig. 1, Flower; fig..2, Petal: :—magnified. N

. Frasera albicaulis (Dougl..ms. sub Swertia); caule ascendente tereti- pilis aliia Perea scabrido, foliis oppositis linearibus obtusis, racemo densifloro, calyce — itii: fovea. neari unica. (Tas. CLIV.) :

pérennis foliorum emarcidorum vaginis tecta. Caulis ex basi ascendente stricte erectus, pedalis, simplex, "vas e paucis et apice: racemo denso instraetus. ‚Internodia 4-8-uncialia, preter inflorescentiam plerumque i in toto caule bina. Folia elongato-linearia, nervosa, pilis quam in caule brevioribus densiori- busque subalbescentia, alte ‚connato-vaginantia, radicalia duo 3-4-uncialia, 38-4" lata, caulina 3-uncialia patula, floralia minora, paucissima ex inflorescentia exserta. Inflorescentia racemiformis, ex verticillas- tris 2-4 approximatis cymaque densa umbellaformi terminali constituta, accedente hine verticillastro in

sequentibus axillis, 4 uncias remotis; pedunculi verticillastrorum communes, plerumque in utraque axilla =;

bini, alter semiuncialis densa umbellula terminatus, alter minor pauciflorus: pedicellis brevibus confertis,

centrali longiori: Sepala linearia, acuminata,sublibera. Petala 3-4” longa, cærulea, oblongo-lanceolata, 7

acuminata, uninervia, fovea dimidium petalum æquante, crista fimbriarum brevi ad basin petali producta. Filamenta tenuia ; anthere ad indolem præcedentis speciei. Ovarium oblongo-ellipticum, apice attenua- ^ tum, stylum tenuem Rn stigmate breviter bilobo. Ovula oblonga, alata, pauca, (suturis affixa.) Caps. E

Haz. In the Mountain ` Vallies between Spokan and Kettle Falls, in moist soil. Mr. Douglas, Tas. CLIV. —Fig. 1, Videos Jig. 2, Petal; E Stamen; ; fig. 4, Pistil :—magnified, e 5. HALENIA. Borkh. ids

.. Petala Gë calcarata, glandulis Ende calcarum en, Stigmata vei e E unilocularis, seminibus indefinitis suturis valvularum affixis. Corolla breviter cam- nn Dach i

1. Hi defleza. (S sub Swe) caule erecto folioso, foliis 3-5 nerviis, "rádicalibus thulatis in p im seque longum attenuatis caulinis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis us calcaribus cylindrieis TE curvo-descendentibus corolla duplo brevioribus.

V.) —Swertia corniculata. Mich. Am. Y. Pe Bis Michaoxiana. R. S. 6. p. . Americana, "Spreng. Syst. 1. p. 861.

Haz. Spencer Wood, ( Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mr. | "NGA House to Canada. Dr, Rich. ardson, Drummond. . Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. ard Mountains. Drummond.— This species is very nearly allied to H. Sibirica, Borkh.; and since both vary much i in the form of their leayes as well as in

=

68 3 GENTIANEÆ. [Halenia.

their ramification, their characters require much to be explained. H. deflexa differt: caule vegetiori, stric- tiori, magis virente, alato nec angulato; ramis aut abbreviatis aut elongatis strictis, nec laxis patulis apice cernuis; foliis majoribus, plerumque latioribus, imis confertis obovatis longe petiolatis læte virentibus, nec ellipticis parvulis, sub anthesi jam emarcidis; calcaribus corolla duplo brevioribus curvo-descendentibus, demum curvo-subascendentibus crassiusculis, nec corollam æquantibus stricte patentibus dentibuspue pili- formibus.

Tas. CLV. - pO 1, Flower; fig. 2, Stamen; jig. 8, Pistil; go 4, Capsule; fig. 5, Section of do.; fig. 6, Seed; fig. 7, Section of do.; fig. 8, Embryo:—magnified.

2. H. Brentoniana (Griseb.): caule humili erectiusculo diffuse ramoso, foliis 3-5-nerviis lliptico-oblongis acuminatissimis in petiolum attenuatis, summis subsessilibus oblongo- e cyma terminali umbellzeformi 3-flora, flore centrali longius pedicellato, calcari- bus crassiusculis obtusis curvo-descendentibus l. subhorizontalibus corolla brevioribus.

(Tap. CLVI. A.)

Radix curvo-descendens, annua. Caulis triuncialis, obsolete tetrapterus, glaber, siccus obscure ceeruleo- viridescens. Rami erecto-patentes, cauli similes. Internodia inferiora brevissima, superiora 4-6-8’” longa. Folia patentissima 1-13" longa, 4-8” lata, glabra, subinzequalia, ima longius petiolata, spathulato-oblonga, acuta, media elliptico-oblonga, acutissima, subsessilia, floralia minora. Pedicelli breviusculi, verticillastris accedentibus eum cyma terminali et cum inflorescentia